BACKGROUND: T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma/acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-LBL/ALL) is an aggressive form of hematological malignancy associated with poor prognosis in adult patients. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are aberrantly expressed in T-LBL/ALL and are considered potential therapeutic targets. Here, we investigated the antitumor effect of a novel HDAC inhibitor, chidamide, on T-LBL/ALL. METHODS: HDAC1, HDAC2 and HDAC3 levels in T-LBL/ALL cell lines and patient samples were compared with those in normal controls. Flow cytometry, transmission electron microscopy, and lactate dehydrogenase release assays were conducted in Jurkat and MOLT-4 cells to assess apoptosis and pyroptosis. A specific forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) inhibitor was used to rescue pyroptosis and upregulated gasdermin E (GSDME) expression caused by chidamide treatment. The role of the FOXO1 transcription factor was evaluated by dual-luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. The efficacy of chidamide in vivo was evaluated in a xenograft mouse. RESULTS: The expression of HDAC1, HDAC2 and HDAC3 was significantly upregulated in T-LBL/ALL. Cell viability was obviously inhibited after chidamide treatment. Pyroptosis, characterized by cell swelling, pore formation on the plasma membrane and lactate dehydrogenase leakage, was identified as a new mechanism of chidamide treatment. Chidamide triggered pyroptosis through caspase 3 activation and GSDME transcriptional upregulation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays confirmed that chidamide led to the increased transcription of GSDME through a more relaxed chromatin structure at the promoter and the upregulation of FOXO1 expression. Moreover, we identified the therapeutic effect of chidamide in vivo . CONCLUSIONS This study suggested that chidamide exerts an antitumor effect on T-LBL/ALL and promotes a more inflammatory form of cell death via the FOXO1/GSDME axis, which provides a novel choice of targeted therapy for patients with T-LBL/ALL.
Humans ; Pyroptosis/drug effects* ; Forkhead Box Protein O1/genetics* ; Aminopyridines/pharmacology* ; Animals ; Mice ; Benzamides/pharmacology* ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/drug therapy* ; Phosphate-Binding Proteins/metabolism* ; Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors/pharmacology* ; Jurkat Cells ; Histone Deacetylases/metabolism* ; Apoptosis/drug effects* ; Gasdermins

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether auraptene (AUR) exerts a protective effect on acute diquat (DQ)-induced liver injury in mice and explore its underlying mechanisms. METHODS: Forty SPF-grade healthy male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into normal control group (Control group), DQ poisoning model group (DQ group), AUR treatment group (DQ+AUR group), and AUR control group (AUR group), with 10 mice in each group. The DQ poisoning model was established via a single intraperitoneal injection of 40 mg/kg DQ aqueous solution (0.5 mL); Control group and AUR group received an equal volume of pure water intraperitoneally. Four hours post-modeling, DQ+AUR group and AUR group were administered 0.5 mg/kg AUR aqueous solution (0.2 mL) by gavage once daily for 7 consecutive days, while Control group and DQ group received pure water. Blood and liver tissues were collected after anesthesia on day 7. Liver ultrastructure was observed by transmission electron microscopy. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Hepatic glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were detected using WST-1, thiobarbituric acid (TBA), and enzymatic reaction methods, respectively. Protein expression of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), and activated caspase-9 in liver tissues was analyzed by Western blotting. RESULTS: Transmission electron microscopy revealed that mitochondria in the Control group exhibited mild swelling, uneven distribution of matrix, and a small number of cristae fractures. In the AUR group, mitochondria showed mild swelling, with no obvious disruption of cristae structure. In the DQ group, mitochondria demonstrated marked swelling and increased volume, matrix dissolution, loss and fragmentation of cristae, and extensive vacuolization. In contrast, the DQ+AUR group showed significantly reduced mitochondrial swelling, volume increase, matrix dissolution, cristae loss and fragmentation, and vacuolization compared to the DQ group. Compared with the DQ group, the DQ+AUR group exhibited significantly lower serum AST levels (U/L: 173.45±23.60 vs. 255.33±41.51), ALT levels (U/L: 51.77±21.63 vs. 100.70±32.35), and hepatic MDA levels (μmol/g: 12.40±2.76 vs. 19.74±4.10), along with higher hepatic GSH levels (mmol/g: 37.65±14.95 vs. 20.58±8.52) and SOD levels (kU/g: 124.10±33.77 vs. 82.81±22.00), the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). Western blotting showed upregulated Nrf2 expression (Nrf2/β-actin: 0.87±0.37 vs. 0.53±0.22) and HO-1 expression (HO-1/β-actin: 1.06±0.22 vs. 0.49±0.08), and downregulated Keap1 expression (Keap1/β-actin: 0.82±0.12 vs. 1.52±0.76) and activated caspase-9 expression (activated caspase-9/β-actin: 1.16±0.28 vs. 1.71±0.30) in the DQ+AUR group compared to the DQ group (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION AUR attenuates DQ-induced acute liver injury in mice by activating the Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway.
Animals ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Liver/pathology* ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/drug therapy* ; Diquat/poisoning* ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2/metabolism* ; Oxidative Stress ; Apoptosis ; Coumarins

Analgesia is an important link in the treatment of severe patients after neurosurgery and plays a vital role in improving the prognosis of the patients.Understanding the status quo and influencing fac-tors of pain in severe patients after neurosurgery helps to predict the occurrence of pain,which is crucial for determining the new pain assessment methods and auxiliary analgesic methods and developing novel analgesic drugs.This paper reviews the pain status,pain evaluation and analgesic methods of severe patients after neuro-surgery in recent years so as to understand the pain management current status of the patients with severe neurological conditions and provide reference for the medical staff to implement the analgesic programs.

The goal of gastrointestinal endoscopy anesthesia management is to effectively calm and re-lieve pain while minimizing related adverse reactions and ensuring patient safety.Hypoxemia is the most com-mon adverse event during painless gastrointestinalendoscopy,and severe hypoxemia can cause cardiac and brain accidents.Therefore,how to prevent and reduce the occurrence of hypoxemia isa hot topic in clinical re-search.This article reviews the methods of preventing and reducing hypoxemia in general painless gastrointes-tinal endoscopy,and provides a reference for the selection of appropriate sedation and ventilation strategies for general painless gastrointestinal endoscopy anesthesia.

Objective To explore the changes in serum energy metabolites in patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma,and investigate serum biomarkers for monitoring peripheral T-cell lymphoma from the perspective of energy metabolism.Methods Multiple/selected reaction monitoring(MRM/SRM)was used to detect the energy-related metabolites in the sera of 16 patients with newly diagnosed peripheral T-cell lymphoma admitted in the Hematology Medical Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University from November 2020 to December 2021,as well as 10 recruited healthy volunteers.The corresponding clinical data including medical history,laboratory results and image data were collected and retrospectively analyzed.Results Significant differences were seen in the contents and expression profiles of serum energy metabolism-related products between the patients and the healthy volunteers.The patients had significantly reduced serum contents of cyclic AMP,succinate,citrate and cis-aconitate(P＜0.05),and elevated D-glucose 6-phosphate content(P＜0.05).The serum contents of citrate and succinate were negatively correlated with the risk stratification(low-,moderate-and high-risk)and clinical stage of the disease(P＜0.05).Meanwhile,there was a negative correlation between the contents of L-malic acid and citrate and the mid-term efficacy evaluation results,such as complete/partial response(CR/PR)or stable disease(SD)(P＜0.05).For patients with extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma(n=10),there were also significant reductions in the contents of cyclic AMP,succinate,citrate,isocitrate and cis-aconitate in the sera of patients compared with healthy volunteers(P＜0.05),and the contents of citrate and succinate were negatively correlated with the clinical stage(P＜0.05)and were rather correlated with mid-term efficacy evaluation results(CR/PR or SD)(P＜0.05).For patients with angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma(n=6),the serum contents of cyclic AMP,citrate and succinate were significantly lower,while the content of D-glucose 6-phosphate was higher when compared with the healthy volunteers(P＜0.05),and the content of succinate was negatively correlated with both clinical stage and risk grade of the patients(P＜0.05).Conclusion There are 5 serum differential metabolites identified between patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma and healthy controls,and succinate and citrate are expected to be serum biomarkers of peripheral T-cell lymphoma.

Objective:To compare the characteristics of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) oligoclonal band electrophoresis examination results between patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), and to provide a basis for the differential diagnosis of the two types of neurological demyelinating diseases.Methods:Case analysis.The retrospective study method was used, and the patients who visited Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2020 to August 2023 were selected as the research subjects, including 70 MS patients[19 males and 51 females, aged 34 (28, 44) years] and 70 GBS patients [44 males and 26 females, aged 50 (36, 61) years]. The oligoclonal band electrophoresis and immunoglobulin G(IgG) index (IgG I) were performed on the clinical specimens from MS and GBS patients, and CSF routine, CSF biochemistry (glucose, chloride, protein), lactate, interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), antibodies to herpes simplex virus (HSV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), rubella virus (RV), toxoplasma gondii (TOX), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and coxsackievirus were detected simultaneously. The enumeration data were treated with the chi-square test. The measurement data didn′t accord with normal distribution, and were treated with the Mann-Whitney U test. Results:The positive rate of oligoclonal band (OCB) electrophoresis in MS and GBS patients were 80.00% (56/70) and 4.29% (3/70), respectively. The positive rate in MS patients was significantly higher than that in GBS patients (χ 2=82.289, P<0.001). The white blood cells count [5.50 (3.00, 11.00)/μl] and the level of chlorine [127 (125, 128) mmol/L] in CSF of MS patients was higher than that of GBS patients [3.50(2.00, 7.00)/μl, 126(124, 128) mmol/L] ( U=-2.245, P<0.05; U=-2.028, P<0.05), while the levels of CSF protein [33.40(27.61, 39.17)mg/L], glucose [3.59(3.36, 3.88) mmol/L], and lactate [1.55(1.40, 1.73) mmol/L] of MS patients were lower than those of GBS patients [6.71(43.78, 138.30) mg/L, 3.97(3.55, 4.54) mmol/L, 1.80(1.60, 2.00) mmol/L]( U=-6.747, P<0.001; U=-3.651, P<0.001; U=-4.531, P<0.001). The levels of IL-6 [3.36(2.34, 5.02) pg/ml], IL-8 [55.40(46.75, 66.40) pg/ml], and TNF-α [5.63(4.25, 6.63) pg/ml] in CSF of MS patients were lower than those of GBS patients [6.12(3.61, 11.73) pg/ml, 120.00(74.90, 187.80) pg/ml, 6.57(5.25, 8.03) pg/ml]( U=-3.463, P<0.05; U=-5.225, P<0.001; U=-2.785, P<0.05). The positive rates of CMV IgG, TOX IgG, and EBVCA IgG in CSF of MS patients were 36.36% (24/66), 0 and 0, respectively,and the positive rates of those of GBS patients were 85.71% (54/63), 30.16% (19/63), and 19.05% (12/63), respectively. The positive rates of CMV IgG, TOX IgG, and EBVCA IgG in CSF of MS patients were significantly lower than those of GBS patients (χ 2=32.839, P<0.001; χ 2=23.343, P<0.001; χ 2=13.861, P<0.001). Conclusions:The MS patients mainly showed the higher positive rates of OCB. The GBS patients showed elevated CSF protein levels but no significant increase in white blood cell count, namely albuminocytologic dissociation in CSF. Meanwhile, the GBS patients showed elevated levels of intrathecal immunity and inflammation indicators, and a higher positive rate of pathogen antibodies.

Innovation is an important way to promote economic development and social progress. Recent years have seen rapid development of biological sciences. In response to social demands and the needs for developing an innovative country, fostering innovative talents in the field of biosciences has become a significant initiative supported by national policies and the needs from talent market. Taking the innovative talent training mode implemented by Zhejiang Normal University in the field of biological sciences as an example, this paper comprehensively introduces several key aspects of the mode. This includes establishing a mentorship system as the foundation, carrying out curriculum reform through project competitions and practical platforms, and promoting synergy among industry, academia, and research in talent training. This training mode has achieved positive results in practice, promoting the training of outstanding innovative talents in biological science majors, and may facilitate the reform of talent training in similar majors.
Humans ; Biological Science Disciplines ; Industry ; Policy ; Universities

Objectives:To investigate the intravascular ultrasound(IVUS)evaluated efficacy of the"L-sandwich"technique in the percutaneous coronary intervention treatment of true bifurcation lesions of coronary artery. Methods:Ninety-nine patients with true bifurcation lesions(medina type 1.1.1)of the coronary arteries were divided into the L-sandwich group(n=38),the double-stent group(n=32),and the main vessel(MV)single-stent with side branch(SB)drug-coated balloon(DCB)only group(n=29).The primary study endpoint was the loss of late lumen area(LLAL)in the MV,SB ostium and SB shaft at 12 months,and the secondary endpoints were minimum lumen area(MLA)at each site and major adverse cardiac events(MACE)at 12 months.As this is a proof-of-concept study,statistical analyses were performed in the as-treated(AT)analysis set. Results:At 12-month follow-up,there was no statistically significant difference in the MV LLAL among patients in the"L-sandwich"technique group,the double stent technique group,and the MV DES with SB DCB technique group([0.12±0.42]mm2 vs.[0.07±0.38]mm2 vs.[-0.01±0.31]mm2,P=0.419).Similarly,there was no statistically significant difference in the LLAL at the SB shaft([-0.11±0.45]mm2 vs.[-0.10±0.28]mm2 vs.[0.24±1.04]mm2,P=0.078],with the maximum LLAL observed in the double stent technique group and the minimum in the"L-sandwich"technique group([-0.48±0.78]mm2 vs.[0.45±0.64]mm2 vs.[0.14±1.37]mm2,P<0.001).The MV MLA was similar among the three groups([8.39±1.65]mm2 vs.[8.28±0.98]mm2 vs.[8.02±1.37]mm2,P=0.565),while the maximum MLA at the SB ostium was observed in the double stent technique group and the minimum in the MV DES with SB DCB group([5.08±0.74]mm2 vs.[5.63±0.80]mm2 vs.[3.57±1.35]mm2,P<0.001).In terms of MLA at the SB shaft,the"L-sandwich"technique group was similar to the double stent technique group,while the MV DES with SB DCB group exhibited the minimum MLA([5.94±0.72]mm2 vs.[5.86±0.59]mm2 vs.[3.74±1.07]mm2,P<0.001).Two patients in the double stent technique group underwent target vessel revascularization,there was no MACE in the other two groups(P=0.118). Conclusions:The"L-sandwich"technique is safe and feasible for the treatment of coronary bifurcation lesions.Compared with double-stent group,the SB ostium has a smaller LLAL at the time of review,and there is no significant difference in the MLA of each site,and the operation steps are significantly simplified.Use of the"L-sandwich"technique is associated with a better branching benefit compared with MV single-stent group.The"L-sandwich"technique could be used as a remedial procedure for severe entrapment in the setting of branching with DCB alone.

Animals ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Macaca mulatta ; COVID-19/prevention & control* ; Antibodies, Viral ; Vaccines

Objective : To investigate the protective effect and mechanism of Hudi Enteric capsules in ionizing radiation injury to small intestinal crypt cells (IEC⁃6 cells) in rats. Methods : IEC⁃6 cells were irradiated with 6 mega electron volt X ⁃rays (2 , 4 , 6 , 8 and 10 Gy) , cell clone formation assay was used to detect cell proliferation , and the 6 Gy ionizing radiation was selected to establish a cellular radiation damage model according to the cell survival rate. The effect of each concentration ( 12. 5 , 25 , 50 , 100 and 200 μg/ml) of Hudi enteric extract on the viability of IEC⁃6 cells was examined by cell counting kit⁃8(CCK⁃8) method , and the effect on the viability of IEC⁃6 cells after irradiation at ( 10 , 20 , 40 and 80 μg/ml) concentrations was examined according to the results. After obtaining the optimal irradiation dose and extract concentration , the cells were divided into control group , model group and Hudi extract group (80 μg/ml) , the control group was pseudo⁃irradiated and the other two groups received 6 Gy of ionizing radiation , and the Hudi enteric extract group was pre⁃treated with drugs 2 h before irradiation. Apoptosis was detected by Annexin V ⁃PI double staining; cell senescence was detected by β ⁃galactosidase (β⁃Gal) staining; reactive oxygen species was detected by DCFH⁃DA fluorescent probe ; the corresponding protein expression of p16 , p21 , Catalase (CAT) and Superoxide dismutase ( SOD2) was detected by Western blot. Results : The proliferation of IEC⁃6 cells was inhibited by radiation doses ranging from 4 Gy to 10 Gy(P < 0. 001) ; (P < 0. 001) , and the apoptosis rate , β ⁃Gal positivity rate and DCFH⁃DA fluorescence intensity in the Hudi enteric extract group were lower than those in the model group (P < 0. 05) . The protein expressions of CAT and SOD2 in the Hudi extract group were higher than those in the model group ( P < 0. 05) , and the protein expressions of p16 and p21 were lower than those in the model group (P < 0. 05) . Conclusion The mechanism of action of Hudi enteric capsules that attenuate radiation damage in IEC⁃6 cells may be related to the inhibition of reactive oxygen species production , reduction of oxidative stress , and attenuation of cellular senescence and apoptosis.