In traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)clinical practice,nocturia is usually treated from the perspective of regulating the kidney and bladder.After analyzing the zang-fu organ extraordinary connection theory proposed by Li Chan,an physician in Ming Dynasty,which highlights the extraordinary connection of qi between the kidney and triple energizer as well as the lung and bladder,this article proposes that the pathogenesis of nocturia can be summarized accordingly as"deficiency-cold of lung qi failing in warming and then leading to the disordered opening and closing of bladder,"and"decline of vital gate fire in the kidney resulting in the disordered qi transformation of the triple energizer".The treatment of nocturia can be conducted by warming lung and transforming qi to regulate bladder function with the modified use of Gancao Ganjiang Decoction plus Suoquan Pills,or by tonifying kidney and warming yang to promote triple-energizer qi transformation with the modified use of Jingui Shenqi Pills.The differentiation and treatment of nocturia guided by the zang-fu organ extraordinary connection theory expands the understanding of its pathogenesis and treatment approaches,and will provide new ideas for its clinical practice.

Objective To compare the lipid-lowering efficacy and safety of fixed-dose combination and free combination of rosuvastatin and ezetimibe in hypercholesterolemia patients who fail to achieve low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)goal with statin monotherapy.Methods A total of 45 hypercholesterolemia patients who switched from statin monotherapy to fixed-dose combination of rosuvastatin and ezetimibe after failing to achieve target LDL-C goal admitted at cardiological departments of First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University,Nanhai Fourth People's Hospital,Foshan First People's Hospital,and Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital between March and June 2024 were enrolled and served as the study group.Another 120 hyper-cholesterolemia patients who treated with free combination of rosuvastatin and ezetimibe were se-lected from Xiamen Regional Health Medical Big Data Platform with propensity score matching and served as control group.The LDL-C level,LDL-C reduction,and changes in TC,HDL-C and TG levels in 4-6 weeks after the medication switch,as well as the safety indicators(AST,ALT,CK,Cre and eGFR)were compared between the two groups.Results In 4-6 weeks after the medication switch,the patients in the study group exhibited a significant decrease in LDL-C level(1.70±0.44 mmol/L vs 2.12±0.87 mmol/L,P＜0.01),obvious LDL-C reduction[(43.17±16.11)％vs(29.14±29.13)％,P＜0.01]when compared to those of the control group.The LDL-C goal attainment rate was significantly higher in the study group than the control group(71.11％vs 45.00％,P=0.003).In addition,there were no statistical differences in the levels of HDL-C and TG and the reductions of HDL-C and TG between the two groups in 4-6 weeks after treatment(P＞0.05).The study group obtained notably lower TC level and TC reduction than the control group in the time(P＜/0.05,P＜0.01).After treatment,no statistical differences were observed between the two groups in terms of AST,ALT,CK,Cre and eGFR(P＞0.05).Conclusion Com-pared to free combination of rosuvastatin and ezetimibe,fixed-dose combination can further reduce LDL-C level in hypercholesterolemia patients who have not achieved LDL-C goal with statin monotherapy,with higher LDL-C goal attainment rate and good safety.