Objective: To analyze the equity of national stomatologist resource allocation from 2016 to 2020, providing relevantly referenced basis for further stomatologist resource allocation. Methods: Collect data of domestic and international stomatologist resources in 2016, 2018 and 2020, and analyze the relevant data by using the health resources agglomeration degree and population agglomeration degree. Results: At present, at the international level, the number of dentists per 10 000 people ranks 46th in 2010-2019. The quantity of domestic dental resources is on the rise, with a balanced gender distribution and a concentrated age distribution mainly in 25-44 years old. At the specialized technical level, the proportion of junior titles can reach 79.5%-83.0%. The ratio of resource agglomeration of dental practitioners and assistants calculated based on geographical area and population density shows that the ratio of HRAD to PAD in the eastern provinces is greater than 1, while the ratios of most provinces in the central and western regions are less than 1. The eastern regions have excessive allocations, while ones in the central and western regions are insufficient. Conclusions: Unfairness still exists in the allocation of resources for dentists in China. At the national level, it is necessary to continue to cultivate high-quality stomatologists and intensify efforts to support the grass-roots and remote areas. The ability, quality and work competence of on-the-job personnel should be comprehensively improved. Multi-point practice of stomatologists should be standardized and popularized, promoting the rational flow of oral health personnel.
Humans ; Adult ; Dentists ; Professional Role ; Health Resources ; Resource Allocation ; China

Objective: To study the quantity, structure and allocation equity of stomatologists, in order to provide bases and advices for improving the allocation of stomatologists in China. Methods: On the basis of data from China Health Statistics Yearbooks and Brief Book of Administrative Divisions of the People's Republic of China, the general situation of stomatologists was analyzed by descriptive analysis. Gini coefficient was used to evaluate the allocation equity in 2010 and 2020. Results: The total number of stomatologists reached 2 780 hundred in 2020, which increased by 150.5% compared with that in 2010. The overall quality structure of stomatologists had improved. The gender proportion was balanced and the age distribution was reasonable. The team was mainly composed by the young people, in which the numbers under 44 years old accounted for 71.6% (1 991 hundred/2 780 hundred). The proportion of personnel with senior professional titles decreased to 7.9% (220 hundred/2 780 hundred) while the total number increased to 220 thousand. The distribution of stomatologists by population was fair. Gini coefficients of the whole country as well as the eastern, central and western regions were less than 0.3. Conclusions: The quantity, quality and allocation equity of stomatologists were still insufficient in China. It is necessary to optimize the human resources allocation for stomatologists. It is suggested to increase the talents supply through supply-side reform, medicine-education collaboration and multi-agent participation. And it is suggested to optimize criterions to improve the quality of stomatologists.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Humans ; China ; Resource Allocation ; Oral Medicine ; Dentists/supply & distribution*

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the current status and evaluate the equity of health human resource allocation for echinococcosis control in Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province, so as to provide the empirical evidence for optimizing the health human resource allocation for echinococcosis control. METHODS: A questionnaire survey was performed to collect the numbers of health human sources for echinococcosis control, including health workers, healthcare professionals, certified/assistant physicians and registered nurses, per 1 000 permanent residents, per 1 000 m², per 1 000 residents screened using Bmode ultrasonography and per 1 000 echinococcosis patients in two highly endemic counties and three lowly endemic counties in Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province from 2016 to 2019. The equity of health human resource allocation for echinococcosis control was evaluated by permanent residents and geographical areas using Lorenz curve and Gini index in Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture from 2016 to 2019. RESULTS: The numbers of health workers, healthcare professionals, certified/assistant physicians and registered nurses per 1 000 permanent residents, per 1 000 permanent residents, per 1 000 m², per 1 000 residents screened using B-mode ultrasonography and per 1 000 echinococcosis patients were 0.99-, 1.06-, 1.78- and 1.88-fold; 3.38-, 3.67-, 6.00- and 6.00-fold; 1.64-, 1.74-, 3.22- and 3.18-fold; and 64.92-, 70.39-, 139.34- and 117.44-fold more in lowly endemic counties than in highly endemic countries in Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province, 2019. The Gini indexes of health human resource allocation for echinococcosis control were 0.371 to 0.397 by permanent residents and 0.477 to 0.591 by geographical areas in Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture from 2016 to 2019, and the Gini indexes (0.469 to 0.730) for allocation of certified/assistant physicians and registered nurses were both higher than those of health workers and healthcare professionals (0.302 to 0.451) by both permanent residents and geographical areas. CONCLUSIONS The health human resource allocation for echinococcosis control showed general equity by permanent residents and poor equity by geographical areas in Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province from 2016 to 2019.
China/epidemiology* ; Echinococcosis/epidemiology* ; Health Personnel ; Health Workforce ; Humans ; Resource Allocation ; Ultrasonography

Objectives: The purpose of the study is to determine the level of rationing of nursing care and its relationship to nurses' perception of their practice environment.

Methods: The study employed a descriptive, cross-sectional study design. The Basel Extent of Rationing of Nursing Care (BERNCA) was administered to assess the level of care rationing while the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index (PES-NWI) was used to describe nurses' practice environment. A total of 147 nurses participated in the study. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to determine the effect of various respondent characteristics and nurse practice environment on care rationing.

Results: Only practice environment total score was significantly associated with rationing of care total scores (B = -0.20, p < 0.05). Results of the regression show that for every unit increase in nurse practice environment total score, indicating a better work environment, there is a 0.20 unit decrease in rationing of nursing care total score, which indicated less rationing of care. Respondent characteristics are not significantly related.

Conclusion: Nurses most frequently rationed tasks in the areas of caring/support and monitoring. The less frequently rationed tasks involved medical, technical, and therapeutic aspects of care. The identification of rationing predictors can aid in determining starting points for hospital policy reforms. Prevalence levels can indicate when care rationing exceeds identified thresholds, if any. Nursing administrators can use implicit rationing of nursing care as a crucial indicator of the impact of strategies and changes in the nurse practice environment (e.g., changes in staffing levels, skill mix, and other resources).

Key Words: Health Care Rationing, Health Facility Environment, Nursing Care

Mental fatigue is the subjective state of people after excessive consumption of information resources. Its impact on cognitive activities is mainly manifested as decreased alertness, poor memory and inattention, which is highly related to the performance after impaired working memory. In this paper, the partial directional coherence method was used to calculate the coherence coefficient of scalp electroencephalogram (EEG) of each electrode. The analysis of brain network and its attribute parameters was used to explore the changes of information resource allocation of working memory under mental fatigue. Mental fatigue was quickly induced by the experimental paradigm of adaptive N-back working memory. Twenty-five healthy college students were randomly recruited as subjects, including 14 males and 11 females, aged from 20 to 27 years old, all right-handed. The behavioral data and resting scalp EEG data were collected simultaneously. The results showed that the main information transmission pathway of the brain changed under mental fatigue, mainly in the frontal lobe and parietal lobe. The significant changes in brain network parameters indicated that the information transmission path of the brain decreased and the efficiency of information transmission decreased significantly. In the causal flow of each electrode and the information flow of each brain region, the inflow of information resources in the frontal lobe decreased under mental fatigue. Although the parietal lobe region and occipital lobe region became the main functional connection areas in the fatigue state, the inflow of information resources in these two regions was still reduced as a whole. These results indicated that mental fatigue affected the information resources allocation of working memory, especially in the frontal and parietal regions which were closely related to working memory.
Adult ; Aged ; Brain ; Female ; Frontal Lobe ; Humans ; Male ; Memory, Short-Term ; Mental Fatigue ; Resource Allocation ; Young Adult

COVID-19/prevention & control* ; Communicable Disease Control ; General Surgery/organization & administration* ; Guidelines as Topic ; Health Care Rationing ; Health Services Needs and Demand ; Health Workforce ; Humans ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Singapore/epidemiology* ; Surgical Procedures, Operative ; Triage

COVID-19 has spread globally, infecting and killing millions of people worldwide. The use of operating rooms (ORs) and the post-anaesthesia care unit (PACU) for intensive care is part of surge response planning. We aim to describe and discuss some of the practical considerations involved in a large tertiary hospital in Singapore. Firstly, considerations for setting up a level III intensive care unit (ICU) include that of space, staff, supplies and standards. Secondly, oxygen supply of the entire hospital is a major determinant of the number of ventilators it can support, including those on non-invasive forms of oxygen therapy. Thirdly, air flows due to positive pressure systems within the OR complex need to be addressed. In addition, due to the worldwide shortage of ICU ventilators, the US Food and Drug Administration has granted temporary approval for the use of anaesthesia gas machines for patients requiring mechanical ventilation. Lastly, planning of logistics and staff deployment needs to be carefully considered during a crisis. Although OR and PACU are not designed for long-term care of critically ill patients, they may be adapted for ICU use with careful planning in the current pandemic.
COVID-19/therapy* ; Critical Care/organization & administration* ; Critical Illness ; Health Care Rationing/organization & administration* ; Health Resources/organization & administration* ; Health Services Accessibility/organization & administration* ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units/organization & administration* ; Operating Rooms/organization & administration* ; Pandemics ; Respiration, Artificial ; Singapore/epidemiology* ; Tertiary Care Centers/organization & administration*

COVID-19/psychology* ; Child ; Child Health ; Health Care Rationing ; Health Policy ; Health Services Accessibility ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Parents/psychology* ; Patient Acceptance of Health Care ; Singapore/epidemiology*

BACKGROUND: Professional affiliation between medical centers and professional sports teams can be mutually beneficial in the provision of healthcare and marketing strategy. Anecdotal evidence suggests a link between trauma volume and sporting events; however, there is limited data. This study aims to characterize the incidence of operative hand and facial trauma during professional baseball home games. METHODS: A retrospective review of surgical cases for traumatic hand or facial injuries at a level 1 center between 1999 and 2012 was performed. Demographic information including date of injury, admission status, and operative repair were collected. Patients were grouped based on whether their trauma occurred on the date of a home game. RESULTS: Operative hand and facial trauma occurred at a rate of 33.4 injuries per 100 days with home games, compared to 22.2 injuries per 100 days (incidence rate ratios, 1.50; 95% confidence interval, 1.34–1.69). When home games were played, patients were more likely to present as a result of motorcycle accidents (3.1% vs. 1.5%; P=0.04) or bicycle accidents (5.0% vs. 2.6%; P=0.01). Other mechanisms of trauma were not statistically different. There was an increase incidence of injuries during home games in August; weekly variability showed an increased incidence during the weekends. CONCLUSIONS: There was an increased rate of operative hand and facial injuries on dates with professional home games. The incidence of injuries during home games was higher in the late summer and on the weekends. Further analysis may allow improved resource allocation and strategies for injury prevention and treatment.
Baseball ; Delivery of Health Care ; Facial Injuries ; Hand Injuries ; Hand ; Humans ; Incidence ; Marketing ; Motorcycles ; Resource Allocation ; Retrospective Studies ; Sports ; Trauma Centers

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to achieve expert consensus for the evaluation of Emergency medical system operation fund (EMSOF) support projects using the Delphi method in Korea. METHODS: The Delphi study was performed in June 2018. Experts who are members of the policy committee of the Korean Society of Emergency Medicine (KSEM) participated in the study. Respondents were asked to express their level of agreement of appropriateness for the following 6 categories for 21 projects: project contents, amount of support, indicators, performance, overall evaluation, and need to maintain. With a possible score of 9 points, the project categories were classified into 3 groups, inappropriate, moderate and appropriate, based on the median score of the respondents' ratings in each question. RESULTS: Sixteen of the 18 policy committee members participated in the survey. Their average professional work years were 8.2 years. All 21 projects were evaluated as appropriate for content. Amount of support and indicators were evaluated as moderate. Only 5 out of the 21 projects were evaluated as having appropriate indicators. No projects were evaluated as ineffective. Comprehensive evaluation of the projects was evaluated as moderate, and no project was evaluated as inappropriate in fund support. CONCLUSION: Overall, the contents of the EMSOF assistance project were rated high; however, there was a disagreement on the amount of support and evaluation indicators for each project. The results of this study are expected to be used as basic data to improve the use of EMSOF.
Committee Membership ; Consensus ; Delphi Technique ; Emergencies ; Emergency Medicine ; Financial Management ; Korea ; Methods ; Resource Allocation ; Surveys and Questionnaires