Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common head and neck malignancy. Approximately 50% to 60% of patients with OSCC are diagnosed at a locally advanced stage (clinical staging III-IVa). Even with comprehensive and sequential treatment primarily based on surgery, the 5-year overall survival rate remains below 50%, and patients often suffer from postoperative functional impairments such as difficulties with speaking and swallowing. Programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) inhibitors are increasingly used in the neoadjuvant treatment of locally advanced OSCC and have shown encouraging efficacy. However, clinical practice still faces key challenges, including the definition of indications, optimization of combination regimens, and standards for efficacy evaluation. Based on the latest research advances worldwide and the clinical experience of the expert group, this expert consensus systematically evaluates the application of PD-1 inhibitors in the neoadjuvant treatment of locally advanced OSCC, covering combination strategies, treatment cycles and surgical timing, efficacy assessment, use of biomarkers, management of special populations and immune related adverse events, principles for immunotherapy rechallenge, and function preservation strategies. After multiple rounds of panel discussion and through anonymous voting using the Delphi method, the following consensus statements have been formulated: 1) Neoadjuvant therapy with PD-1 inhibitors can be used preoperatively in patients with locally advanced OSCC. The preferred regimen is a PD-1 inhibitor combined with platinum based chemotherapy, administered for 2-3 cycles. 2) During the efficacy evaluation of neoadjuvant therapy, radiographic assessment should follow the dual criteria of Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1 and immune RECIST (iRECIST). After surgery, systematic pathological evaluation of both the primary lesion and regional lymph nodes is required. For combination chemotherapy regimens, PD-L1 expression and combined positive score need not be used as mandatory inclusion or exclusion criteria. 3) For special populations such as the elderly (≥ 70 years), individuals with stable HIV viral load, and carriers of chronic HBV/HCV, PD-1 inhibitors may be used cautiously under the guidance of a multidisciplinary team (MDT), with close monitoring for adverse events. 4) For patients with a poor response to neoadjuvant therapy, continuation of the original treatment regimen is not recommended; the subsequent treatment plan should be adjusted promptly after MDT assessment. Organ transplant recipients and patients with active autoimmune diseases are not recommended to receive neoadjuvant PD-1 inhibitor therapy due to the high risk of immune related activation. Rechallenge is generally not advised for patients who have experienced high risk immune related adverse events such as immune mediated myocarditis, neurotoxicity, or pneumonitis. 5) For patients with a good pathological response, individualized de escalation surgery and function preservation strategies can be explored. This consensus aims to promote the standardized, safe, and precise application of neoadjuvant PD-1 inhibitor strategies in the management of locally advanced OSCC patients.

Objective:To investigate the affection of high mobility group nucleosome-binding protein 5(HMGN5) gene in the hepatocellular cancer tissue and HepG2 cell and its function in the growth of HepG2 cell.Methods:70 Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who under-went surgical resection and were confirmed by postoperative pathology in Sunshine Union Hospital of Weifang City from January 2017 to June 2020 were selected. Their clinical and pathological data, surgical resection of liver cancer tissue and adjacent normal liver tissue were collected, their survival time were also recorded. The contents of HMGN5 protein in the hepatocellular cancer tissues and adjacent normal liver tissues of 70 patients were detected by immunohistochemistry. Compare the expression of HMGN5 protein in liver cancer tissue and normal liver tissue and the positive expression rate of HMGN5 protein in liver cancer tissues of hepatocellular carcinoma patients with different clinical characteristics, to analyze the relationship between HMGN5 expression and prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.The mRNA contents of HMGN5 gene in HepG2 cells and HL-7702 cells were determined by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR) method. After transfectHepG2 cells with HMGN5 shRNA, the proliferation ability of HepG2 cells were evaluated by cell proliferation assay and the cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. Measurement data with normal distribution were expressed as ±s, two independent samples t test was used for comparison between groups. Counting data was expressed as n(%), χ2 test was used for comparison between groups. Survival analysis of patients was performed by Kaplan-Meier method. Results:Immunohistochemical tests showed that HMGN5 staining is strong in liver cancer tissue, but weak in normal liver tissue. HMGN5 protein expression was positive in 48 of 70 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. The positive expression rate of HMGN5 protein in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues of patients with pathological grade 3+4 and clinical stage Ⅲ+Ⅳ was higher than that of patients with grade 1+2 and stage Ⅰ+Ⅱ, respectively. There was no significant difference in cumulative survival rate between HMGN5 positive expression group and HMGN5 negative expression group ( χ2=3.81, P=0.051). The results of qRT-PCR showed that the expression level of HMGN5 mRNA in hepatoma HepG2 cells was higher than that in normal liver HL-7702 cells [(4.51±0.45) vs (1.35±0.27), the difference was statistically significant ( t=10.43, P=<0.001). After 24, 48 and 72h of the HMGN5 gene was knockout, the survival rate of HepG2 hepatoma cells was lower than that of HL-7702 hepatoma cells (all P<0.05) and the apoptosis rate of hepatoma HepG2 cells was higher than that of liver HL-7702 cells [(18.63±1.76)%vs(1.81±0.21)%] ,the difference was statistically significant ( t=16.44, P<0.001). Conclusions:HMGN5 genes and proteins are highly expressed in the hepatocellular cancer tissues and HepG2 cells. HMGN5 gene plays an important role in the growth of hepatocellular cancer and can be used as a potential target of treatment for hepatocellular cancer.

Under the current situation of "low prevalence and low infection" of schistosomiasis in China, and to provide a basis for achieving the goal of eliminating schistosomiasis by 2030 proposed by the Healthy China Action (2019 - 2030) as scheduled, the Hunan Provincial Corps Hospital of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force established a schistosomiasis monitoring and early warning index system based on the previous studies on schistosomiasis early warning index system and the recent literature analysis, combined with the current potential risk factors affecting the transmission and prevalence of schistosomiasis, and organized two rounds of expert consultation and carried out project promotion meetings. The experts reached a consensus on the comprehensiveness and practicability of the index system, aiming to lay a solid foundation for construction of China's schistosomiasis prevention and control early warning system.

Objective:To investigate the influencing factors and perinatal outcomes associated with monozygotic twins (MZT) following elective single embryo transfer (eSET) via in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection and embryo transfer (IVF/ICSI-ET). Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 12 079 patients who achieved pregnancy after undergoing IVF/ICSI-eSET at Reproductive Health Hospital of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University between January 2015 and September 2023. Patients were stratified into two groups based on ultrasound findings 30 d post-transfer: singleton pregnancy group and MZT pregnancy group. Finally, 300 MZT and 1 500 single pregnancies, which were randomly matched according to 1∶5 were included by study period. General patients' characteristics, embryo-related factors, and perinatal outcomes were compared between the two groups. A multivariate logistic regression model was employed to identify risk factors for MZT after single embryo transfer, adjusting for potential confounding variables.Results:The incidence of twin pregnancy following single embryo transfer was 2.48% (300/12 079), which was higher than that of naturally conceived monozygotic twin pregnancy. No significant difference was found in baseline characteristics between the two groups (all P>0.05). The blastocyst transfer rate was higher in the MZT pregnancy group [93.3% (280/300)] than in the singleton pregnancy group [88.8% (1 332/1 500), P=0.022]. Multivariate logistic regression analysis also showed that blastocyst transfer was associated with an increased risk of MZT ( OR=0.552, P=0.016, 95% CI: 0.341-0.894). Analysis of blastocyst cycles showed that the risk of MZT was higher when transferring high-quality blastocysts [79.6% (223/280) vs. 67.8% (903/1 332), P<0.001], where as a trophectoderm (TE) grading of C [20.4% (57/280) vs. 32.2% (429/1 332), P<0.001] had a lower risk of MZT. After adjusting for confounding factors, the risk of MZT was found to increase with the transfer of blastocysts with a B-grade inner cell mass (ICM) ( OR=0.601, P=0.001, 95% CI: 0.442-0.819) and A/B grade TE (grade A: OR=2.951, P<0.001, 95% CI: 1.980-4.399; grade B: OR=1.840, P<0.001, 95% CI: 1.315-2.576). The risk of complications during pregnancy [47.7% (143/300) vs. 19.3% (289/1 500), P<0.001], preterm labor [55.1% (140/254) vs. 7.4% (101/1 368), P<0.001], and the risk of stillbirth [3.7% (11/300) vs. 1.5% (22/1 500), P=0.016] were significantly higher in the MZT pregnancy group than in the singleton pregnancy group. Conclusion:Assisted reproductive technology may contribute to the risk of MZT. Transfer of blastocysts, particularly those with loose ICM arrangement and dense TE arrangement, appears to increase the risk of MZT in patients undergoing eSET.

Under the current situation of "low prevalence and low infection" of schistosomiasis in China, and to provide a basis for achieving the goal of eliminating schistosomiasis by 2030 proposed by the Healthy China Action (2019 - 2030) as scheduled, the Hunan Provincial Corps Hospital of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force established a schistosomiasis monitoring and early warning index system based on the previous studies on schistosomiasis early warning index system and the recent literature analysis, combined with the current potential risk factors affecting the transmission and prevalence of schistosomiasis, and organized two rounds of expert consultation and carried out project promotion meetings. The experts reached a consensus on the comprehensiveness and practicability of the index system, aiming to lay a solid foundation for construction of China's schistosomiasis prevention and control early warning system.

The working principle of Bausch&Lomb BL11110 phacoemulsification system was described.Three cases of typical faults of the phacoemulsification system were introduced,and the causes were analyzed,then the maintenance measures were given accordingly.References were provided for diagnosing and eliminating the faults of the phacoemulsification system.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(4):118-120]

Purpose To identify hepatocellular carcinoma that responds to repetitive transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE)based on CT radiomics.Materials and Methods A total of 96 patients diagnosed as hepatocellular carcinoma in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from February 2018 to May 2024 were randomly divided into a training group(n=67)and internal validation group(n=29)at a ratio of 7∶3.All patients received three or more TACE treatments.Radiomics features were extracted from lipiodol of the target-lesions by semi-automatic segmentation on the axial CT image after TACE within 24 hours.The radiomics model were constructed by five features for differentiating non-response group from response group.Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and decision curve were performed to evaluate the performance of the model.Results Child-Pugh classification(OR=2.737,P<0.05),BCLC stage(OR=2.907,P<0.05),multifocal tumors(OR=4.505,P<0.01)and alpha-fetoprotein(OR=1.002,P<0.01)were independent risk factors for predicting tumor response after TACE.The area under the curve of the non-contrast CT based model and the arterial-enhanced CT based model were 0.813 and 0.831 in the experimental group;0.748 and 0.788 in the validation group,respectively.Both of the two models showed good prediction performance.Conclusion The radiomics model based on CT imaging features after first TACE is effectively for differentiating non-response group from response group,lipiodol retention patterns from the target lesion can be the imaging biomarkers for TACE response prediction.

Objective:To investigate the affection of high mobility group nucleosome-binding protein 5(HMGN5) gene in the hepatocellular cancer tissue and HepG2 cell and its function in the growth of HepG2 cell.Methods:70 Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who under-went surgical resection and were confirmed by postoperative pathology in Sunshine Union Hospital of Weifang City from January 2017 to June 2020 were selected. Their clinical and pathological data, surgical resection of liver cancer tissue and adjacent normal liver tissue were collected, their survival time were also recorded. The contents of HMGN5 protein in the hepatocellular cancer tissues and adjacent normal liver tissues of 70 patients were detected by immunohistochemistry. Compare the expression of HMGN5 protein in liver cancer tissue and normal liver tissue and the positive expression rate of HMGN5 protein in liver cancer tissues of hepatocellular carcinoma patients with different clinical characteristics, to analyze the relationship between HMGN5 expression and prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.The mRNA contents of HMGN5 gene in HepG2 cells and HL-7702 cells were determined by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR) method. After transfectHepG2 cells with HMGN5 shRNA, the proliferation ability of HepG2 cells were evaluated by cell proliferation assay and the cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. Measurement data with normal distribution were expressed as ±s, two independent samples t test was used for comparison between groups. Counting data was expressed as n(%), χ2 test was used for comparison between groups. Survival analysis of patients was performed by Kaplan-Meier method. Results:Immunohistochemical tests showed that HMGN5 staining is strong in liver cancer tissue, but weak in normal liver tissue. HMGN5 protein expression was positive in 48 of 70 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. The positive expression rate of HMGN5 protein in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues of patients with pathological grade 3+4 and clinical stage Ⅲ+Ⅳ was higher than that of patients with grade 1+2 and stage Ⅰ+Ⅱ, respectively. There was no significant difference in cumulative survival rate between HMGN5 positive expression group and HMGN5 negative expression group ( χ2=3.81, P=0.051). The results of qRT-PCR showed that the expression level of HMGN5 mRNA in hepatoma HepG2 cells was higher than that in normal liver HL-7702 cells [(4.51±0.45) vs (1.35±0.27), the difference was statistically significant ( t=10.43, P=<0.001). After 24, 48 and 72h of the HMGN5 gene was knockout, the survival rate of HepG2 hepatoma cells was lower than that of HL-7702 hepatoma cells (all P<0.05) and the apoptosis rate of hepatoma HepG2 cells was higher than that of liver HL-7702 cells [(18.63±1.76)%vs(1.81±0.21)%] ,the difference was statistically significant ( t=16.44, P<0.001). Conclusions:HMGN5 genes and proteins are highly expressed in the hepatocellular cancer tissues and HepG2 cells. HMGN5 gene plays an important role in the growth of hepatocellular cancer and can be used as a potential target of treatment for hepatocellular cancer.

Objective To observe the value of ultrasonic parameters of diaphragm motion combined with BODE index for predicting acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods Eighty COPD patients were retrospectively collected and divided into stable group(n=45)and acute exacerbation group(n=35).Ultrasonic parameters of diaphragm motion,including diaphragm excursion(DE)under quiet breathing(QB)and deep breathing(DB),i.e.DEQB and DEDB were measured.The general data,ultrasound parameters of diaphragm motion,and BODE index scores were compared between groups.Then logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors which could be used to independently predict acute exacerbations of COPD.The predicting performance of ultrasound parameters of diaphragm motion,BODE index and their combination were evaluated with receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve and the area under the curve(AUC).Results Compared with stable COPD group,acute exacerbation group had higher BMI and BODE index scores(both P＜0.05),as well as larger DEQB but smaller DEDB(both P＜0.05).DEDB and BODE index were both independent predicting factors of acute exacerbation of COPD,while increased DEDB indicated decreased risk of acute exacerbation(OR[95％CI]=0.673[0.493,0.918],P＜0.05),whereas increased BODE index suggested higher risk(OR[95％CI]=3.678[1.061,12.746],P＜0.05).AUC for DEDB and BODE index alone for predicting acute exacerbation of COPD was 0.788 and 0.799,respectively,and of their combination was 0.979,significant higher than that of each alone(both P＜0.05).Conclusion Ultrasonic parameters of diaphragm motion could be used to evaluate diaphragm function in COPD patients.Combination of DEDB and BODE index had better performances in predicting acute exacerbation of COPD.

This consensus was developed by the Orthodontic Society of the Chinese Stomatological Association to provide a systematic, scientific, and practical guideline for informed consent in orthodontic care. Orthodontic treatment is typically lengthy, highly individualized, and involves multiple factors such as growth and development, occlusal function, and facial esthetics. Rapid technological advances and diverse risk profiles make the traditional reliance on orthodontist experience or institutional templates insufficient to ensure patients′ full understanding and autonomous decision-making. To address this, the expert panel conducted extensive reviews of domestic and international guidelines, analyzed representative dispute cases, and performed multicenter patient-clinician surveys. Using a multi-round Delphi method, the group established a standardized informed consent framework covering the initial consultation, treatment, and retention phases. The consensus emphasizes that informed consent is not only a fundamental legal and ethical requirement but also a key step in building trust, improving patient compliance, and enhancing treatment satisfaction. Orthodontists should clearly and comprehensively explain treatment plans, potential risks, uncertainties, and associated costs, while respecting the autonomy of patients or guardians, and maintain continuous communication and dynamic evaluation throughout the treatment process. The release of this consensus provides unified and authoritative guidance for clinical orthodontics, helping to standardize informed consent, enhance its transparency, safeguard patient rights, reduce medical risks, and promote high-quality, sustainable development of orthodontic practice.