Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of autoimmune disease with dual seropositive antibodies of leucine-rich glioma inactivated 1(LGI1)and contactin-associated protein 2(Caspr2).Methods The clinical data of seven patients with dual seropositive LGI1 and Caspr2 antibodies who were admitted to the Neurology Department of Peking Union Medical College Hospital from July 2014 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed.Results Central,peripheral and autonomic nervous systems were all involved in the seven cases;100%(7/7)presented with insomnia,myokymia,neuropahic pain and hyperhydrosis;71%(5/7)showed memory decline or psychiatric and behavioral symptoms;57%(4/7)had urinary hesitation or constipation;and 43%(3/7)had seizure.Electromyography showed 100%(6/6) of the patients had prolonged afterdischarges following normal M waves and/or abnormal spontaneous firing.Electroencephalography revealed slow waves or basic rhythm slowing in 71%(5/7)of patients.Electrocardiography showed sinus tachycardia,axis deviation,and prolonged QT intervals in 71%(5/7)of patients.One patient died from arrhythmia before immunotherapy.One died from pulmonary infection after immunotherapy.Improvement with immunotherapy was documented in the other five cases.No relapse was noted during the 1-2-year follow-up.Conclusions Autoimmune disease with dual seropositive antibodies of LGI1 and Caspr2 can diffusely affect the central,peripheral,and autonomic nervous systems.The possibility of this disease should be considered in patients with acute and subacute onset of neuropsychiatric symptoms,especially in patients with accompanying insomnia,myokymia,and hyperhydrosis.
Autoantibodies ; blood ; Autoimmune Diseases ; immunology ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins ; immunology ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; immunology ; Proteins ; immunology ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo compare the efficacy of Kirschner wire tension band with hole and common Kirschner wire tension band in the treatment of olecranon fractures in adults, so as to guide the selection of clinical surgical procedures.

METHODSFrom July 2011 to October 2015, a total of 49 patients with olecranon fractures underwent open reduction and fixation with Kirschner wire tension band, which were retrospectively analyzed. Of the 49 patients, 21 patients(group A) were treated with Kirschner wire tension band with hole, including 12 males and 9 females, with an average age of(37.6 ±8.2) years old;28 patients(group B) were treated with common Kirschner wire, including 18 males and 10 females, with an average age of(38.9±7.3) years old. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in general data. The differences of operative duration, frequency of radiation, fracture healing time, complications and postoperative elbow function scores between the two groups were observed and analyzed by parallel statistical analysis.

RESULTSIn group A, the operative duration was(60.4±10.7) min, the average number of radiation times was (12.5±2.9); in group B, the operative duration was (62.3±11.8) min, and the average radiation times was(13.7±3.8); there was no significant difference in operative time and radiation times between the two groups (P >0.05). In group A, the fracture healing time was (13.2±2.6) weeks without K-wire migration, skin irritation and other complications; and fracture healing time in group B was(14.6±1.8) weeks with complications(K-wire migration in 6 cases, skin irritation in 7 cases, internal fixation failure in 2 cases);the fracture healing time of group A was shorter than that in group B. Evaluation of elbow joint function in two groups of patients after operation showed that in group A, pain score was 41.0±3.5, movement function score was 18.0±2.1, stability score was 9.0±0.8, daily activities score was 18.0±4.3, the total average score was 87.0±7.8; and in group B, the pain score was 39.0±5.6, movement function score was 17.0±3.2, the stability score was 8.0±2.4, daily activities score was 16.0±5.2, the total average score was 83.0±10.7. There were no statistically significant in the scores between the two groups.

CONCLUSIONSCompared with ordinary Kirschner wire, the treatment of olecranon fracture with Kirschner tension band with hole can shorten the time of fracture healing, significantly reduce the occurrence of complications, and do not affect the recovery of postoperative function, which is suitable for clinical use.

To develop a taste-masking oral preparation of azithromycin for pediatrics, the reversed lipid nano-micelle techniques were used to mask the bitterness of azithromycin. Dry emulsion (DE) for taste-masking was prepared by solidifying the reversed-micelle oil solution containing azithromycin. Colloidal silicon dioxide was used as absorbent and solid carrier. Solidification was confirmed through dying test and observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The DE formulation was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction and SEM in order to investigate the crystal state of drug. Reconstitution emulsion droplet size and morphology were also determined using Nano ZS90 Zetasizer and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The taste testing was performed in two different ways, namely, human taste panel test and the measurement of the amount of drug released in simulated oral cavity condition. The intestinal mucosal irritation test of DE formulation was also investigated in rats in comparison with commercial product (Zithromax). The optimal taste-masking formulation of azithromycin can be re-dispersed immediately with mean diameter of 530.1 nm after agitation in water. The results of taste testing showed that the bitterness of azithromycin was successfully masked by DE formulation similar with Zithromax at the same dose, moreover reduced intestinal irritation compared to Zithromax. These results indicate that the DE formulation for taste-masking of azithromycin is promising and valuable in the future development of azithromycin for pediatrics.

Thirteen compounds were isolated from the 95% aqueous EtOH extract of the rhizomes of Sophora tonkinensis by a combination of various chromatographic techniques including column chromatography over silica gel, Sphadex LH-20, MCI, ODS, and semi-preparative HPLC.Their structures were elucidated as 1-(6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]imidazol-3-yl)ethanone(1), cyclo(Pro-Pro)(2), nicotinic acid(3), p-hydroxybenzonic acid(4), p-methoxybenzonic acid(5), 4-hydroxymethyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol-1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(6), coniferin(7), syringin(8),(-)-secoisolariciresinol-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(9),(-)-syringaresinol-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(10),(-)-syringaresinol-4,4'-di-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(11),(-)-pinoresinol-4,4'-di-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(12), and(6S,9R)-roseoside(13) by their physicochemical properties and spectroscopic data.Compound 1 was a new naturalproduct, and compounds 2,5,6,9,10,12 and 13 were obtained from the Sophora genus for the first time.Compound 1 possessed moderate cytotoxic activity against A549 human tumor cell [IC₅₀（23.05 ± 0.46）μmol•L⁻¹].

Akebia trifoliate has been reported to have many pharmacological activities and the roots, petioles and seeds are used to different symptoms. However, the structure and anatomy of its seeds was almost not reported until now. In the present study, we investigated the morphological characters of the fruit and seed, and the anatomical characters of the testa, micropyle, embryo and endosperm, which could provide evidences for the study on classification, identification and application of A. trifoliate. Our results showed that the testa of A. trifoliate consisted of an epidermic cell layer, the sclerenchyma cells layer, the parenchyma cells layer and an innermost pigment layer. At the micropylar region, the outermost epidermal cells were specialized the white caruncle-like structure and the testa included a lot of lignified tissues. Endosperm comprises two layer cells. Outermost yellowish-brown layer cells contains lots of fat droplets, and innermost white layer cells contains lots of aleurone grains and crystalloids.
Germination ; Magnoliopsida ; anatomy & histology ; growth & development ; Seeds ; anatomy & histology ; growth & development

Brown ducks carrying DHBV were widely used as hepatitis B animal model in the research of the activity and toxicity of anti-HBV dugs. Studies showed that the ratio of DHBV carriers in the brown ducks in Guilin region was relatively high. Nevertheless, the characters of the DHBV genome of Guilin brown duck remain unknown. Here we report the cloning of the genome of Guilin brown duck DHBV and the sequence analysis of the genome. The full length of the DHBV genome of Guilin brown duck was 3 027bp. Analysis using ORF finder found that there was an ORF for an unknown peptide other than S-ORF, PORF and C-ORF in the genome of the DHBV. Vector NTI 8. 0 analysis revealed that the unknown peptide contained a motif which binded to HLA * 0201. Aligning with the DHBV sequences from different countries and regions indicated that there were no obvious differences of regional distribution among the sequences. A fluorescence quantitative PCR for detecting DHBV was establishment based on the recombinant plasmid pGEM-DHBV-S constructed. This study laid the groundwork for using Guilin brown duck as a hepatitis B animal model.
Animals ; Base Sequence ; China ; epidemiology ; Cloning, Molecular ; Ducks ; Genome, Viral ; Hepadnaviridae Infections ; diagnosis ; veterinary ; virology ; Hepatitis B Virus, Duck ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Poultry Diseases ; diagnosis ; virology

Through analysis on sequencing of meridians and their muscle regions, their pertaining organs, run ning courses, linking and indications described in Zubi Shiyimai (Eleven Meridian of Foot and Hand), Yinyang Shiyimai (Eleven Meridian of Yinyang), Lingshu: Jingmai (Miraculous Pivot: Meridian) and Lingshu: Jinjing (Miraculous Pivot: Muscle Meridian), it is found that most of the indications of acupuncture in ancient time are symptoms of the muscle regions. 62.59% points of the national standard acupoints location close to tender points of the muscle regions, which indicates that the origin of early acupoints are tender points along the running courses of the muscle regions. Thus, it is concluded that meridians and their muscle regions have the same origin, which provides new train of thinking for a better comprehension of origin of meridians and collaterals.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; history ; China ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Meridians ; Muscles ; pathology ; Pain ; pathology ; Pain Management