Accommodative dysfunction, particularly accommodative lag, acts as a core hub connecting near work activity to myopic axial elongation. This review thoroughly explores the multidimensional biological mechanisms by which accommodative function drives axial growth. In addition to the classic pathway where hyperopic defocus signals induce retinal-choroidal-scleral biochemical remodeling, two other mechanisms are highlighted: a biomechanical pathway involving direct mechanical traction on the equatorial sclera caused by sustained ciliary muscle contraction, and a neural pathway where abnormal accommodative micro fluctuations degrade retinal image quality, thereby triggering abnormal ocular growth. Based on these comprehensive mechanisms, this paper systematically analyzes the principles of pharmacological(atropine), optical(orthokeratology, defocus lenses), and vision therapy interventions. Myopia progression results from the integrated regulation of optical defocus, mechanical stress, and neural dynamics. Future myopia control should advance toward precise, personalized combination strategies tailored to individual accommodative and genetic profiles.

Nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA), one of the most severe types of male infertility, etiology often remains unclear in most cases. Therefore, this study aimed to detect four biallelic detrimental variants (0.5%) in the minichromosome maintenance domain containing 2 ( MCMDC2 ) genes in 768 NOA patients by whole-exome sequencing (WES). Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) demonstrated that MCMDC2 deleterious variants caused meiotic arrest in three patients (c.1360G>T, c.1956G>T, and c.685C>T) and hypospermatogenesis in one patient (c.94G>T), as further confirmed through immunofluorescence (IF) staining. The single-cell RNA sequencing data indicated that MCMDC2 was substantially expressed during spermatogenesis. The variants were confirmed as deleterious and responsible for patient infertility through bioinformatics and in vitro experimental analyses. The results revealed four MCMDC2 variants related to NOA, which contributes to the current perception of the function of MCMDC2 in male fertility and presents new perspectives on the genetic etiology of NOA.
Humans ; Male ; Azoospermia/genetics* ; Meiosis/genetics* ; Spermatogenesis/genetics* ; Adult ; Exome Sequencing ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins/genetics* ; Alleles ; Infertility, Male/genetics*

Objective In this study,2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene(DNCB)was used to induce the establishment of an atopic dermatitis(AD)model in BALB/c homozygous mice to simulate the skin inflammatory complications in patients with clinical malignancies.Methods BALB/c mice were divided into different groups:negative control group(NC group),model group(MODEL group),atopic dermatitis group(AD group),and dexamethasone group(DEX group).After the mice in MODEL group and DEX group were inoculated with S-180 tumor cells in the axilla,MODEL group,AD group and DEX group were stimulated with DNCB on the dorsal skin and the ear to establish an animal model of atopic dermatitis in tumor-bearing mice.Changes in body weight were observed and recorded,the dorsal skin condition of mice was assessed after the last administration of the drug,the spleen was taken to calculate the spleen coefficient,the difference in the mass of mouse ear slices was determined to calculate the degree of auricular swelling and the rate of inhibition of swelling,and histopathological tests were performed on the dorsal skin tissues to detect the levels of IgE,TNF-α,IL-4,and IL-17 in the serum using an ELISA assay.Results Compared with the NC group,the skin of mice in the MODEL and AD groups showed erythematous,papular,scaly and mossy changes,accompanied by weight loss,and a significant increase in splenic coefficient and auricular swelling.Pathologic findings showed an incomplete skin structure,a significant increase in skin thickness,a large infiltration of inflammatory cells,and an increase in the number of mast cells.Serum levels of IgE,TNF-α,IL-4 and IL-17 were increased.Compared with the MODEL group,the DEX group showed an improvement in all the assays.Conclusions DNCB excitation can successfully establish an animal model of AD in hormonal mice,which is drug-controllable,which provides a useful scientific tool for conducting scientific research related to malignant tumors and skin inflammation.

Objective:To investigate whether killer immunoglobulin-like receptor(KIR)genotypes and haplotype are associated with the dry eye disease(DED)in a Chinese Han population.Methods:Polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers(PCR-SSP)method was used to genotype KIR genes in 106 DED patients and 220 healthy controls.Results:A total of 23 KIR geno-types were found in DED patients and healthy controls,including 10 newly discovered KIR genotypes.The genotype G and haplotype 4 were associated with respectively increased risk of DED(P=0.025,P=0.004);while the haplotype 2 appeared to have an inverse asso-ciation with the disease(P=0.016).The frequency of KIR genotype B/B in DED patients was also significantly higher than that in con-trol group(P=0.027).KIR haplotype A and B had distinctive centromeric(Cen)and telomeric(Tel)gene-content motifs,and the Cen-B/B was associated with increased risk of DED(P=0.037).Conclusion:There may be an association between KIR genotype and hap-loid type with DED in Han population.

Objective In this study,2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene(DNCB)was used to induce the establishment of an atopic dermatitis(AD)model in BALB/c homozygous mice to simulate the skin inflammatory complications in patients with clinical malignancies.Methods BALB/c mice were divided into different groups:negative control group(NC group),model group(MODEL group),atopic dermatitis group(AD group),and dexamethasone group(DEX group).After the mice in MODEL group and DEX group were inoculated with S-180 tumor cells in the axilla,MODEL group,AD group and DEX group were stimulated with DNCB on the dorsal skin and the ear to establish an animal model of atopic dermatitis in tumor-bearing mice.Changes in body weight were observed and recorded,the dorsal skin condition of mice was assessed after the last administration of the drug,the spleen was taken to calculate the spleen coefficient,the difference in the mass of mouse ear slices was determined to calculate the degree of auricular swelling and the rate of inhibition of swelling,and histopathological tests were performed on the dorsal skin tissues to detect the levels of IgE,TNF-α,IL-4,and IL-17 in the serum using an ELISA assay.Results Compared with the NC group,the skin of mice in the MODEL and AD groups showed erythematous,papular,scaly and mossy changes,accompanied by weight loss,and a significant increase in splenic coefficient and auricular swelling.Pathologic findings showed an incomplete skin structure,a significant increase in skin thickness,a large infiltration of inflammatory cells,and an increase in the number of mast cells.Serum levels of IgE,TNF-α,IL-4 and IL-17 were increased.Compared with the MODEL group,the DEX group showed an improvement in all the assays.Conclusions DNCB excitation can successfully establish an animal model of AD in hormonal mice,which is drug-controllable,which provides a useful scientific tool for conducting scientific research related to malignant tumors and skin inflammation.

Objective:To investigate whether killer immunoglobulin-like receptor(KIR)genotypes and haplotype are associated with the dry eye disease(DED)in a Chinese Han population.Methods:Polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers(PCR-SSP)method was used to genotype KIR genes in 106 DED patients and 220 healthy controls.Results:A total of 23 KIR geno-types were found in DED patients and healthy controls,including 10 newly discovered KIR genotypes.The genotype G and haplotype 4 were associated with respectively increased risk of DED(P=0.025,P=0.004);while the haplotype 2 appeared to have an inverse asso-ciation with the disease(P=0.016).The frequency of KIR genotype B/B in DED patients was also significantly higher than that in con-trol group(P=0.027).KIR haplotype A and B had distinctive centromeric(Cen)and telomeric(Tel)gene-content motifs,and the Cen-B/B was associated with increased risk of DED(P=0.037).Conclusion:There may be an association between KIR genotype and hap-loid type with DED in Han population.

Turning to critical illness is a common stage of various diseases and injuries before death. Patients usually have complex health conditions, while the treatment process involves a wide range of content, along with high requirements for doctor′s professionalism and multi-specialty teamwork, as well as a great demand for time-sensitive treatments. However, this is not matched with critical care professionals and the current state of medical care in China. Telemedicine, which shortens the distance of medical professionals and the gap of disease diagnosis and treatments in various regions through electronic information, can effectively solve the current problem. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a standardized, high-quality visualization telemedicine round system .Therefore, experts have been organized to search domestic and foreign literature on telemedicine round for critically ill patients and to form this consensus based on clinical experiences so as to further improve the level of critical care treatments in regions.

Turning to critical illness is a common stage of various diseases and injuries before death. Patients usually have complex health conditions, while the treatment process involves a wide range of content, along with high requirements for doctor′s professionalism and multi-specialty teamwork, as well as a great demand for time-sensitive treatments. However, this is not matched with critical care professionals and the current state of medical care in China. Telemedicine, which shortens the distance of medical professionals and the gap of disease diagnosis and treatments in various regions through electronic information, can effectively solve the current problem. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a standardized, high-quality visualization telemedicine round system .Therefore, experts have been organized to search domestic and foreign literature on telemedicine round for critically ill patients and to form this consensus based on clinical experiences so as to further improve the level of critical care treatments in regions.

Objective:The aim of this study is to explore the correlation among serum hepcidin,ferritin,and q-Dioxn MRI with upgrading,upstaging and biochemical recurrence in prostate cancer(PCa)patients.Methods:A total of 103 PCa patients di-agnosed by biopsy were selected for this study.All patients underwent q-Dixon MRI prior to biopsy for T2*value measurement.Then serum hepcidin and ferritin were measured before receiving radical prostatectomy.Pathological grading and staging were conducted both preoperatively and postoperatively.The correlations among hepcidin,ferritin,T2*values,and postoperative upgrading,upstaging,biochemical recurrence were subsequently analyzed.Results:The hepcidin level of PCa patients was measured at(123.51±23.03)ng/mL,while the ferritin level was recorded at(239.80±79.59)ng/mL,and the T2* value was(41.07±6.37)ms.A total of 49 and 36 cases were observed with upgrading and upstaging in postoperative pathology,respectively.The median follow-up duration was 28.0 months(6.0-38.0 months),during which biochemical recurrence was observed in 12 cases.For upgrading,hep-cidin and ferritin demonstrated the predictive efficacy,with areas under the ROC curve of 0.777 and 0.642,respectively,whereas T2*values did not show sufficient predictive power.For upstaging,hepcidin,ferritin,and T2*exhibited predictive efficacy,with areas under the ROC curve of 0.806,0.696,and 0.655,respectively.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis indicated that hepcidin served as an independent risk factor for both upgrading(OR 1.055,95％CI 1.027-1.085,P＜0.001)and upstaging(OR 1.094,95％CI 1.040-1.152,P＜0.001).Cox regression analysis showed that hepcidin(95％CI 1.000-1.052,P=0.049)was a sig-nificant risk factor for predicting biochemical recurrence.Conclusion:Hepcidin could serve as a predictor for pathological upgra-ding,upstaging and biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy,which provides a novel potential index for risk stratification and prognostic evaluation of PCa patients.

The functionalized bimetallic organic framework nanozyme (NiFe2-NMOFs) was prepared using solvothermal method for detection of sarcosine content in human urine. The experimental result showed that Fe and Ni were evenly distributed in the material,and Fe existed in the form of Fe2+/Fe3+,Ni existed in the form of Ni2+. Fe2+/Fe3+was the catalytic active center and Ni2+was the adsorption site. The matching of the two elements improved the catalytic activity of the reaction. The successful introduction of amino group induced defects in the structure,formed open accessible sites,and increased water solubility of the material. The NiFe2-NMOFs were proved to have peroxidase-like activity,and the Michaelis-Menten kinetics of NiFe2-NMOFs showd that the material had good kinetic performance and stability. Based on the fact that sarcosine could generate H2O2 under the catalysis of sarcosinase,and the sensing ability of NiFe2-NMOFs to H2O2,a cascade catalytic sensing system of NiFe2-NMOFs-sarcosine oxidase was constructed for detection of sarcosine content in human urine. This sensing system was used to detect sarcosine within the concentration range of 0.2-120μmol/L,with a good linear relationship,and a low detection limit of 0.17μmol/L. This sensing system showed high recoveries (94.1％-99.1％) and lower relative standard deviations (RSDs<5％) when used to detect actual urine samples. As a comparison to the natural peroxidase,this sensing system had better optimum temperature range and other advantages,showing good application prospects in bioanalysis.