Combined allergic rhinitis and asthma syndrome (CARAS) is one of the common chronic airway inflammatory diseases in children. With the development of epigenetics, research on CARAS has gradually extended from protein levels to molecular levels, such as transcription and post-transcriptional regulation. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation and ferroptosis have emerged as promising research hotspots in recent years, playing crucial roles in tumors, growth and development, and allergic diseases. This paper aims to summarize the characteristics of m6A and ferroptosis, along with their roles in the onset and progression of CARAS in children, thereby providing new insights and strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of childhood CARAS.
Humans ; Adenosine/physiology* ; Asthma/etiology* ; Ferroptosis ; Rhinitis, Allergic/etiology* ; Child

Objective:To explore the impact of PM 2.5 concentration in Shanghai on the incidence of allergic rhinitis（AR） in the population, and provide strategies for early warning and prevention of AR. Methods:Collect daily average concentrations of atmospheric pollutants monitored in Shanghai from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2019, and clinical data of AR patients from five hospitals in Shanghai during the same period. We used a time-series analysis additive Poisson regression model to analyze the correlation between PM 2.5 levels and outpatient attendance for AR patients. Results:During the study period, a total of 56 500 AR patients were included, and the daily average concentration of PM 2.5 was（35.28±23.07）μg/m³. There is a correlation between the concentration of PM 2.5 and the number of outpatient attendance for AR cases. There is a positive correlation between the daily average number of outpatient for AR and levels of PM 2.5 air pollution（（P<0.05）） . We found that every 10 μg/m³ increase in PM 2.5, the impact of on the number of AR visits was statistically significant on the same day, the first day behind, and the second day behind, with the strongest impact being the exposure on the same day. Every 10 μg/m³ increases in PM 2.5, the number of outpatient visits increased by 0.526% on the same day（95%CI 1.000 50-1.010 04）. Conclusion:The atmospheric PM 2.5 concentration in Shanghai is positively correlated with the number of outpatient for AR, and PM 2.5 exposure is an independent factor in the onset of AR. This provides an important theoretical basis for AR.
Humans ; Particulate Matter/analysis* ; Air Pollutants/adverse effects* ; Incidence ; China/epidemiology* ; Air Pollution/adverse effects* ; Rhinitis, Allergic/etiology*

Exposure to traffic-related air pollutants(TRAP)has been implicated in airway allergic diseases.Recent findings include epidemiologic and mechanistic studies that shed new light on the impact of TRAP on allergic rhinitis(AR)and the biology underlying this impact.These studies have found that oxidative stress induced by TRAP could affect the axis of epithelial cell-dendritic cell-T cell towards a T-helper 2 immune response,which is the major mechanism between TRAP and AR.Further,epigenetics and microRNA might be involved in this process.Our review will summarize the most recent findings in each of these areas.
Air Pollutants ; toxicity ; Air Pollution ; Humans ; Oxidative Stress ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; etiology ; Vehicle Emissions ; toxicity

PURPOSE: The study aims to classify schools based on traffic pollutants and their complex sources, to assess the environment, to determine the state of allergic diseases among students using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in children (ISAAC) questionnaire, and to assess their connection to air pollutants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of seven schools were divided into three categories according to the characteristics of their surrounding environments: three schools in traffic-related zones, two schools in complex source zones I (urban), and two schools in complex source zones II (industrial complex). ISAAC questionnaires were administered and the 4404 completed questionnaires were analyzed. RESULTS: The frequency of asthma treatment during the past 12 months showed a significant increase (p<0.05) with exposure to NO2 [1.67, 95% confidence intervals (CIs) 1.03-2.71] in the complex source zones. The frequency of allergic rhinitis treatment during the past 12 months increased significantly with exposure to Black Carbon (1.60, 95% CIs 1.36-1.90) (p<0.001), SO2 (1.09, 95% CIs 1.01-1.17) (p<0.05), NO2 (1.18, 95% CIs 1.07-1.30) (p<0.01) for all subjects. CONCLUSION: In terms of supporting children's health, care, and prevention related to major spaces for children, such as school zones, spaces used in coming to and leaving school, playgrounds, and classrooms are essential to ensuring not only the safety of children from traffic accidents but also their protection from local traffic pollutants and various hazardous environmental factors.
Adolescent ; Air Pollutants/*adverse effects ; Air Pollution/*adverse effects ; Asthma/chemically induced/*epidemiology/*etiology ; Child ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; *Environmental Exposure ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/chemically induced/*epidemiology ; Schools ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Vehicle Emissions/analysis/toxicity

OBJECTIVE: To explore the relevance between nasal symptoms and laryngopharyngeal reflux disease in patients with allergic rhinitis. METHOD: Thirty patients of laryngopharyngeal reflux disease were diagnosed in ENT outpatient department in our hospital. All patients have symptoms of sneeze, nasal discharge as chief complaint and they responded no effect for other normal treatment for nasal-sinusitis at least three months. Orally before meals, a dose of 5 mg Mosapride citrate each time, three times a day for 7 days. Orally before meals, a dose of 20 mg Esomeprazole each time, two times a. day for 2-3 months. Nasal spray, one spray of azelastine hydrochloride once, two times a day for 2 month. RESULT: Laryngopharyngeal reflux symptom scores at four time points (the first visit, post treatment 15 days, 45 days, 75 days) were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance. There is a significant difference in four time points. CONCLUSION Laryngopharyngeal reflux disease has a strong association with allergic rhinitis. Patients who has allergic rhinitis nasal symptoms as chief complaint must be exclude, the laryngopharyngeal reflux disease first.
Benzamides ; therapeutic use ; Esomeprazole ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Laryngopharyngeal Reflux ; complications ; drug therapy ; Morpholines ; therapeutic use ; Phthalazines ; therapeutic use ; Pilot Projects ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; drug therapy ; etiology

Air Pollution ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; etiology

There are more than 50 000 workers in Jinchuan Group Co, Ltd (JNMC). Since all staff in JNMC are eligible for a medical examination every two years, only 23 484 nickel-exposed subjects who participated in medical examination were included in this study. Their data, collected from June 22, 2011 to September 28, 2012, in a comprehensive epidemiological survey and during medical examinations, permitted an extensive evaluation of the relation between metal exposure, gene, epigenetics and risk of human diseases. Their lifestyle investigation showed that the overall prevalence of current smokers, alcohol drinkers, and tea drinkers was 39.1%, 19.7%, and 55.2%, respectively. The prevalence of hypertension, allergic rhinitis and cholecystitis , the top 3 prevalent diseases, was 11.7%, 11.0%, and 8.9%, respectively.
Adult ; Aged ; Alcohol Drinking ; epidemiology ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; analysis ; China ; epidemiology ; Cholecystitis ; epidemiology ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Life Style ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; etiology ; mortality ; Nickel ; toxicity ; Occupational Exposure ; statistics & numerical data ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; epidemiology ; Smoking ; epidemiology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relative factors influencing olfactory dysfunction in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). METHOD: Visual analogue scale (VAS) was applied to measure the severity of olfactory dysfunction of 270 patients with CRS. Patients were divided into two groups, one was that the quality of life (QOL) of patients was affected by olfactory dysfunction (VAS > 5), the other was that without QOL affected by olfactory dysfunction (VAS ≤ 5). The association between age, gender, nasal polyps, allergic rhinitis, smoking history, early nasal surgery history and other clinical factors, and serum total IgE level, peripheral blood eosinophil count, peripheral blood mononuclear cell count and olfactory dysfunction was analyzed. RESULT: The number of patients with nasal polyps, allergic rhinitis, previous nasal surgeries, the level of serum total IgE, and the severity of edema were significantly increased in patients with impaired QOL associated with olfactory dysfunction (P < 0.05). Sex distribution, age, smoking history, deviation of nasal septum, eosinophil and mononuclear cell count did no statistically differ between the groups with and without impaired QOL associated with olfactory dysfunctions (P > 0.05). Serum total IgE increased (OR = 1.003, P < 0.01) and severe edema (OR = 2.483, P < 0.01) were the risk factors for the impairment of olfactory function, more notably for edema; whereas previous nasal surgeries was a protective factor (OR = 0.408, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Sever edema and increased serum total IgE are risk factors, whereas previous nasal surgeries history is a protective factor for the olfactory dysfunction.
Chronic Disease ; Female ; Humans ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; Male ; Nasal Polyps ; Olfaction Disorders ; etiology ; Quality of Life ; Rhinitis ; complications ; immunology ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; complications ; immunology ; Risk Factors ; Sinusitis ; complications ; immunology ; Smell ; Smoking ; adverse effects

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to find out the impact of micro-ecological environment on the incidence of allergic rhinitis after developing a model of allergic rhinitis on mice. METHOD: Sixty mice were randomly divided into GF group (n=30) and SPF group (n=30). Mice of GF group were fed in the germ-free environment and mice of SPF group were fed in the specific pathogen-free environment. Then each group were randomly divided into model group (20 mice) and control group (10 mice). Establish allergic rhinitis model in the mice of model group using ovalbumin (OVA) at the age of 6 weeks, observe and score the corresponding symptoms and signs that could been induced. Stain with hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining method for nasal mucosa to observe the morphological changes. Using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay to detect the concentration of IgE, IFN-γ and IL-4 in the peripheral blood serum. RESULT: The chi square test showed that the incidence of allergic rhinithis in the mice of GF group was significantly higher than that in the SPF group (P< 0. 05). HE staining showed that the nasal mucosas of allergic rhinitis positive reaction mice were highly congestive and edematous and had a large number of inflammatory cell infiltration, while there was no abnormal morphology of nasal mucosas in mice with no allergic rhinitis reaction. EOS counting displayed that the number of eosinophilic cells in nasal mucosa of positive allergic rhinitis reaction mice was increased significantly. The concentration of IgE and IL-4 in the serum of positive allergic rhinitis reaction mice was highly increased (P <0. 05), and IFN-γ was significantly decreased (P< 0.05). CONCLUSION The difference of micro-ecological environment may play a key role in the occurrence of allergic rhinitis in mice.
Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Environment ; Incidence ; Interleukin-4 ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Nasal Mucosa ; Ovalbumin ; Rhinitis ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; etiology

OBJECTIVE: To explore the olfactory abilities in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR), analyze the correlation between olfactory bulb (OB) volume with depth of olfactory sulcus (OS) and olfactory function in patients with AR. METHOD: One hundred patients with AR were compared with one hundred controls in terms of olfactory function T&T testing, OB volume and depth of OS assessed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). T&T testing and MRI were done after a year in 100 AR patients,the results were compared with the initial results. RESULT: The OB volume in AR patients was (29.53±3.95) mm3 on the left, (29.67±14.21)mm3 on the right, (29.61±4.05) mm3 on average; The OB volume in controls was (48.93±6.73)mm3 on the left side, (48.81±7.43)mm3 on the right side, (48.85±7.11)mm3 on average; The OB volume in AR patients was less then the control group(t= 6.321, 6.141, 6.221, P<0.01). The OS depth had no statistical difference between AR patients and controls (t=1.032, 0.972, 0.991, P>0.05). Olfactory discriminate threshold was negatively correlated with OB volume in AR patients (r=-0.46, P<0.05); and it was no correlated with depth of OS (r=-0.012,P>0.05). Among 100 followed-up AR patients, 43 showed increased in OB volume and olfactory function after a year, but there was no statistical difference (t= 0. 811,0. 843, 0.826, P>0.05; Z=1.911, P>0.05) ,and the other 57 showed no significant changes of OB volume and olfactory function. CONCLUSION In AR patients, the OB volume and olfactory function decreased, but the depth of OS had no significant changes. The OB volume is correlated with olfactory function, while the depth of OS is no correlated with olfactory function. Conservative treatment had some clinical significance on the recovery of olfactory function in patients with AR.
Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Olfaction Disorders ; etiology ; Olfactory Bulb ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Prefrontal Cortex ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; complications ; Smell