Objective:To analyze the seroepidemiological characteristics of common respiratory pathogens in patients screened at a tertiary hospital in Zhangjiakou from 2018 to 2024.Methods:This single-center cross-sectional study utilized data from the laboratory information management system (LIS) of The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University. We collected clinical data and serum-specific IgM antibody test results for 11 common respiratory pathogens ( influenza A virus, influenza B virus, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydia pneumoniae, legionella pneumophila, coxsackie A virus, coxsackie B virus, echovirus and adenovirus), excluding SARS-CoV-2, from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2024. Comparative analyses were conducted across three periods: 2018-2019, 2020-2022, and 2023-2024. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 26.0, with categorical data presented as percentages and compared using χ2 tests. Results:From 2018 to 2024, a total of 35 665 patients with respiratory tract infection were screened, of which 10 531 were positive for at least one pathogen, with a total positive rate of 29.53% (10 531/35 665). Age-adjusted positive rates were highest in 2023-2024 compared to 2018-2019 and 2020-2022 ( χ2=690.789, P<0.001). The specific data are as follows: 21.35% (2 476/11 598) in 2018-2019, 24.35% (2 942/12 081) in 2020-2022, and 35.73% (4 283/11 986) in 2023-2024. Among the 11 pathogens, mycoplasma pneumoniae had the highest overall positivity rate (11.99%, 4 278/35 665), followed by influenza B virus (10.83%, 3 861/35 665), the other nine pathogens showed lower rates (0.88%-4.97%). At different time stages, the positive rates of serum IgM antibodies of various pathogens showed different changing characteristics: in 2023-2024, the positive rates of serum specific IgM antibodies against mycoplasma pneumoniae, influenza B/A virus and adenovirus increased significantly compared with those in 2020-2022, from 10.35%, 11.91%, 3.68%, 0.43% to 12.11%, 14.97%, 5.37%, 4.43% respectively ( χ2=59.150, P<0.001; χ2=579.484, P<0.001; χ2=116.263, P<0.001; χ2=654.125, P<0.001). The positive rates of serum IgM antibody in patients of different age groups also showed different changing trends. In 2023-2024, the proportion of people in 18 to 60 and ≥60 age groups increased compared with that in 2018-2019 ( χ2=325.069, P<0.001; χ2=593.612, P<0.001), while the 0 to 3, 3 to 6, and 6 to 12 age groups showed declines ( χ2=382.067, P<0.001; χ2=252.835, P<0.001; χ2=285.888, P<0.001). Regarding the composition of serum IgM antibodies in different infection patterns, the proportion of single-pathogen infections decreased in 2023-2024 compared with that in 2018-2019 ( χ2=130.19, P<0.001), while the proportion of two and three pathogen co-positive increased ( χ2=65.533, P<0.001; χ2=46.836, P<0.001).The most common single-pathogen infections were mycoplasma pneumoniae, influenza B/A virus and legionella pneumophila; the predominant dual-pathogen combinations were influenza A+B viruses, influenza B virus+ mycoplasma pneumoniae, and mycoplasma pneumoniae+ legionella pneumophila. Conclusion:From 2018 to 2024, the seroepidemiological characteristics of common respiratory pathogens changed significantly with different time stages. The positive rate of serum-specific IgM antibodies were influenced by the social environment and public health intervention measures. Serological testing is an important means for the monitoring of respiratory pathogens and the prevention and control of infections in this region.

Objective:To analyze the seroepidemiological characteristics of common respiratory pathogens in patients screened at a tertiary hospital in Zhangjiakou from 2018 to 2024.Methods:This single-center cross-sectional study utilized data from the laboratory information management system (LIS) of The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University. We collected clinical data and serum-specific IgM antibody test results for 11 common respiratory pathogens ( influenza A virus, influenza B virus, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydia pneumoniae, legionella pneumophila, coxsackie A virus, coxsackie B virus, echovirus and adenovirus), excluding SARS-CoV-2, from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2024. Comparative analyses were conducted across three periods: 2018-2019, 2020-2022, and 2023-2024. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 26.0, with categorical data presented as percentages and compared using χ2 tests. Results:From 2018 to 2024, a total of 35 665 patients with respiratory tract infection were screened, of which 10 531 were positive for at least one pathogen, with a total positive rate of 29.53% (10 531/35 665). Age-adjusted positive rates were highest in 2023-2024 compared to 2018-2019 and 2020-2022 ( χ2=690.789, P<0.001). The specific data are as follows: 21.35% (2 476/11 598) in 2018-2019, 24.35% (2 942/12 081) in 2020-2022, and 35.73% (4 283/11 986) in 2023-2024. Among the 11 pathogens, mycoplasma pneumoniae had the highest overall positivity rate (11.99%, 4 278/35 665), followed by influenza B virus (10.83%, 3 861/35 665), the other nine pathogens showed lower rates (0.88%-4.97%). At different time stages, the positive rates of serum IgM antibodies of various pathogens showed different changing characteristics: in 2023-2024, the positive rates of serum specific IgM antibodies against mycoplasma pneumoniae, influenza B/A virus and adenovirus increased significantly compared with those in 2020-2022, from 10.35%, 11.91%, 3.68%, 0.43% to 12.11%, 14.97%, 5.37%, 4.43% respectively ( χ2=59.150, P<0.001; χ2=579.484, P<0.001; χ2=116.263, P<0.001; χ2=654.125, P<0.001). The positive rates of serum IgM antibody in patients of different age groups also showed different changing trends. In 2023-2024, the proportion of people in 18 to 60 and ≥60 age groups increased compared with that in 2018-2019 ( χ2=325.069, P<0.001; χ2=593.612, P<0.001), while the 0 to 3, 3 to 6, and 6 to 12 age groups showed declines ( χ2=382.067, P<0.001; χ2=252.835, P<0.001; χ2=285.888, P<0.001). Regarding the composition of serum IgM antibodies in different infection patterns, the proportion of single-pathogen infections decreased in 2023-2024 compared with that in 2018-2019 ( χ2=130.19, P<0.001), while the proportion of two and three pathogen co-positive increased ( χ2=65.533, P<0.001; χ2=46.836, P<0.001).The most common single-pathogen infections were mycoplasma pneumoniae, influenza B/A virus and legionella pneumophila; the predominant dual-pathogen combinations were influenza A+B viruses, influenza B virus+ mycoplasma pneumoniae, and mycoplasma pneumoniae+ legionella pneumophila. Conclusion:From 2018 to 2024, the seroepidemiological characteristics of common respiratory pathogens changed significantly with different time stages. The positive rate of serum-specific IgM antibodies were influenced by the social environment and public health intervention measures. Serological testing is an important means for the monitoring of respiratory pathogens and the prevention and control of infections in this region.

Ureteral stenosis and bladder contracture after radiotherapy for cervical cancer are challenging issues in urology. Ileal ureteroplasty combined with ileal bladder augmentation is a potential method to improve hydronephrosis and voiding function of patients, however, the surgical procedure is complex, with high surgical risks and numerous intraoperative and postoperative complications, which have hindered the widespread application of this surgical technique. This article introduces our hospital's experience through a typical surgical case. During the surgery, ileal substitution for bilateral ureters was performed in combination with ileal " N-shaped" augmentation. Two weeks after the surgery, the single-J stent was removed, and the urinary catheter was removed three weeks after the surgery. The patient achieved voluntary urination control with smooth voiding. Follow-up examinations at 3 months and 18 months postoperatively showed no hydronephrosis in the bilateral ureters, normal renal function, and a significantly expanded bladder capacity.

【Objective】 To explore the causes and management of nephrostomy catheter following percutaneous nephrostolithotomy (PCNL) entering the inferior vena cava. 【Methods】 A retrospective analysis was performed on the management of two cases of nephrostomy catheter entering the inferior vena cava. The causes, changes of minimally invasive treatment and prevention plans were discussed. 【Results】 Two patients underwent digital subtraction angiography (DSA) to restore the nephrostomy tube to the renal pelvis collecting system. No renal vein rupture or bleeding occurred during the operation, and the patients’ vital signs were stable. Nephrostomy tube was removed successfully after operation. The wound healing was good, and there was no secondary hemorrhage such as perirenal hematoma. The prognosis was good. 【Conclusion】 Although intravenous nephrostomy tube misplacement is an uncommon PCNL complication, the consequences are serous. One-step retraction displacement of nephrostomy tube to the renal collecting system can effectively manage nephrostomy catheter entering the inferior vena cava.

Objective:To investigated the efficacy and safety of transurethral bladder neck incision and laparoscopic modified bladder neck Y-V plasty in the treatment of bladder neck contracture (BNC)after transurethral resection of prostate (TURP).Methods:The clinical data of 57 patients with BNC after TURP who were treated in the Department of Urology, Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine from January 2013 to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.And the patients were divided into two groups based on the different surgical approaches. There were 22 cases in the transurethral bladder neck incision group, with an average age of (73.75±7.62) years and the preoperative urinary flow Q max of (3.92±2.73) ml/s. The preoperative International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) was (26.92±3.34) points, and the quality of life (QOL) score was (4.83±0.72) points. There were 35 cases in laparoscopic modified bladder neck Y-V plasty group, with an average age of (68.57±9.31) years and the preoperative urinary flow Q max of (2.56±1.27)ml/s. The preoperative IPSS was (27.08±3.06) points, and the QOL score was (5.08±0.84) points. The patients underwent transurethral bladder neck incision: Scar tissue was incised at 3, 9, and 12 o'clock in the bladder neck, and the incision depth reached the external fat of the bladder neck at 3 and 9 o'clock. Patients with significantly elevated bladder neck were treated with plasma electrosurgical resection to remove scar tissue. The patients underwent laparoscopic modified bladder neck Y-V plasty: After proper exposition of the bladder neck, the scar tissue was excised. the anterior bladder wall was incised in an inverted Y-shaped manner, the apex of the V-shaped flap was sutured to the distal urethrotomy to create a widened bladder neck. The postoperative urinary flow Q max, IPSS, and QOL of the two groups were compared. Results:All patients underwent surgeries successfully, with a one-time success rate of 94.3% (33/35) in the laparoscopic modified bladder neck Y-V plasty group, which was higher than the one-time success rate of 68.2% (15/22) in the transurethral bladder neck incision group( P<0.01). There were statistically significant difference in operation time [(31.75±12.81)min vs. (68.57±22.36)min] and postoperative hospital stay [(1.73±0.94)d vs. (5.17±2.12)d] between the transurethral bladder neck incision group and the laparoscopic modified bladder neck Y-V plasty group ( P<0.05). The median follow-up period was 12.6 (7.3, 27.8) months. The IPSS of the transurethral bladder neck incision group and the laparoscopic modified bladder neck Y-V plasty group were (9.92±2.56) points and (7.16±2.21) points, respectively. The QOL was (2.76±1.24) points and (1.31±0.95) points, respectively. The urinary flow Q max at 6 months after operation was (15.13±4.68)ml/s and (19.96±4.17)ml/s, respectively. There was statistical significance( P<0.05). Conclusions:Both laparoscopic modified bladder neck Y-V plasty and transurethral bladder neck incision are safe and effective in the treatment of BNC after TURP, and laparoscopic modified bladder neck Y-V plasty has a better clinical therapeutic effect.

Perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa) is a rare mesenchymal tumor, mostly benign, and malignant is rare. In this paper, we report a 71-year-old male patient with left renal tumor and a 59-year-old patient with right renal tumor who underwent laparoscopic partial nephrectomy and laparoscopic radical total right nephrectomy, respectively. Postoperative pathology showed benign PEComa and malignant PEComa, respectively. Two years and 10 months of follow-up were given to the benign patient and the malignant patient after surgery, and both patients were in good general condition with no tumor recurrence or metastasis.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and feasibility of urethroplasty using inner prepuce graft combined with Orandi flap for the treatment of the obliterated penile urethral atresic stricture.Methods:From January 2016 to September 2019, the clinical data of 18 obliterated penile urethral stricture cases were analyzed retrospectively. All the patients were treated using inner prepuce flap combined with Orandi Flap. The average age of the patients was 62.1 years old (range 20-81 years old). Ten cases had suprapubic cystostomy before operation. The maximum flow rate was 1.6-6.2 ml/s, with an average of 4.2ml/s. The intubation general anesthesia and lithotomy position was used. The foreskin of penis was incised longitudinally. The urethra was exposed and the segment of stricture was opened longitudinally. The range of stricture length was measured with soft ruler, ranging from 2.0 to 7.5 cm, with an average of 5.0cm. After the fibrotic tissue was completely removed, the dorsal inner prepuce was incised with needed length and width for harvesting a free skin flap in order to transplant and reconstruct the dorsal urethral. The Orandi flap was used to cover the ventral urethra, and a F14-16 silicone catheter was retained. The length range of the inner prepuce graft was 2.0-7.5 cm, with an average of 5.1cm; the width was 1.2-1.8 cm, with an average of 1.4cm. The length of Orandi flap was 2.2-7.7 cm, with an average of 6.0cm; the width was 1.0-1.5 cm, with an average of 1.3 cm. The catheter was removed 3-4 weeks after operation. The patients were then followed up after 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively and then with annual assessments for the symptoms, urinary flow rate, and urethrography or soft urethroscopy when necessary.Results:All of the 18 operations were completed successfully. The patients were followed up for 6-36 months, with an average of 22 months. There were 5 patients with terminal dripping, 4 patients with recurrent urinary tract infection within half a year after operation, and antibiotic treatment being effective. The quality of life scores at 3 months and 6 months after operation were 0.8 (0-2) and 0.6 (0-1), respectively, which were statistically significant compared with before operation ( P<0.001). Conclusions:The use of free inner prepuce flap combined with Orandi flap is an effective treatment for the obliterated penile urethral atresic stricture, especially for the patients who are unwilling or unsuitable to harvest the oral mucosa. It has the advantages of convenient harvesting and less complications.