BACKGROUND: As an essential part of health services, rehabilitation is of great significance to improve the health and quality of life of the whole population. Accelerating aging calls for a significant expansion of rehabilitation services in China, but rehabilitation needs remain unclear. We conducted the study to explore the rehabilitation needs in China and project the trend of rehabilitation needs from 2020 to 2034. METHODS: The data of health conditions that might potentially benefit from rehabilitation were obtained from Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. Estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were calculated to quantify the trends of the age-standardized rates. Projections of rehabilitation needs were made until 2034 using Bayesian age-period-cohort analysis (BAPC). RESULTS: Approximately 460 million persons (33.3% of the total population) need rehabilitation in China, contributing to 63 million years lived with disabilities (YLDs) in 2019. The number of prevalent cases that need rehabilitation increased from around 268 (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 257-282) million in 1990 to almost 460 (95% UI: 443-479) million in 2019, representing an increase of 71.3%. The highest contribution to the need for rehabilitation was musculoskeletal disorders with about 322 (95% UI: 302-343) million persons in seven aggregate disease and injury categories, and hearing loss with over 95 (95% UI: 84-107) million people among 25 health conditions. Based on the projection results, there will be almost 636 million people (45% of the total population) needing rehabilitation services in China by 2034, representing an increase of 38.3%. The rehabilitation needs of neoplasms, cardiovascular diseases, and neurological disorders are expected to increase significantly from 2019 to 2034, with increases of 102.3%, 88.8% and 73.2%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The need for rehabilitation in China substantially increased over the last 30 years. It is predicted that over two in five people will require rehabilitation by 2034, thus suggesting the need to develop rehabilitation services that meet individuals' rehabilitation needs.
Humans ; China/epidemiology* ; Global Burden of Disease ; Female ; Male ; Musculoskeletal Diseases/epidemiology* ; Rehabilitation/trends* ; Quality of Life ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Bayes Theorem

Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) has been widely used in the world for near 20 years, which should be considered as the milestone of modern medicine advancement, changing the routine perioperative principle, accelerating the recovery speed following operation, minimizing the postoperative pain, and saving the medical resources. Despite the remarkable advance, the quality and application of ERAS in the west China needs further improvement if compared with international level or even some domestic hospitals. The postoperative hospital stay in west China is much longer than the reported 3 to 5 days according to published references. Several suggestions can be help: (1) Based on the published consensus and the successful experiences of ERAS in colorectal surgery, the medical institution should make great effort to extend this technique to change the profound traditional idea in medical staffs and patients. (2) The medical administrations should take the application of ERAS as a key performance index and annual work plan in hospital. (3) Multiple disciplinary team including anesthetist, surgeon, dietitian, and nurses is essential for hospital to promote the quality of ERAS. Undoubtedly, ERAS is going to be the conventional medical care in the western area of China. We may look forward to seeing more researches from western China to update the ERAS consensus.
China ; Clinical Competence ; Colorectal Surgery ; rehabilitation ; Consensus ; Digestive System Surgical Procedures ; rehabilitation ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; statistics & numerical data ; Patient Care Team ; standards ; trends ; utilization ; Personnel Administration, Hospital ; methods ; Postoperative Care ; methods ; psychology ; standards ; Postoperative Period ; Quality of Health Care ; standards ; trends

INTRODUCTIONCommunity-based exercise programmes have been shown to be effective in the Western world. However, there is a dearth of literature on their effectiveness in Asia. This pilot study aims to assess the effectiveness of the Asian community-based Health Wellness Programme (HWP) in Singapore. The HWP provides community cardiac rehabilitation services.

METHODSA retrospective database analysis was conducted on cardiac rehabilitation patients who had completed the one-year wellness programme from 2010 to 2011. Patients were included in the programme if they had an underlying cardiac disease such as ischaemic heart disease and were deemed as stable by their cardiologist. Patients with New York Heart Association Class III or IV heart failure were excluded from this programme. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, clinical and laboratory data was recorded. Changes between the baseline and final measurements were analysed.

RESULTSComplete data from a total of 136 patients was analysed. Improvements were noted in body fat percentage (change [Δ] -1.3%, p < 0.01), distance walked (Δ 9.7 m, p = 0.01), total cholesterol (Δ -7.8 mg/dL, p = 0.03), low-density lipoprotein (Δ -7.8 mg/dL, p = 0.03) and triglyceride (Δ -17.8 mg/dL, p < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe low-to-moderate intensity HWP seems to be effective in a multiethnic community setting. To confirm the quality and effectiveness of such a programme in secondary cardiovascular prevention, more evidence from prospective controlled trials with suitable controls is needed.

Aged ; Cardiac Rehabilitation ; methods ; Ethnic Groups ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Health Promotion ; organization & administration ; Heart Failure ; ethnology ; rehabilitation ; Humans ; Male ; Morbidity ; trends ; Pilot Projects ; Retrospective Studies ; Singapore ; epidemiology

INTRODUCTIONThe level of participation is an important factor influencing rehabilitation outcome. However, few studies have evaluated rehabilitation participation and its clinical predictors in patients with stroke. This study aimed to establish the level of participation in patients with stroke undergoing inpatient rehabilitation, and define the clinical predictors for participation.

METHODSThis was a prospective observational study of first-time patients with stroke admitted to a rehabilitation centre over a 12-month period. The primary outcome measure was the level of rehabilitation participation as measured on the Pittsburgh Rehabilitation Participation Scale (PRPS). PRPS measurements were made one week after admission and one week before planned discharge from inpatient rehabilitation. Other outcome measures evaluated were the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale, Functional Independence Measure (FIM), Elderly Cognitive Assessment Questionnaire (ECAQ), Centre for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale, Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), Lubben Social Network Scale-Revised, and Multidimensional Health Questionnaire.

RESULTSA total of 122 patients with stroke were studied. The mean PRPS score on admission was relatively high at 4.30 ± 0.90, and this improved to 4.65 ± 0.79 before planned discharge (p < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, the mean PRPS score on admission was predicted by FIM, EACQ and FSS scores on admission, but not by variables such as age, gender, depression, social support, or health attitudes and beliefs.

CONCLUSIONPatients with lower levels of participation were more likely to be functionally dependent, cognitively impaired and have more fatigue. We suggest that in addition to cognition, fatigue should be routinely screened in patients with stroke undergoing rehabilitation.

Cognition ; physiology ; Disability Evaluation ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Inpatients ; Length of Stay ; trends ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; methods ; Patient Compliance ; statistics & numerical data ; Prospective Studies ; Recovery of Function ; physiology ; Rehabilitation Centers ; statistics & numerical data ; Singapore ; epidemiology ; Stroke ; epidemiology ; physiopathology ; Stroke Rehabilitation ; Treatment Outcome

Rehabilitation medicine is the medical specialty that integrates rehabilitation as its core therapeutic modality in disability management. More than a billion people worldwide are disabled, and the World Health Organization has developed the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health as a framework through which disability is addressed. Herein, we explore paradigm shifts in neurorehabilitation, with a focus on restoration, and provide overviews on developments in neuropharmacology, rehabilitation robotics, virtual reality, constraint-induced therapy and brain stimulation. We also discuss important issues in rehabilitation systems of care, including integrated care pathways, very early rehabilitation, early supported discharge and telerehabilitation. Finally, we highlight major new fields of rehabilitation such as spasticity management, frailty and geriatric rehabilitation, intensive care and cancer rehabilitation.
Disability Evaluation ; Disabled Persons ; classification ; rehabilitation ; Humans ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Rehabilitation ; methods ; standards ; trends ; World Health Organization

The purpose of this review is to provide a reference for researchers in investigating the tissue engineering of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc. Currently tissue engineering of the TMJ disc is in its infancy, and cell source is one of the key factors that define the development of the tissue engineering of TMJ disc. In this paper, 6 kinds of cells: the TMJ disc native cells, chondrocytes, dermal fibroblasts, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, adipose-derived stem cells, and embryonic stem cells are introduced. In addition, the possibility that these cells can be used as cell sources for TMJ disc tissue engineering is described.
Animals ; Chondrocytes ; cytology ; Fibroblasts ; cytology ; Humans ; Joint Prosthesis ; Skin ; cytology ; Temporomandibular Joint Disc ; cytology ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders ; rehabilitation ; surgery ; therapy ; Tissue Engineering ; methods ; trends

Cortical visual prosthesis, optic nerve visual prosthesis and vision substitution devices are alternative ways for repairing the visual impairment in case of optic nerve injury, retina lose or blindness without fully developed central visual system. This article is a state-of-art review of the principles, technical details and the limitations of different types of prostheses beyond the retinal prosthesis.
Animals ; Artificial Intelligence ; Electric Stimulation Therapy ; instrumentation ; methods ; Humans ; Optic Nerve ; physiopathology ; Prosthesis Design ; Prosthesis Implantation ; methods ; trends ; Retinal Ganglion Cells ; physiology ; Vision Disorders ; rehabilitation ; Visual Cortex ; physiopathology ; Visual Pathways ; physiopathology

Paraplegia is a severe disability of lower limbs resulting from spinal cord injury. Moreover, its incidence has been climbing over the recent years. The most important symptom of paraplegia is the loss of walking ability. Involved researches during recent 40 years have shown that functional electrical stimulation, which could successfully regain some movement function for paraplegic patients, is a new and promising technique in modern rehabilitation engineering. It has been drawing more attention. Here, aiming at this functional electrical stimulation technique for paraplegic walking, we introduce its relevant background knowledge and research progress.
Electric Stimulation Therapy ; instrumentation ; trends ; Humans ; Paraplegia ; rehabilitation ; Walking

The motivation of the brain-computer interface (BCI) research and its potential applications are introduced in this paper. Some of the problems in BCI-based medical device developments are also discussed.
Artificial Intelligence ; Brain ; physiology ; Communication Aids for Disabled ; trends ; Electroencephalography ; instrumentation ; methods ; Evoked Potentials ; physiology ; Humans ; Neuromuscular Diseases ; rehabilitation ; Rehabilitation ; instrumentation ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; User-Computer Interface