Fatty acid synthase (FASN) is an essential molecule in lipid metabolic pathways, which are crucial for cancer-related studies. Recent studies have focused on a comprehensive understanding of the novel and important regulatory effects of FASN on malignant biological behavior and immune-cell infiltration, which are closely related to tumor occurrence and development, immune escape, and immune response. FASN-targeting antitumor treatment strategies are being developed. Therefore, in this review, we focused on the effects of FASN on tumor and immune-cell infiltration and reviewed the progress of related antitumor therapy development.

Epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR ) mutations are common oncogenic driver mutations in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The application of EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is beneficial for patients with advanced and early-stage NSCLC. With the development of next-generation sequencing technology, numerous patients have been found to have more than one genetic mutation in addition to a single EGFR mutation; however, the efficacy of conventional EGFR-TKIs and the optimal treatments for such patients remain largely unknown. Thus, we review the incidence, prognosis, and current treatment regimens of EGFR compound mutations and EGFR concomitant mutations to provide treatment recommendations and guidance for patients with these mutations.
Humans ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics* ; Lung Neoplasms/genetics* ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology* ; Mutation/genetics* ; ErbB Receptors

近年来，通过增强机体免疫系统对肿瘤细胞的杀伤作用，免疫检查点抑制剂（immune checkpoint inhibitor，ICI）在抗 肿瘤治疗中的应用获得了显著的临床疗效。然而，多项证据表明，免疫治疗激活免疫系统的同时可导致独特的免疫相关不良反 应（immune-related adverse events，irAEs），影响免疫治疗的疗效或需要中止治疗。近几年，随着 ICI 治疗临床试验的广泛开展， irAEs 的发生情况、毒性谱及其有效管理手段的开发越来越得到临床医生的关注。常见的 irAEs 包括皮炎和甲状腺炎等，而不 同种类免疫检查点抑制剂、不同治疗剂量或组合疗法，均可导致不同的 irAEs 毒性谱，同一免疫检查点抑制剂作用于不同肿瘤 所致的毒副反应谱亦有不同。目前认为，irAEs 的发生与机体自身免疫系统功能的改变相关，包括机体免疫系统过度激活、自身 免疫耐受性的打破等，但其具体机制仍不十分清楚。本文结合近年来在 ICI 治疗中 irAEs 相关分子机制和预测标志物的关键理 论和认识方面取得的诸多新进展，对 irAEs 的发生特点和分子机制进行总结，并就其预测性标志物开发、irAEs 管理原则改进和 治疗新探索进行述评。

Precision detection techniques have promoted the development of individualized diagnosis and treatment of tumors in the era of precision medicine. At the same time, clinical demands of precision treatments have further driven the development and application of precision detection techniques. In recent years, precision medical detection techniques realized rapid transformations from low-throughput to high-throughput genomic sequencing, from tissue biopsies to liquid biopsies, and from multicell promiscuous detection to single cell precision sequencing. All these changes have promoted the emergence and development of new technologies, new targets, and new drugs in the era of precision oncology medicine. In the future, multi-dimensional combined detection could help to improve the accuracy of precision medicine; ctDNA methylation detection analysis could broaden the research field of precision medicine; and the transformation of clinical trial design could also contribute to promote the in-depth development of precision medicine.

Environmental factors are important risk factor for lung cancer. Smokers are 20 times more likely to develop lung cancer than non-smokers. However, less than 20% of smokers develop lung cancer. In recent years, many studies have shown genetic polymor‐phism plays an important role in the development of lung cancer, mainly involving single nucleotide polymorphisms and rare highexogenous mutations. The in-depth research of the gene polymorphism will be beneficial to the screen of susceptible genes in lung cancer and genetically high-risk population, providing genetic counseling and evidence for clinically precise diagnosis and treatment. This article mainly summarizes the contents regarding genetic susceptibility of lung cancer and high-risk population screening, early diagnosis of lung cancer as well as precise medication of advanced lung cancer.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) therapy is the most commonly used immunotherapy regimen at present. It has been approved for clinical treatment of melanoma, kidney cancer, head and neck cancer, bladder cancer and other tumors. It has made a breakthrough in the treatment of lung cancer and become a new pillar of comprehensive treatment of lung cancer. However, ICIs alone is less effective in non-selective patients, and combination therapy has become a hot topic of exploration. This article focuses on the development of combined immune checkpoint inhibitors and describes how immunotherapy can be used to treat early stage cancer.

[Abstract] In recent years, investigation on immune checkpoint inhibitors has made exciting progress in anti-tumor therapy. Through continuous exploration, there is a deeper understanding of intermolecular interaction patterns among PD-L1, PD-1, CD80, CTLA-4, etc. In addition to classically acting as a T cell inhibitory receptor, PD-L1 was found to be co-expressed with PD-1 or CD80 on the same cell and play a positive immunoregulatory function through cis-interaction, significantly affecting the interaction network between tumor cells and immune cells and the efficacy of immunotherapy, and bringing new changes to the understanding of the mechanisms of cancer immunotherapy. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the cis-PD-L1/PD-1 and cis-PD-L1/CD80 pathways and their interactions with a complex network of CTLA-4 and CD28 molecules, finally outlines the effects of blocking this cis-interaction pathway on T cell signaling, cytotoxic function, and the efficacy of anti-tumor immunotherapy.

Brain is the most common site of lung cancer metastasis, and the incidenceis are higher if patients have driver gene mutation. Patients with brain metastasis have a poor prognosis; further, different treatment methods affect the disease status and prognosis. In recent years, with the development of precision medicine, gradual progress has been made in treatments for lung cancer patients with brain metastasis, especially for those with driver gene mutations. This review first highlights the challenges of brain metastasis treatments, and then summarizes the research progress regarding targeted therapies for patients with driver gene mutation-positive lung cancer and brain metastasis. This review could help guide clinical decision making for individualized treatment in daily clinical practice.

胃癌患者具有相对较高的突变负荷、新抗原基数和肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞，表明其对免疫治疗可能具有潜在应答性，但多 项研究显示，免疫检查点程序性死亡受体1（programmed death protein1, PD-1）抑制剂单药治疗应答率仅为10%~26%。近期，人们 对化疗对机体免疫系统的影响进行了深入探究，证实化疗药物可通过不同免疫调节机制对肿瘤免疫应答产生影响。多项研究显 示，免疫治疗联合化疗药物在提高患者客观缓解率（ORR）和延长生存期方面具有一定成效，联合方案逐渐成为目前晚期胃癌研 究的热点。本文主要阐述化疗药物对肿瘤免疫应答的影响、免疫治疗联合化疗在晚期胃癌中的应用及预测疗效的生物标记物的 进展，以期为胃癌的临床治疗提供参考。

In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors have been continuously researched and developed, and gradually expanded in clinical practice, rapidly changing the treatment mode of lung cancer. At present, a number of immunotherapeutic drugs are also actively developed in China and gradually applied to clinical research, indicating that China has entered a new era of immunotherapy. However, with the continuous expansion of clinical research and the continuous accumulation of experimental data, it also brings us many new challenges and new thinking. This article mainly analyzes the development status and challenges of immunotherapy for lung cancer in the aspects of breakthroughs in treatment modes, special populations excluded from clinical immunotherapy trials, response evaluation, treatment-related adverse events and predictive biomarkers.