3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) is a steroidogenic enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 3β-hydroxysteroids to 3-ketosteroids. Two different subtypes of human 3β-HSD, HSD3B1 and HSD3B2, have been cloned, with HSD3B2 primarily expressed in the testes. HSD3B2 exhibits 3β-HSD2 activity and is a dual-substrate enzyme that binds with co-factors NAD + and 3β-steroids. Many endocrine disruptors, including industrial compounds (phthalates, bisphenols, perfluoroalkyl substances, and benzophenones), pesticides and fungicides (organochlorine pesticides and organotins), food additives (butylated hydroxyanisole, resveratrol, gossypol, flavonoids and isoflavonoids, curcuminoids, and chalcones), and drugs (etomidate, mifepristone, and ketoconazole) inhibit testicular 3β-HSD, potentially interfering with androgen synthesis. In this review, we summarized the unique testicular subtypes of 3β-HSD, their genes, chemistry, subcellularity, location, and the endocrine disruptors that directly inhibit testicular 3β-HSD and their modes of inhibition, to provide reference for clinical research on androgen regulation methods and the development of androgen-targeted drugs.

3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) is a steroidogenic enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 3β-hydroxysteroids to 3-ketosteroids. Two different subtypes of human 3β-HSD, HSD3B1 and HSD3B2, have been cloned, with HSD3B2 primarily expressed in the testes. HSD3B2 exhibits 3β-HSD2 activity and is a dual-substrate enzyme that binds with co-factors NAD + and 3β-steroids. Many endocrine disruptors, including industrial compounds (phthalates, bisphenols, perfluoroalkyl substances, and benzophenones), pesticides and fungicides (organochlorine pesticides and organotins), food additives (butylated hydroxyanisole, resveratrol, gossypol, flavonoids and isoflavonoids, curcuminoids, and chalcones), and drugs (etomidate, mifepristone, and ketoconazole) inhibit testicular 3β-HSD, potentially interfering with androgen synthesis. In this review, we summarized the unique testicular subtypes of 3β-HSD, their genes, chemistry, subcellularity, location, and the endocrine disruptors that directly inhibit testicular 3β-HSD and their modes of inhibition, to provide reference for clinical research on androgen regulation methods and the development of androgen-targeted drugs.

Objective To investigate the values of nucleoprotein transformation in sperm for predicting recurrent abortion.Methods A total of 521 infertile couples with complete test indicators on fertility were selected from the reproductive medical clinic of our hospital from 2019 to 2022,among which the ages of the male were from 23 to 56 years old.The following factors causing recurrent abortion were excluded,including the age of woman,body mass index,metabolic disease,antiphospholipid syndrome,uterine and accessory abnormalities,history of caesarean section and intrauterine myoma/cervical conectomy,peripheral blood chromosome abnormalities of both the couple,and adverse life history,such as smoking/alcohol abuse.According to the abortion situation,they were divided into the recurrent abortion group(≥two spontaneous abortions),one spontaneous abortion group and no abortion group.Tukey's multiple comparison was performed to compare the differences of nucleoprotein transformation of sperm in each group by using GraphPad6.0 sta-tistical software.The Pearson method was used to analyze the correlation between nucleoprotein transformation and recurrent abortion.The predictive values of nucleoprotein transformation in recurrent abortion were analyzed by the parameters of sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value,Youden index and odd ratio.Results The percentages of abnormal nucleoprotein transformation in recurrent abortion group[(33.31±13.83)％]were significantly higher than those in non-abortion group[(26.85± 15.38)％]and the one abortion group[(28.20±12.50)％,P＜0.05].Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between abnormal nucleoprotein transformation and recurrent abortion.The sensitivity and specificity of nucleoprote-in transformation for predicting recurrent abortion were 45.24％and 73.64％,respectively.All of the data of positive predictive value(15.70％),negative predictive value(92.53％),Youden index(18.88％)and odd ratio(2.31)of nucleoprotein transformation in predicting recurrent abortion were higher than those of high DNA stainability(10.64％,90.31％,1.05％and 1.11).Conclusion In the spouses of patients with recurrent abortion,the immaturity of sperm nuclear protein is significantly increased and significantly posi-tively correlated with recurrent abortion.The abnormal nucleoprotein transformation of sperm may be the important factor of recurrent a-bortion in males,and it has high predictive value for recurrent spontaneous abortion in clinical practice.

Blotting, Western ; Cell Cycle Checkpoints ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Chaperonin 60 ; metabolism ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Mitochondria ; metabolism ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sirtuin 3 ; genetics ; metabolism

Objective To investigate rite effects of loag-term exposure to low-level sevoflurane on reproductive function in mice.Method F0ny male ICR mice,aged 60 d,weighlag 20-25 g,were randomly divided into 4 groups(n=10 each):control group received no sevoflunme(C);group S1-3 were exposed to 0.003%.0.01% and 0.03% sevoflurane 2 h per day for 5 consecutive days per week for 8 weeks respectively. The mice were then sacrificed at the end of the 8 weeks.The testes and epididymis were emoved and sampled for determination of the activities of total lactic dehydregenase(LDH)and lactic dehydrogenase-X(LDH-X),and the motility rate,amount,and aberration rate of sperm.Testicular uhrastructure were observed by transmission electron microscopy.Results The sperm motifity nne were significantly lower.the sperm aberration rate higher and the activity of LDH-X lower in group S3 than in group C(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference in the above parametem between group SI and group S2(P>0.05).The pathology changed of testes occurred only in group S3 among the 3 groups.Conclusion Long-term exposure to 0.03% sevoflurane can result in the abnormality of the reproductive function in male mice but exposure to≤0.01%sevoflurane dose not.