The biological activity of chitinase in degrading chitin has garnered extensive attention,particularly for its potential applications in biological control.This study utilized four spore-form-ing Bacillus strains isolated from Dermacentor nuttalli ticks collected in the Hulunbuir region.Traditional bacterial culture methods were employed for isolation and identification,followed by 16S rRNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the purified cultures.chitin-hydrolyzing strains were screened using colloidal chitin plates,and specific chitinase genes were detected via PCR.Fer-mentation was conducted at 37.0 ℃ for 4 d,and the supernatants were subjected to enzyme activity analysis using the DNS method.Four Gram-positive Bacillus strains were successfully isolated from tick tissue samples,they were identified as B.proteolyticus,B.paramycoides,B.thuringien-sis,and B.cereus,and renamed IMH/B-1,IMH/P-1,IMH/T-1,and IMH/C-1,respectively.PCR a-nalysis detected chitinase genes in B.proteolyticus and B.thuringiensis,while B.cereus and B.pa-ramycoides lacked these genes.However,three strains B.proteolyticus,B.thuringiensis,and B.ce-reus demonstrated significant(P＜0.01)chitin degradation activity on colloidal chitin.Enzyme ac-tivity assays revealed that chitinase activity ranged from 1.292 to 2.032 U/mL,with B.proteolytic-us exhibiting the highest activity 2.032 U/mL,followed by B.cereus 1.496 U/mL and B.thuring-iensis 1.324 U/mL.This study provides a foundation for further research and application of chiti-nase-producing Bacillus strains.

The biological activity of chitinase in degrading chitin has garnered extensive attention,particularly for its potential applications in biological control.This study utilized four spore-form-ing Bacillus strains isolated from Dermacentor nuttalli ticks collected in the Hulunbuir region.Traditional bacterial culture methods were employed for isolation and identification,followed by 16S rRNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the purified cultures.chitin-hydrolyzing strains were screened using colloidal chitin plates,and specific chitinase genes were detected via PCR.Fer-mentation was conducted at 37.0 ℃ for 4 d,and the supernatants were subjected to enzyme activity analysis using the DNS method.Four Gram-positive Bacillus strains were successfully isolated from tick tissue samples,they were identified as B.proteolyticus,B.paramycoides,B.thuringien-sis,and B.cereus,and renamed IMH/B-1,IMH/P-1,IMH/T-1,and IMH/C-1,respectively.PCR a-nalysis detected chitinase genes in B.proteolyticus and B.thuringiensis,while B.cereus and B.pa-ramycoides lacked these genes.However,three strains B.proteolyticus,B.thuringiensis,and B.ce-reus demonstrated significant(P＜0.01)chitin degradation activity on colloidal chitin.Enzyme ac-tivity assays revealed that chitinase activity ranged from 1.292 to 2.032 U/mL,with B.proteolytic-us exhibiting the highest activity 2.032 U/mL,followed by B.cereus 1.496 U/mL and B.thuring-iensis 1.324 U/mL.This study provides a foundation for further research and application of chiti-nase-producing Bacillus strains.

Objective:To investigate the design of a process indicator for anesthesia induction and its feasibility for a self-directed simulation-based teaching system, and to provide an efficient information technology-based teaching tool that enhances the quality of independent learning and training for anesthesiologists.Methods:Big data derived from electronic medical records were used for the design of the process indicator. Specifically, the design incorporated the coefficients of variations for three hemodynamic features, namely, systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, and heart rate after anesthesia induction. This approach aimed to characterize the quality of anesthesia management. A survey questionnaire was designed and administered to 23 anesthesiologists-in-charge or those with higher positions. These anesthesiologists evaluated the outcomes of anesthesia in 30 cases, thereby investigating the feasibility of the proposed indicators and potential future applications. Analysis of variance and correlation analysis were performed using SPSS 24.0 software, with a significance level set at α=0.05. Results:Based on the range of values for the process indicator of anesthesia induction, five groups were defined: stable, relatively stable, moderately stable, relatively unstable, and unstable. There were significant intergroup differences in the anesthesiologists' ratings, with an F value of 250.66 ( P<0.001), indicating that the integrated coefficient of variation (ICV) effectively discriminated stability levels between groups. The designed indicator showed a significant correlation with the average ratings of the anesthesiologists, with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.886 ( P<0.05). This further indicated the great consistency between the proposed indicator and anesthesiologists' judgments. Conclusions:The process indicator for anesthesia induction proposed in this study serves as a feasible measure for assessing the stability of anesthesia. It can be applied in a self-directed simulation-based teaching system, offering new insights and methods for promoting the training and learning of anesthesiologists.

Objective:To investigate the design of a process indicator for anesthesia induction and its feasibility for a self-directed simulation-based teaching system, and to provide an efficient information technology-based teaching tool that enhances the quality of independent learning and training for anesthesiologists.Methods:Big data derived from electronic medical records were used for the design of the process indicator. Specifically, the design incorporated the coefficients of variations for three hemodynamic features, namely, systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, and heart rate after anesthesia induction. This approach aimed to characterize the quality of anesthesia management. A survey questionnaire was designed and administered to 23 anesthesiologists-in-charge or those with higher positions. These anesthesiologists evaluated the outcomes of anesthesia in 30 cases, thereby investigating the feasibility of the proposed indicators and potential future applications. Analysis of variance and correlation analysis were performed using SPSS 24.0 software, with a significance level set at α=0.05. Results:Based on the range of values for the process indicator of anesthesia induction, five groups were defined: stable, relatively stable, moderately stable, relatively unstable, and unstable. There were significant intergroup differences in the anesthesiologists' ratings, with an F value of 250.66 ( P<0.001), indicating that the integrated coefficient of variation (ICV) effectively discriminated stability levels between groups. The designed indicator showed a significant correlation with the average ratings of the anesthesiologists, with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.886 ( P<0.05). This further indicated the great consistency between the proposed indicator and anesthesiologists' judgments. Conclusions:The process indicator for anesthesia induction proposed in this study serves as a feasible measure for assessing the stability of anesthesia. It can be applied in a self-directed simulation-based teaching system, offering new insights and methods for promoting the training and learning of anesthesiologists.

Objective Through the visual analysis of the literature about the psychological distress in core journals of the Web of Science database for improving the quality of life of clinical patients and providing the reference for formulating targeted nursing measures. Methods CiteSpace V information visualization software was used to visualize and analyze 854 articles on psychological distress in the field of nursing from January 1,2008 to December 31,2017 in core journals of the Web of Science database, and draw knowledge graph about research hotspots and research frontier. Results In the recent decade, the number of psychological distress research in the field of nursing in SCI has generally risen; the research focuses on the key words of depression, stress, breast cancer, anxiety and so on;the United States issued the highest volume of documents, mainland China ranked fifth, China Taiwan ranked seventh in core journals of the Web of Science database. Conclusion Chinese research on psychological distress in the field of nursing is still lagging behind western developed countries, and nursing staff in China should work hard.