Inflammation plays an essential role in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. Our study was aimed to investigate whether salvianolate, a novel water-soluble phenolic compound of Danshen, alleviates atherosclerosis via regulating the inflammation in rats. High fat diet feeding plus vitamin D3 injection was used to induce atherosclerosis in rats. Salvianolate (60, 120 or 240 mg/kg) or placebo was given to atherosclerotic rats. The plasma lipids, interleukin 6 (IL-6) and C reactive protein (CRP) were measured by ELISA. CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ cells were determined by flow cytometry. Histological changes were examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The results showed that the levels of plasma IL-6 and CRP were elevated in the rats fed on high fat diet, and the histological analysis demonstrated the successful establishment of atherosclerosis models. Treatment with salvianolate alleviated the atherosclerotic process and decreased the levels of plasma IL-6 and CRP. Also the number of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ cells was increased in salvianolate-treated rats. It was concluded that salvianolate could treat atherosclerosis via modulating the inflammation at cytokine and cell levels.
Animals ; Atherosclerosis ; blood ; etiology ; prevention & control ; C-Reactive Protein ; metabolism ; Cholecalciferol ; administration & dosage ; Diet, High-Fat ; adverse effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Flow Cytometry ; Forkhead Transcription Factors ; metabolism ; Inflammation ; blood ; prevention & control ; Interleukin-6 ; blood ; Lipids ; blood ; Lymphocyte Count ; Male ; Phytotherapy ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptors, Complement 3b ; metabolism ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; chemistry ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Vitamins ; administration & dosage

Abdominal Neoplasms ; complications ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Adult ; Dendritic Cell Sarcoma, Follicular ; complications ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Ki-1 Antigen ; metabolism ; Leukocytosis ; complications ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Receptors, Complement 3b ; metabolism ; Receptors, Complement 3d ; metabolism ; Young Adult

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Carcinoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cyclophosphamide ; therapeutic use ; Dendritic Cell Sarcoma, Follicular ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Doxorubicin ; therapeutic use ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; secondary ; Male ; Melanoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Prednisone ; therapeutic use ; Receptors, Complement 3b ; metabolism ; Receptors, Complement 3d ; metabolism ; Vincristine ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo study the changes of red cell immune function and T-lymphocyte subsets in children with bronchiolitis and their possible roles in the pathogenesis of bronchiolitis.

METHODSForty-five children with bronchiolitis and 30 healthy controls were enrolled. Red cell immune complex rosette (RBC-ICR) and red cell C3b receptor rosette (RBC-C3bRR) were detected. The percentages of CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ cells were assayed by flow cytometry.

RESULTSRBC-C3bRR［(13.6 ± 6.2)% vs (18.0 ± 7.4)%] and the percentage of CD8+ cells [(21.6 ± 4.4)% vs (25.6 ± 5.2) %］ in the bronchiolitis group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.01). The percentage of CD3+ cells ［(59.9 ± 6.7)% vs (52.1 ± 8.3)%］ and CD4+ cells [(53.5 ± 6.2)% vs (46.8 ± 4.9)%] and RBC-ICR [(8.3 ± 3.5)% vs (6.1 ± 2.5)%] in the bronchiolitis group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.01). The percentage of CD4+ cells was positively correlated with RBC-ICR (r=0.63,P<0.05) and negatively correlated with RBC-C3bRR (r=-0.82,P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSThere are dysfunctions of red cell immune and T-lymphocyte subsets in children with brochiolitis, which may play a role in the pathogenesis of brochiolitis.

Bronchiolitis ; etiology ; immunology ; Erythrocytes ; immunology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Receptors, Complement 3b ; physiology ; Rosette Formation ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of Shenfu Injection (SFI) on erythrocyte immunity function of patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).

METHODSTwenty patients scheduled for valve replacement were randomly assigned to two groups, i.e. , the SFI group and the control group, 10 in each. SFI 1 mL/kg was intravenously dripped before induction of anesthesia and SFI 1 mL/kg administered in priming solution in the SFI group, while only normal saline was given to those in the control group. Venous blood samples (5 mL) were collected before induction of anesthesia (T1), 30 min CPB (T2), immediate by the end of CPB (T3), and postoperative 24 h (T4) respectively in all groups. The levels of the rosette rate of RBC-C3b receptor (RBC-C3bRR), the rosette rate of RBC-immune complex (RBC-ICR), plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), free hemoglobin (FHB), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were detected.

RESULTSThere was no significant difference in the levels of RBC-C3bRR, RBC-ICR, plasma MDA, FHB, and IL-6 at T1 in both groups (P > 0.05). RBC-C3bRR at the rest time points was lower in the two groups than before induction of anesthesia. There was no statistical difference in FHB or IL-6 between T4 and T1 in the SFI group. The levels of RBC-ICR, MDA, FHB, and IL-6 increased in the two groups more than before induction of anesthesia at T2-4 ( P < 0.05). Besides, the RBC-C3b RR was lower, and levels of RBC-ICR, MDA, FHB, and IL-6 higher in the control group than in the SFI group, showing significant difference (P <0.05).

CONCLUSIONSFI could decrease the generation of inflammatory mediators during CPB, improve the erythrocyte immune function of patients during CPB, and reduce the risk of postoperative infection.

Adult ; Antigen-Antibody Complex ; blood ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Erythrocytes ; drug effects ; immunology ; Female ; Hemoglobins ; analysis ; Humans ; Injections ; Interleukin-6 ; blood ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; blood ; Middle Aged ; Receptors, Complement 3b ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinicopathologic features and differential diagnostic methods for follicular dendritic cell sarcoma.

METHODSHistological and immunohistochemical examinations and EBER in situ hybridization were used to investigate the pathological features of 5 cases of follicular dendritic cell sarcoma, and related literature was reviewed.

RESULTSThere were 3 males and 2 females with a median age of 54 years (range, 28 - 75 years). The location of lesions included lymph node (2 cases), tonsil (1 case), stomach (1 case), and liver (1 case). The growth patterns were fascicular or whorls and/or diffuse. The neoplastic cells were spindle or ovoid in shape with indistinct border and slightly eosinophilic cytoplasm. The nuclei were round, oval or spindle in shape with small distinct nucleoli. Warthin-Finkeldey-like multinucleated giant cells were detected in two cases. Mitotic figures were found in 1-22/10 HPF. Immunohistochemical staining showed that CD21 and CD23 (3 of 5), CD35 (4 of 5), D2-40 (4 of 4), and CXCL13 (3 of 4) were positive in neoplastic cells. EBER was detected in one of five cases by in situ hybridization. Four cases were followed-up for 6 approximately 25 months and no recurrence or death was observed yet.

CONCLUSIONFollicular dendritic cell sarcoma is an extremely rare and should be considered as a moderately malignant tumor, and may present histological polymorphism with certain distinctive features. Immunohistochemistry is necessary in differential diagnosis to distinguish from other tumors.

Adult ; Aged ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; metabolism ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived ; Chemokine CXCL13 ; metabolism ; Dendritic Cell Sarcoma, Follicular ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ; metabolism ; pathology ; Granuloma, Plasma Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Lymph Nodes ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Membrane Glycoproteins ; metabolism ; Middle Aged ; RNA-Binding Proteins ; metabolism ; Receptors, Complement 3b ; metabolism ; Receptors, Complement 3d ; metabolism ; Receptors, IgE ; metabolism ; Ribosomal Proteins ; metabolism ; Stomach Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Tonsillar Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo study the clinicopathologic features of follicular dendritic cell sarcoma (FDCS) and its differential diagnosis.

METHODSTen cases of FDCS were studied by light microscopy, immunohistochemistry and in-situ hybridization. The clinical features and follow-up information were analyzed.

RESULTSAmongst the 10 cases of FDCS studied, the male-to-female ratio was 1:1. The mean age of the patients was 42 years. Six of them were located in cervical and peritoneal lymph nodes and four in extranodal sites (including tonsil, pelvic cavity, tail of pancreas and spleen). Histologically, the tumor cells had whorled, storiform or diffuse growth patterns. They were spindle in shape and contained syncytial eosinophilic cytoplasm, with round or oval nuclei, vesicular chromatin, distinct nucleoli and a variable number of mitotic figures. Multinucleated tumor giant cells and intranuclear pseudoinclusions were occasionally seen. There was a sprinkling of small lymphocytes and neutrophils within the tumor as well as in the perivascular region. Immunohistochemical study showed that the tumor cells were diffusely or focally positive for CD21, CD23, CD35 and D2-40, but negative for LCA, CD20, CD3, CD1a, HMB45 and CK. Some of them showed EMA, CD68 and S-100 reactivity. In-situ hybridization for Epstein-Barr virus-encoded RNA (EBER) showed positive signals in only one case (which was diagnosed as inflammatory pseudotumor-like FDCS). Of the 7 patients with follow-up information available (duration: 2 months to 39 months; mean: 14 months), 2 cases with paraneoplastic pemphigus died of pulmonary infection at 5 and 7 months respectively. The remaining 5 patients were alive and disease-free after surgical excision (+/- chemotherapy and radiotherapy).

CONCLUSIONSFDCS is a rare low to intermediate-grade malignant tumor. Appropriate application of FDC markers, such as CD21, CD35 and D2-40, would be helpful for arriving at a correct diagnosis. Most cases are associated with good prognosis after surgical treatment, with or without chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Patients with paraneoplastic pemphigus carry a less favorable prognosis.

Adult ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived ; metabolism ; Dendritic Cell Sarcoma, Follicular ; complications ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Dendritic Cell Sarcoma, Interdigitating ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; surgery ; Male ; Meningioma ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; pathology ; Paraneoplastic Syndromes ; complications ; Pemphigus ; complications ; Receptors, Complement 3b ; metabolism ; Receptors, Complement 3d ; metabolism ; Receptors, IgE ; metabolism ; Tonsillar Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Young Adult

Abdominal Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; secondary ; surgery ; Dendritic Cell Sarcoma, Follicular ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Dendritic Cell Sarcoma, Interdigitating ; metabolism ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ; metabolism ; pathology ; Histiocytoma, Malignant Fibrous ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Omentum ; Peritoneal Neoplasms ; secondary ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; metabolism ; Receptors, Complement 3b ; metabolism ; Receptors, Complement 3d ; metabolism

Adult ; Appendiceal Neoplasms ; immunology ; pathology ; Dendritic Cell Sarcoma, Follicular ; immunology ; pathology ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit ; analysis ; Receptors, Complement 3b ; analysis

BACKGROUNDThe influence of inflammatory processes has been one of the hot topics in discussions of the etiology of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI). Erythrocytes are very important in controlling inflammatory immunity and innate immune reactions. The purpose of this study was to analyze the correlation between the development of CVI and the change of CD35, Fy6 on erythrocytes, and interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels.

METHODSA group of 43 patients with CVI were studied in parallel with 8 healthy individuals serving as control subjects. Control subjects were those with normal findings on lower extremity duplex examinations. We used an erythrocyte flow cytometer to examine the expression of both CD35 and Fy6 on red blood cells, and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis method to measure plasma IL-8 levels. We also analyzed the change of IL-8 levels under the influence of erythrocytes using a modified method of the hemaimmune reaction.

RESULTSCompared with normal control subjects, CD35 expression increased significantly among patients with CVI classified as C4 without lipodermatosclerosis, but tended to decrease and reach the lowest level among patients classified as C5-C6. Fy6 expression increased significantly among patients in the early stages of CVI, but tended to decrease remarkably among patients classified as C5-C6. The inflammatory response intensified at the C5-C6 classification, where high levels of IL-8 coexisted with a low expression of Fy6. The increase in IL-8 in the CVI group was higher than in the control group in association with the complete blood cells, regardless of the presence of erythrocytes, when inactive tumour cells were added, whereas the level of IL-8 in the CVI group was significantly lower than in the control group.

CONCLUSIONSAbnormalities of erythrocyte innate immunity represents a fundamental derangement in CVI. These inadequate inflammatory responses may lead to local tissue and microvascular damage of the lower extremity.

Chronic Disease ; Duffy Blood-Group System ; blood ; Erythrocytes ; immunology ; physiology ; Humans ; Interleukin-8 ; blood ; physiology ; Leg ; blood supply ; Receptors, Cell Surface ; blood ; Receptors, Complement 3b ; blood ; Venous Insufficiency ; immunology