Objective:To establish a quality control method for the standard decoction of Polygoni Avicularis Herba.Methods:Totally 12 batches of decoction pieces from different origins were collected, the standard decoction was prepared and the quality evaluation method was established, the content of index components in the decoction pieces and the standard decoction was determined with HPLC, the index components, solution pH and other parameters were calculated, and the similarity analysis was carried out against the fingerprints.Results:The total content of myricetin in 12 batches of decoction pieces was >0.12%, and the content of myricetin in the standard decoction was >0.03%, which met the standard of the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The pH value was 5.1-5.5, the transfer rate of myricetin components ranged from 50.0%-106.3%, and the fingerprint study showed that there were 7 common peaks. The similarity analysis results indicated that the standard decoction of 12 batches of decoction pieces of Polygoni Avicularis Herba had good consistency.Conclusion:The preparation process is stable and feasible in line with the traditional decoction preparation method, and can be used for the research and quality evaluation of the standard decoction.

To introduce the general thinking, guidelines, work objectives and elaboration process of the general technical requirements adopted by volume Ⅳ of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2025 Edition, and to summarize and figure out the main characteristics on dosage forms, physico-chemical testing, microbial and biological testing, reference standards and guidelines The newly revised general chapters of pharmacopoeia give full play to the normative and guiding role of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia standard, track the frontier dynamics of international drug regulatory science and the elaboration of monographs, expand the application of state-of-the-art technologies, and steadily promote the harmonization and unification with the ICH guidelines； further enhance the overall capacity of TCM quality control, actively implement the 3 R principles on animal experiments, and practice the concept of environmental-friendly； replace and/or reduce the use of toxic and hazardous reagents, strengthen the requirements of drug safety control This paper aims to provide a full-view perspective for the comprehensive, correct understanding and accurate implementation of general technical requirements included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2025 Edition.

AIM: To explore the therapeutic effect of oral Xuefu Zhuyu Pill combined with intravitreal injection of aflibercept in the treatment of retinal vein occlusion(RVO).METHODS: A total of 80 patients(80 eyes)with RVO admitted to our hospital from January 2021 to March 2024 were prospectively selected. According to the treatment method, they were divided into a control group of 40 patients treated with intravitreal injection of aflibercept, and an observation group of 40 patients treated with oral Xuefu Zhuyu Pill combined with intravitreal injection of aflibercept. The efficacy, TCM syndrome score, retinal microcirculation parameters, macular edema(ME), and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups of patients in the treatment of RVO.RESULTS: All patients have completed follow-up. The clinical effective rate of the observation group after treatment was 95%, obviously higher than that of the control group(80%; χ2=4.114, P=0.043). After treatment for 3 mo, the traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores, foveal avascular area(FAZ)area, FAZ circumference, macular central retinal thickness, and neovascularization leakage area of both groups decreased, the overall blood flow density of the superficial capillary plexus(SCP)and deep capillary plexuses(DCP)increased, and the observation group showed better results than the control group(all P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the occurrence of adverse reactions between the two groups during the treatment period(P>0.05).CONCLUSION: Oral administration of Xuefu Zhuyu Pill combined with intravitreal injection of aflibercept in the treatment of RVO can improve retinal microcirculation, enhance vision, restore ocular blood circulation, improve bleeding, promote ME absorption, and improve clinical efficacy.

The regulatory processes in developmental biology research are significantly influenced by long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). However, the dynamics of lncRNA expression during human tooth development remain poorly understood. In this research, we examined the lncRNAs present in the dental epithelium (DE) and dental mesenchyme (DM) at the late bud, cap, and early bell stages of human fetal tooth development through bulk RNA sequencing. Developmental regulators co-expressed with neighboring lncRNAs were significantly enriched in odontogenesis. Specific lncRNAs expressed in the DE and DM, such as PANCR, MIR205HG, DLX6-AS1, and DNM3OS, were identified through a combination of bulk RNA sequencing and single-cell analysis. Further subcluster analysis revealed lncRNAs specifically expressed in important regions of the tooth germ, such as the inner enamel epithelium and coronal dental papilla (CDP). Functionally, we demonstrated that CDP-specific DLX6-AS1 enhanced odontoblastic differentiation in human tooth germ mesenchymal cells and dental pulp stem cells. These findings suggest that lncRNAs could serve as valuable cell markers for tooth development and potential therapeutic targets for tooth regeneration.
Humans ; RNA, Long Noncoding/metabolism* ; Odontogenesis/genetics* ; Tooth Germ/embryology* ; Cell Differentiation ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Mesoderm/metabolism* ; Tooth/embryology* ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Sequence Analysis, RNA ; Dental Pulp/cytology*

OBJECTIVE: The study aim was to investigate the effects of exposure to multiple environmental organic pollutants on cardiopulmonary health with a focus on the potential mediating role of oxidative stress. METHODS: A repeated-measures randomized crossover study involving healthy college students in Beijing was conducted. Biological samples, including morning urine and venous blood, were collected to measure concentrations of 29 typical organic pollutants, including hydroxy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OH-PAHs), bisphenol A and its substitutes, phthalates and their metabolites, parabens, and five biomarkers of oxidative stress. Health assessments included blood pressure measurements and lung function indicators. RESULTS: Urinary concentrations of 2-hydroxyphenanthrene (2-OH-PHE) ( β = 4.35% [95% confidence interval ( CI): 0.85%, 7.97%]), 3-hydroxyphenanthrene ( β = 3.44% [95% CI: 0.19%, 6.79%]), and 4-hydroxyphenanthrene (4-OH-PHE) ( β = 5.78% [95% CI: 1.27%, 10.5%]) were significantly and positively associated with systolic blood pressure. Exposures to 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OH-PYR) ( β = 3.05% [95% CI: -4.66%, -1.41%]), 2-OH-PHE ( β = 2.68% [95% CI: -4%, -1.34%]), and 4-OH-PHE ( β = 3% [95% CI: -4.68%, -1.29%]) were negatively associated with the ratio of forced expiratory volume in the first second to forced vital capacity. These findings highlight the adverse effects of exposure to multiple pollutants on cardiopulmonary health. Biomarkers of oxidative stress, including 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine and extracellular superoxide dismutase, mediated the effects of multiple OH-PAHs on blood pressure and lung function. CONCLUSION Exposure to multiple organic pollutants can adversely affect cardiopulmonary health. Oxidative stress is a key mediator of the effects of OH-PAHs on blood pressure and lung function.
Humans ; Oxidative Stress/drug effects* ; Male ; Cross-Over Studies ; Female ; Young Adult ; Environmental Pollutants/toxicity* ; Environmental Exposure/adverse effects* ; Biomarkers/blood* ; Adult ; Blood Pressure/drug effects* ; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons/urine* ; Beijing

BACKGROUND:Traditional therapies for temporomandibular joint disorders are limited by the severity of the condition and individual differences.In contrast,tissue engineering,as an emerging therapeutic approach,offers personalized treatment options tailored to the specific needs of patients,reducing uncertainties during surgical procedures,and enhancing clinical outcomes.OBJECTIVE:To summarize the latest research achievements and advancements in tissue engineering for temporomandibular joint repair.METHODS:Literature searches were conducted on PubMed and China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)databases using the Chinese and English search terms"temporomandibular joint,tissue engineering,seed cell,scaffold,growth factor,animal model."The search period covered the inception of each database up to March 2024.Literature screening was performed by analyzing and reviewing relevant articles according to exclusion criteria,ultimately including 57 articles for review.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)With advancements in biology,materials science,and engineering,significant progress has been made in temporomandibular joint tissue engineering,including the selection of seed cells,development of novel scaffolds,exploration of growth factor mechanisms,and construction of various animal models.Most studies are still in the in vitro experimental stage,and in vivo studies such as animal experiments are not yet widely conducted.The clinical application of tissue engineering in repairing the temporomandibular joint requires more evidence.(2)Despite the remaining challenges and issues to be addressed in temporomandibular joint tissue engineering research,it still presents vast clinical application prospects and is poised to become an excellent and efficient treatment modality for temporomandibular joint disorders in the future.

Aim To evaluate the toxicity and mecha-nism of Epimedium sagittatum(Sieb.et Zucc.)Maxim aqueous extract(ESMAE)on HepaRG cells based on serum toxicology.Methods MTT assay was used to detect the activity of HepaRG cells after treatment with the serum containing ESMAE from SD rats.Western blot was used to detect the effects of the serum contai-ning drug on the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins(PERK,eIF-2α,ATF-4,GRP78,CHOP)and pyroptosis related proteins(NL-RP1,caspase-1,cleaved caspase-1,GSDMD,GSDMD-N).MTT assay was used to detect the activity of Hep-aRG cells after treatment with the liver homogenate containing ESMAE from SD rats.Results Twenty percent serum containing drug significantly decreased the viability of HepaRG cells,with the cells exhibiting swelling,rupture,and vesicle-like pyroptosis.The ex-pression levels of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins PERK,eIF-2α,ATF-4,GRP78,and CHOP significantly increased.The expression levels of pro-teins involved in the NLRP1-mediated classical pyrop-tosis pathway were significantly increased.Finally the liver homogenate containing drug decreased the cell ac-tivity,and cells exhibited swelling,rupture,and vesicle-like pyroptosis.Conclusions After administration of ESMAE,the serum containing drug and the liver ho-mogenate containing drug of rats show toxicity to Hep-aRG cells,and can induce endoplasmic reticulum stress and activate the NLRP1/caspase-1/GSDMD pyroptosis pathway in HepaRG cells.

Objective:To investigate the effect and safety of pancreatic extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (P-ESWL) in treating the chronic pancreatitis (CP) patients with main pancreatic duct (MPD) stones and to analyze the influencing factors of success of lithotripsy.Methods:Clinical data of 132 patients with CP complicated with MPD stones treated with P-ESWL in the Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from January 2022 to December 2023 were retrospectively analyzed, including 103 males and 29 females, aged (50.3±16.9) years. The times of P-ESWL, the success rate of stone fragmentation, the necessity of combining endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatograhy (ERCP), clearance rate of MPD stones, and incidence of post-P-ESWL complications (acute pancreatitis, abdominal hematoma, infection, steinstrasse, perforation, etc.) were evaluated. The factors influencing the success rate of lithotripsy were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression.Results:All patients underwent P-ESWL treatment, with (2.23±0.82) times of P-ESWL per person. The success rate of stone fragmentation was 87.1%(115/132). Of 107 CP patients (81.1%, 107/132) were treated with their first P-ESWL. Of 12 patients (9.1%, 12/132) underwent single P-ESWL, and 120 (90.9%, 120/132) underwent P-ESWL combined with ERCP. There were 95 cases (72.0%, 95/132) with effective removal of stones, and 62 (47.0%, 62/132) with complete removal of stones. Post-P-ESWL complications included eight cases (6.1%, 8/132) of acute pancreatitis, two (7.6%, 2/132) of steinstrasse complicated with acute pancreatitis and one (0.8%, 1/132) of abdominal hematoma. No infection or perforation occurred. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the higher CT value of stones ( OR=1.239, 95% CI: 1.040-1.477, P=0.017) was associated with the lower success rate of stone fragmentation. Conclusion:P-ESWL is safe and effective in treating patients with CP complicated with MPD stones. The CT value of stones is a risk factor for the success rate of P-ESWL.

AIM:To investigate the impact of mitochondrial carrier homologous protein 2(MTCH2)on the metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma and to elucidate its underlying mechanisms.METHODS:Human tongue squamous cell carcinoma CAL-27 cells were selected as the study model.An MTCH2 inhibition and overexpression model was established using small interfering RNA(siRNA)technology and overexpression plasmids.Based on the experimental design,cells were categorized into the following groups:siRNA negative control(siRNA-NC)group,MTCH2 siRNA(siRNA-MTCH2)group,empty vector(OE-NC)group,and MTCH2 overexpression(OE-MTCH2)group.Transwell as-says and wound healing assays were conducted to assess the invasion and migration capabilities of cells in each group.The morphological changes and distribution of actin microfilaments were examined using a red fluorescent probe.The mito-chondrial membrane potential was evaluated using a mitochondrial membrane potential detection kit.The levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS)were measured using a ROS detection kit.Adenosine triphosphate(ATP)production levels were assessed with an ATP detection kit.The protein expression levels of MTCH2 and matrix metalloproteinase 14(MMP14)were analyzed through cell fluorescence and Western blot techniques.RESULTS:The number of invasive cells in the siRNA-MTCH2 group was significantly reduced,and the cell migration rate was notably decreased.Conversely,the OE-MTCH2 group exhibited a significant increase in both the number of invasive cells and the cell migration rate(P<0.01).The fluorescence intensity of F-actin and MTCH2 in the siRNA-MTCH2 group was significantly diminished,while these in-tensities were markedly elevated in the OE-MTCH2 group(P<0.01).The ROS levels in the siRNA-MTCH2 group were significantly higher than those in the siRNA-NC group,whereas the levels of ATP and mitochondrial membrane potential were significantly lower.Conversely,the ROS levels in the OE-MTCH2 group were significantly lower than those in the OE-NC group,with corresponding increases in ATP levels and mitochondrial membrane potential(P<0.01).The expres-sion levels of MTCH2 and MMP14 proteins in the siRNA-MTCH2 group were significantly lower than those in the siRNA-NC group,while the OE-MTCH2 group showed significantly higher expression levels compared to the OE-NC group(P<0.01).CONCLUSION:The MTCH2 is associated with the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma and may facili-tate the metastasis of CAL-27 cells by regulating mitochondrial function and MMP14 protein expression.Therefore,MTCH2 may represent a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of oral cancer.

Objective:To investigate whether malignant tumors affect the laboratory outcomes of patients in their first controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) cycle.Methods:This study was a retrospective case-control study that analyzed the clinical and laboratory data of patients who underwent fertility preservation before chemotherapy and radiotherapy due to malignant tumors, as well as patients with infertility caused by tubal factors who first underwent in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) at the Reproductive Health Hospital of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2020 to May 2024. Patients who underwent fertility preservation were designated as the research group, while patients who underwent assisted reproduction due to tubal factors during the same period were designated as control group. After 1∶3 propensity score matching (PSM), 40 patients were included in the research group and 118 patients were included in control group. The ovarian response, oocyte retrieval outcomes, and embryonic development after fertilization in the first COH cycle were compared between the two groups. Results:After PSM, the research group and control group showed statistically significant differences in the gonadotropin (Gn) starting dosage [225.00 (162.50, 300.00) U vs. 193.75 (150.00, 225.00) U, P=0.002], duration of Gn used [10.00 (8.00, 11.00) d vs. 12.00 (10.00, 13.00) d, P<0.001], and average estradiol levels on human chorionic gonadotropin trigger day [2 487.00 (1 461.25, 4 090.25) pmol/L vs. 10 738.50 (8 400.00, 16 507.25) pmol/L, P<0.001]. However, no statistically significant difference was found in the total dosages of Gn used between the two groups ( P>0.05). There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of the number of oocytes retrieved, the number of metaphase Ⅱ oocytes, two pronuclei (2PN) rate, 2PN cleavage rate, available embryo rate, high-quality embryo rate, blastocyst formation rate, and available blastocyst formation rate (all P>0.05). Conclusion:Compared with infertility patients with tubal factors, there is no significant difference in the laboratory outcomes of malignant tumor patients undergoing COH for fertility preservation prior to chemotherapy and radiation.