Objective: To synthesize the available evidence on the effects of constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (CP), focusing on upper limb functional outcomes and neuroplasticity-related changes assessed through direct or indirect measures. Methods: This scoping review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA-ScR guidelines and was prospectively registered on the Open Science Framework (DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/DU8RE). A search of four databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science) was performed to identify studies involving children (0–18 years) with CP who received CIMT as the primary intervention. Eligible studies assessed neuroplasticity through neuroimaging or neurophysiological techniques. Results: Eleven studies involving 221 children met the inclusion criteria. CIMT protocols varied in duration, intensity, and setting (e.g., clinical, home-based, camp-based). Across studies, CIMT was associated with improvements in upper limb function and spontaneous use. Neuroplastic changes included increased activation in the contralateral sensorimotor cortex, normalization of somatosensory responses, and structural brain adaptations. Adjunctive therapies such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation, or occupational therapy further enhanced outcomes. Conclusion CIMT is an effective intervention that promotes cortical reorganization and improves motor function in children with hemiplegic CP. Customizing rehabilitation based on neurophysiological profiles may optimize clinical outcomes.

No abstract available.
Dystonia*

Neurologic symptoms that develop unconsciously and are incompatible with known pathophysiologic mechanisms or anatomic pathways belong to Conversion Disorder (CD). CD diagnosis is based on the clinical history and the exclusion of physical disorders causing significant distress or social and occupational impairment. In a subgroup of CD, called functional weakness (FW), symptoms affecting limbs may be persistent, thus causing a permanent or transient loss of limb function. Physiotherapy, pharmacotherapy, hypnotherapy and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) have been proposed as treatment strategies for FW-CD. Herein, we report a 30 year-old male, presenting with lower limb functional paraparesis, having obtained positive, objectively, and stable effects from a prolonged r-TMS protocol associated to a multidisciplinary approach, including psychological and sexuological counseling, and monitored by gait analysis. We postulate that our rTMS protocol, combined with a multidisciplinary approach may be the proper treatment strategy to improve FW-CD.
Brain* ; Conversion Disorder ; Counseling ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Extremities ; Gait ; Humans ; Hypnosis ; Lower Extremity ; Male ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Paraparesis* ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation