Countries in the Southeast Asian region have revised their national food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) in response to the public health and nutrition priorities. As a continuous effort to facilitate regional networking, the Southeast Asia Public Health Nutrition Network publishes this review as an update of its previous publication in 2016. This review provides an updated descriptive overview of current FBDGs for the general adult population in Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam. It summarises and compares commonalities and differences in key dietary messages and visual communication tools across countries. The findings indicate strong regional alignment on core dietary recommendations, including consuming a balanced and varied diet with foods from all food groups, prioritising vegetables and fruits, prioritising minimally processed grains or whole grains starchy staples, practising moderation in protein intake from both animal and plant sources, limiting foods high in fats/oils, sugar and salt, being physically active and maintaining a healthy body weight. Pictorial food guides, such as food pyramids and healthy plates, are widely used, with variations in design that reflect cultural contexts to enhance public understanding. While countries acknowledge the importance of FBDGs, effective dissemination and adoption remain challenging due to limited resources, weak cross-sectoral collaboration, and unsupportive food environments. This review highlights the need for stronger communication strategies, improved understanding of consumer barriers, systematic monitoring and evaluation, inclusion of guidance on away-from-home meals, strengthened multi-stakeholder collaboration across the food supply chain, and enhanced regional collaboration to support effective FBDGs implementation in Southeast Asia.

Adoption of the prostatic urethral lift (PUL) as a treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia highlights the importance of training residents with novel technology without compromising patient care. This study examines the effect of resident involvement during PUL on patient and procedural outcomes. Retrospective chart review was conducted on all consecutive PUL cases performed by a single academic urologist between October 2017 and November 2019. Trainees in post-graduate year (PGY) 1-3 are considered junior residents, while those in PGY 4-6 are senior residents. The International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and quality of life (QOL) scores were used to measure outcomes. Simple and mixed-effects linear regression models were used to compare differences. There were 110 patients with a median age of 66.4 years. Residents were involved in 73 cases (66.4%), and senior residents were involved in 31 of those cases. Resident involvement was not associated with adverse perioperative outcomes with respect to the number of implants fired, the percentage of implants successfully placed, or the postoperative catheterization rate. After adjustment for confounding factors, junior residents were associated with significantly longer case length compared to the attending alone (+12.6 min, P = 0.003) but senior residents were not (+2.4 min, P = 0.59). IPSS and QOL scores were not significantly affected by resident involvement (P = 0.12 and P = 0.21, respectively). The presence of surgeons-in-training, particularly those in the early stages, prolongs PUL case length but does not appear to have an adverse impact on patient outcomes.
Aged ; Humans ; Internship and Residency/statistics & numerical data* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostate/surgery* ; Prostatic Hyperplasia/surgery* ; Quality of Life/psychology* ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Ureteroscopy/statistics & numerical data*