Artificial intelligence (AI) integrated with time-lapse (TL) imaging for embryo selection significantly minimizes subjectivity and workload in traditional methods, marking a pivotal advancement in the realm of assisted reproductive technology. This review comprehensively summarizes the representative studies conducted in recent years within these domains and delves into the application of AI combined with TL imaging for embryo selection from three perspectives: data selection, model selection, and model evaluation. While AI research has yet to fully achieve automated embryo selection, it has already commenced assisting embryologists in annotating and selecting embryos to a considerable extent, thereby reducing subjective discrepancies and easing the workload. Existing software for oocyte quality scoring, embryo ploidy prediction, and transfer outcome forecasting has exhibited promising performance in studies. However, there remains an ongoing need for the development of high-quality datasets and the conduct of prospective, multicenter studies with large sample sizes across diverse devices. The evolution of AI combined with TL imaging in the field of embryo selection merits heightened attention from both clinicians and embryologists.

Parkinson disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a variety of motor and non-motor symptoms. Many studies have shown that the transmembrane protein 175 (TMEM175) gene may be a potential target for the treatment of PD and other neurodegenerative disorders, but the specific pathogenic mechanism remains unclear. TMEM175 is a lysosomal protein-coding gene that encodes a lysosomal proton channel protein. This article reviews the research advances in the characterization of the TMEM175 gene and its encoded proteins, the clinical features of mutant PD, and related pathogenic mechanism. It is shown that the TMEM175 gene has an impact on the pathogenesis of PD, and patients with different mutation sites tend to have different ages of onset and clinical features. Compared with the patients without TMEM175 mutations, the patients with TMEM175 mutations tend to have an earlier age of onset, more severe motor symptoms, and more susceptibility to cognitive impairment and non-motor symptoms. This article systematically reviews the TMEM175 gene, in order to assist in the early diagnosis of PD and the discovery of new disease-modifying therapies and treatment strategies.
Parkinson Disease

Artificial intelligence (AI) integrated with time-lapse (TL) imaging for embryo selection significantly minimizes subjectivity and workload in traditional methods, marking a pivotal advancement in the realm of assisted reproductive technology. This review comprehensively summarizes the representative studies conducted in recent years within these domains and delves into the application of AI combined with TL imaging for embryo selection from three perspectives: data selection, model selection, and model evaluation. While AI research has yet to fully achieve automated embryo selection, it has already commenced assisting embryologists in annotating and selecting embryos to a considerable extent, thereby reducing subjective discrepancies and easing the workload. Existing software for oocyte quality scoring, embryo ploidy prediction, and transfer outcome forecasting has exhibited promising performance in studies. However, there remains an ongoing need for the development of high-quality datasets and the conduct of prospective, multicenter studies with large sample sizes across diverse devices. The evolution of AI combined with TL imaging in the field of embryo selection merits heightened attention from both clinicians and embryologists.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of epigallocatechin gallate(EGCG)on 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP)-induced Parkinson's disease model mice.Methods Twenty-eight male C57BL/6J mice aged 6～8 weeks were randomly divided into four groups:the control group,the model group,the low-dose EGCG group[25 mg/(kg·d)],and the high-dose EGCG group[50 mg/(kg·d)].A Parkin-son's disease(PD)mouse model was established by intraperitoneal injection of MPTP at a dose of 30 mg/(kg·d)for 7 consecutive days.The protective effect of EGCG on MPTP-induced Parkinson's model mice was analyzed through behavioral index detection and Western blot method.Results(1)In the behavioral tests,compared with the model group,the movement distance and speed of mice treated with low-and high-dose EGCG were significantly improved(both P values<0.001).The mice in the high-dose EGCG treatment group also showed a significant advantage in the percentage of the central path distance(P<0.001).(2)Compared with the control group,the deposition of α-synuclein in the model group increased significantly(P<0.001).Compared with the model group,both the low-and high-dose EGCG groups reduced the deposition of α-synuclein(both P<0.001).(3)Compared with the control group,the expression levels of Beclin 1 and LC3 proteins in the substantia nigra region of mice in the model group decreased significantly(both P<0.001),while the expression level of p62 protein increased significantly(P<0.001).After treatment with EGCG,compared with the model group,the expression levels of Beclin 1 and LC3 proteins in mice of the low-dose EGCG group increased to varying degrees(P<0.01;P<0.001),and the expression level of p62 protein decreased significantly(P<0.001).In the high-dose EGCG group,the expression levels of Beclin 1 and LC3 proteins increased significantly(both P<0.001),and the expression level of p62 protein decreased significantly(P<0.001).Conclusion EGCG reduces alpha-synuclein deposition via the autophagy-lysosomal pathway and protects against MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease model mice.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of epigallocatechin gallate(EGCG)on 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP)-induced Parkinson's disease model mice.Methods Twenty-eight male C57BL/6J mice aged 6～8 weeks were randomly divided into four groups:the control group,the model group,the low-dose EGCG group[25 mg/(kg·d)],and the high-dose EGCG group[50 mg/(kg·d)].A Parkin-son's disease(PD)mouse model was established by intraperitoneal injection of MPTP at a dose of 30 mg/(kg·d)for 7 consecutive days.The protective effect of EGCG on MPTP-induced Parkinson's model mice was analyzed through behavioral index detection and Western blot method.Results(1)In the behavioral tests,compared with the model group,the movement distance and speed of mice treated with low-and high-dose EGCG were significantly improved(both P values<0.001).The mice in the high-dose EGCG treatment group also showed a significant advantage in the percentage of the central path distance(P<0.001).(2)Compared with the control group,the deposition of α-synuclein in the model group increased significantly(P<0.001).Compared with the model group,both the low-and high-dose EGCG groups reduced the deposition of α-synuclein(both P<0.001).(3)Compared with the control group,the expression levels of Beclin 1 and LC3 proteins in the substantia nigra region of mice in the model group decreased significantly(both P<0.001),while the expression level of p62 protein increased significantly(P<0.001).After treatment with EGCG,compared with the model group,the expression levels of Beclin 1 and LC3 proteins in mice of the low-dose EGCG group increased to varying degrees(P<0.01;P<0.001),and the expression level of p62 protein decreased significantly(P<0.001).In the high-dose EGCG group,the expression levels of Beclin 1 and LC3 proteins increased significantly(both P<0.001),and the expression level of p62 protein decreased significantly(P<0.001).Conclusion EGCG reduces alpha-synuclein deposition via the autophagy-lysosomal pathway and protects against MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease model mice.

OBJECTIVE To study the protective effect of phenolic acid components from Salvia deserta Schang on the oxidative stress injury of human renal tubular epithelial cells HK -2 induced by high glucose and high fat . METHODS HK-2 cells were divided into control group ，model group ，canagliflozin group （positive control group ，15 μmol/L），purified product of phenolic acids from S. deserta Schang group （10.8 μg/mL），4 monomers group （salvianic acid ，protocatechuic aldehyde ，caffeic acid，rosmarinic acid ，50 μmol/L）. In addition to the control group ，cell injury model of high glucose and high fat was established in other groups （500 μmol/L palmitic acid+ 30 mmol/L glucose for 48 h）and cultured for 48 h. The cell apoptotic rate ，the contents of malondialdehyde （MDA）and glutathione （GSH），and the activity of superoxide dismutase （SOD）were detected in each group ； the expression levels of nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2（Nrf2），Kelch-like ECH -associated protein 1（Keap1）protein，heme oxygenase-1（HO-1）and NADH ：quinone acceptor oxidoreductase 1（NQO1）were determined in above 5 groups（except for salvianic acid ，protocatechuic aldehyde ，caffeic acid ）. RESULTS Compared with control group ，the apoptotic rate of HK -2 cells in model group was increased significantly （P＜0.01）；the content of MDA was increased significantly （P＜0.01），while the content of GSH and the activity of SOD were decreased significantly ；protein expressions of Nrf 2，NQO1 and HO -1 2018D01C169） were significantly down -regulated（P＜0.01），while the protein expression of Keap 1 was up -regulated significantly （P＜0.01）. Compared with model group ， the apoptotic rate and the content of MDA were decreased significantly in administration groups（P＜0.01）；the content of GSH in administration groups and the activity of SOD in purified product of phenolic acids group，protocatechuic aldehyde group and rosmarinic acid group were increased significantly （P＜0.01）. The protein expressions of Nrf2，HO-1 and NQO 1 in purified product of phenolic acids group as well as the protein expression of Nrf 2 in rosmarinic acid group were up -regulated significantly （P＜0.01），while the protein expression of Keap 1 was down -regulated significantly in purified product of phenolic acids group and rosmarinic acid group （P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS The phenolic acids components from S. deserta Schang can relieve oxidative stress injury of renal tubular epithelial cells induced by high glucose and high fat ，the mechanism of which may be associated with activating Keap 1/Nrf2 signaling pathway and inhibiting oxidative stress response .

OBJECTIVE: To assess the value of mapping allele with resolved carrier status (MaReCs) technology for the determination of balanced translocation carrier status for embryos. METHODS: Blastocysts produced by 25 reciprocal translocation carriers and 15 Robertsonian translocation carriers were detected by MaReCs. After genetic counseling, transplantable blastocysts were selected. Amniocentesis was performed to check fetal chromosomes at 16 to 20 gestational weeks, and the consistency of amniocentesis and MaReCs was determined. RESULTS: No significant difference was found in the normal rate for chromosome copy number variations (CNVs) in blastocysts between reciprocal translocation carriers and Robertsonian translocation carriers (28.6% vs. 32.0%, P> 0.05). For 12 (48%) reciprocal translocation carriers and 8 (32%) Robertsonian translocation carriers, the status of translocation carrier of embryos was successfully determined. The results of amniocentesis were consistent with that of MaReCs in all 11 pregnancies. CONCLUSION MaReCs is a reliable method to distinguish the translocation carrier status of embryos of balanced translocation carriers. It can help a certain proportion of balanced translocation carriers to select completely normal embryos while reduce transfer of embryo carrying a balanced translocation.

The activity of free radicals in follcular fluid was related to ovarian responsiveness,in vitro fertilization (IVF),and embryo transfer success rate.However,studies analyzing the relationship between the free radical scavenging capacity and embryo quality of infertile women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) were lacking.The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the free radical scavenging window of women with PCOS and their embryo quality.The free radical scavenging capacity of follicular fluid from women with PCOS was determined by a,a-diphenyl-b-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH),2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) assay,superoxide radical,and reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay.In the DPPH and ROS assays,the follicular fluid from grades Ⅰ and Ⅱ embryos was significantly higher than the follicular fluid from grades Ⅲ and Ⅳ embryos.The lower control limit of DPPH radical scavenging capacity and upper control limit of ROS level were 13.2％ and 109.0 cps,respectively.The calculated lower control limit and upper control limit were further confirmed in the follicular fluid of embryos of all grades.These cut-off values of free radical scavenging activity of follicular fluid could assist embryologists in choosing the development of embryos in PCOS patients undergoing.

Objective To investigate the proliferation, immune phenotype and cytotoxicity on different cell lines of cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells collected from healthy donors. Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy donors were induced to become CIK cells by adding cytokines including rhIL-2, rhIFN-γand CD3 McAb. The proliferation of CIK cells was tested by blood cell recording board. The CIK cells were analyzed on different time points by FACS. The cytotoxicity of CIK cells against different tumor cell lines, such as K562, BJAB, A549, MCF-7 and HepG2, was detected by MTT assays on day 13. Results CIK cells quickly proliferated from day 5, and expanded by 182-fold after 20-day culture. The immunophenotypes of CD3+, CD3+CD8+and CD3+CD56+were (97.83±1.03)%, (77.12±1.60)%and (27.58± 2.02)%. The percentages of CD3+, CD3+CD8+and CD3+CD56+increased noticeably (P＜0.01). According to the effector-tar-get ratio of 40∶1, the activity of CIK cells against tumor cells K562, BJAB, A549, MCF-7 and HepG2 were (88.89±7.22)%, (75.42±9.52)%, (63.19±5.67)%, (43.53±5.67)%and (42.63±7.69)%. The experiments showed that CIK cells possessed high-er antitumor cytotoxic activity. Conclusion CIK cells can be largely capacity cultured by adding cytokines in vitro. CIK cells were a highly efficient cytotoxic cell against tumors, and had clinical application potentials.

Embryos with a poor morphological score at cleavage stage are usually discarded because they are considered unsuitable for transfer and cryopreservation. This study examined the in vitro blastocyst development after extended culture of these embryos and the clinical outcomes after transfer of these blastocysts in warming cycles. A total of 597 blastocysts (24.7%) were obtained from 2421 embryos with low morphological scores after extended culture. One hundred and sixty blastocysts (6.6%) with optimal morphology were vitrified. Embryo utilization rate was increased from 30.8% to 32.6%. After warming, 61 out of 92 blastocysts (66.3%) survived and were transferred in 44 cycles. The clinical pregnancy rate and the implantation rate were 40.9% (18/44) and 32.8% (20/61) respectively. Thirteen healthy babies were born, and 5 pregnancies aborted spontaneously. Our study suggested that some blastocysts derived from embryos with a poor morphological score can be successfully vitrified and give rise to live births. Selection and vitrification of viable embryos after extended culture of embryos with a poor morphological score may constitute a proposal to avoid embryo wastage.
Adult ; Cryopreservation ; methods ; Embryo Culture Techniques ; methods ; Embryo Transfer ; methods ; statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro ; methods ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Infertility ; pathology ; therapy ; Middle Aged ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Vitrification ; Young Adult