Objective To investigate the effects of modified radical mastectomy on the immune function,thyroid hormone and prognosis of patients with breast cancer.Methods From May 2019 to May 2022,153 patients with breast cancer who were clinically studied and followed up in the Qionghai People's Hospital were selected in this study.They were divided into control group(n=65)and study group(n=88).Traditional and modified radical mastectomies were applied in the control group and study group,respectively.Perioperative related indicators,immune function and thyroid hormones before surgery and one month after surgery,complications and prognosis within one year after surgery were compared between the two groups.Results The study group had shorter operating time and hospitalization time and less intraoperative bleeding than the control group(P＜0.05).Compared to before surgery,CD4+ T,CD4+/CD8+,natural killer(NK)cells in both groups were significantly decreased one month after surgery(P＜0.05),while CD8+ T cells were significantly increased(P＜0.05).The CD4+ T,CD4+/CD8+ and NK cell levels in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05),while CD8+ T cell level in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05).Compared to before surgery,triiodothyronine(T3),thyroxine(T4),free triiodothyronine(FT3)and free thyroxine(FT4)in both groups were significantly decreased one month after surgery(P＜0.05),while thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH)was significantly increased(P＜0.05).The levels of T3,T4,FT3 and FT4 in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05),while TSH in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05).The study group had lower incidence of complications,local recurrence rate,axillary lymph node recurrence rate,and distant metastasis rate and higher survival rate than the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Modified radical mastectomy can effectively shorten the operation time and hospital stay,decrease intraoperative bleeding,improve the immune function and thyroid hormone levels,reduce complications,and improve the prognosis and survival of patients with breast cancer.

Objective To observe the changes and significance of the protein expression levels of nuclear factor-κB p65 (NF-κB p65), transforming long factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and apoptosis-related factors Bcl-2 and Bax in myocardial tissue of Bama miniature pig model of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Methods Ten healthy male Guangxi Bama miniature pigs, aged 4 to 5 months old, were selected and divided into control group and model group according to the random number table method, with 5 pigs in each group. After 12 hours of fasting in the two groups, the DCM model was replicated by intravenous injection of streptozotocin (STZ) 150 mg/kg; for the Bama miniature pigs in the control group, citric acid-sodium citrate buffer 150 mg/kg was injected intravenously. After 10 months of modeling, the basic conditions of the two groups of animals were observed and their fasting blood glucose (FPG) levels were detected. The protein expression levels of NF-κB p65, TGF-β1, Bcl-2 and Bax in myocardial tissue of two groups were detected by Western Blot and the pathological changes of myocardial tissue were observed under electron microscope. Results In the model group, 4 models were successfully established, and 1 died. The model pigs had symptoms such as polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria and decreased body weight. The FPG level in the model group was significantly higher than that in the control group (mmol/L: 25.53±3.75 vs. 4.68±0.77, P < 0.01). Compared with the control group, the protein expression levels of NF-κB p65, Bax and TGF-β1 in the myocardial tissue of model group were significantly increased (NF-κB p65/GAPDH: 0.46±0.05 vs. 0.38±0.02, Bax/GAPDH: 0.46±0.01 vs. 0.35±0.01, TGF-β1/GAPDH: 0.39±0.01 vs. 0.33±0.01, all P < 0.05) and the expression level of Bcl-2 protein was significantly decreased (Bcl-2/GAPDH: 0.33±0.01 vs. 0.42±0.01, P < 0.01). Electron microscopy results showed that the myofibrils of myocardial tissue in the DCM model group were disordered, and the number of mitochondria in the gap was significantly reduced. A large number of mitochondria with vacuolar degeneration were observed. Conclusions The DCM model of Bama miniature pigs can be successfully replicated after 10 months of high-dose STZ disposable ear vein injection. The DCM model miniature pigs have obvious glucose metabolism disorder, and their myocardial tissue has inflammatory reaction, cardiomyocyte apoptosis and fibrosis.