BackgroundAnxiety disorder is a common mental disorder， with its prevalence showing a continuous upward trend， significantly affecting the quality of life and social function of patients. Due to the lack of objective and reliable biomarkers in clinical practice， the early identification and treatment of anxiety disorder have been somewhat limited. Plasma proteins have the potential to serve as biomarkers for mental diseases， however， the causal relationship between them and anxiety disorder remains unclear. ObjectiveTo identify the plasma proteins that have a causal relationship with anxiety disorders， and to elucidate the associated biological pathways， in order to provide references for the search for biomarkers of anxiety disorders and the exploration of potential therapeutic targets. MethodsBased on the protein quantitative trait locus （pQTL） data of 4 907 plasma proteins covering 35 559 Icelandic individuals from the deCODE database， and the genome-wide association studies （GWAS） data of 50 486 patients with anxiety disorders and 330 460 healthy controls， the inverse-variance weighted （IVW） method was used as the main analysis method， supplemented by MR-Egger method， weighted median method， simple model method， and weighted model method for bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis. Enrichment analysis of gene ontology （GO） and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） pathways was conducted for the related proteins. Sensitivity analysis was performed using Cochran's Q test， MR-Egger intercept test， MR-PRESSO test， and leave-one-out analysis to evaluate the robustness of the results. ResultsA total of 10 plasma proteins were identified as significantly associated with anxiety disorders. Among these， SPATA9 （OR=0.856， 95% CI： 0.784–0.934， P<0.01） and PDE5A （OR=0.911， 95% CI： 0.864–0.961， P<0.01） were identified as protective factors， while CRYGD （OR=1.209， 95% CI： 1.095–1.334， P<0.01）， BTN3A3 （OR=1.045， 95% CI： 1.018–1.073， P<0.01）， SERPINB13 （OR=1.102， 95% CI： 1.040–1.168， P<0.01）， ERBB4 （OR=1.283， 95% CI： 1.109–1.484， P<0.01）， LSAMP （OR=1.096， 95% CI： 1.037–1.158， P<0.01）， ICOSLG （OR=1.283， 95% CI： 1.104–1.490， P<0.01）， DNAJB11 （OR=1.172， 95% CI： 1.076–1.277， P<0.01）， and TREML1 （OR=1.115， 95% CI： 1.054–1.179， P<0.01） were identified as risk factors. The sensitivity analysis showed that the results were robust， with no heterogeneity （Cochran's Q test P>0.05） or pleiotropy （MR-Egger intercept test P>0.05）. Enrichment analysis indicated that these plasma proteins were enriched in biological processes such as T-cell signal transduction， lymphocyte proliferation， cell membrane structure and synaptic function， as well as the intestinal immune network that produces IgA and the ErbB signaling pathway. ConclusionThis study identified 10 plasma proteins associated with anxiety disorders. The functions of these plasma proteins involve multiple biological processes such as neural development and immune regulation.

Microorganisms are closely associated with human health, and their pathogenicity is a key factor in various infectious diseases, particularly in dentistry, where they contribute to common conditions such as dental caries, periodontitis, and oral mucosal diseases. Accurate and rapid microbial detection is crucial for early diagnosis, targeted therapy, and disease prevention. Conventional methods, including bacterial culture and molecular biological assays, offer specificity but are limited by long detection cycles, complex procedures, and dependence on laboratory conditions. Terahertz (THz) spectroscopy has emerged as a promising tool in microbial detection due to its non-ionizing nature, high sensitivity, and specific responses to water molecules and biomacromolecules. Integrating THz time-domain spectroscopy, near-field imaging, and metamaterial-enhanced techniques, studies have demonstrated the ability of this approach to effectively distinguish bacteria, fungi, and yeast, differentiate gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, and even assess bacterial viability. Machine learning has further enhanced feature extraction and classification accuracy, and THz-based methods have shown notable advantages in multi-class microbial identification, detection of antibiotic-resistant strains, and quantitative analysis of microbial concentrations. However, current THz technologies are still constrained by strong water absorption, limited penetration depth, and the lack of standardized spectral databases. Future efforts should focus on mitigating water background interference, improving detection in complex samples, and establishing unified microbial spectral standards. This review systematically summarizes the latest advances of THz technologies in microbial detection, analyzes their mechanisms, advantages, and translational challenges, and proposes directions for future research.

Objective To analyze the infection status and epidemic trends of soil-borne nematode infections in Yubei, Chongqing City, in 2010,2021, and 2022. Methods The local populations from four survey sites of four towns in 2010 and five sites of five towns in 2021 and 2022 were surveyed regarding their basic information using a unified form. Fecal samples of the participants were collected and tested for soil-borne nematode infections using the modified Kato-Katz thick smear method. Results In 2010, 2 049 participants were surveyed, followed by 1 000 participants in 2021 and 2022. The overall prevalence of parasitic infections declined significantly from 3.86% to 0.20%. In 2010, soil-transmitted nematode included hookworms(3.81%) and roundworms(0.29%). In 2021, the infection rates of roundworms and hookworms were 1.70% and 0.10% respectively. Notably, only Ascaris was identified in 2022(0.20%). The≥60 age group consistently exhibited the highest infection rates across all surveys, followed by the 40-59 age group. The infection rates of males in the three surveys were 3.31%,1.92%, and 0.20% respectively, and those of females were 4.37%, 1.46%, and 0.20% respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the infection rates between males and females. Educational attainment was inversely associated with infection; in 2010, the highest prevalence was observed among those with primary education or below, whereas in 2021, illiterate or semi-literate individuals showed the highest susceptibility. The occupational distribution of infections in 2010 indicated that retirees (8.33%), farmers(4.86%), and homemakers or unemployed individuals(3.45%)were the most affected. However, in 2021 and 2022, farmers emerged as the predominant occupational group with soil-transmitted nematode infections. Conclusions The infection rate of soil-borne nematodes showed a decreasing trend in Yubei, and the infection species changed from hookworms in 2010 to Ascaris in 2022. Farmers, the elderly, and people with low education levels should continue to be the focus of preventive and control efforts.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical effect of minimally invasive technique in the treatment of moderate and severe gluteal muscle contracture. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on 85 patients (170 sides) with bilateral gluteal muscle contracture admitted from January 2016 to December 2019. All patients were treated with minimally invasive release of tendon knife. There were 32 males and 53 females, ranging in age from 15 to 37 years old, with an average age of (22.3±6.3) years old. Operation time, intraoperative blood loss, incision length, first postoperative ambulation time, complication rate, recurrence rate, and Harris hip score (HHS) were analyzed and evaluated. RESULTS: The average follow-up time was (16.2±4.6) months, ranging from 12 to 30 months. The operation time ranged from 7 to 15 min, with an average of (10.2±3.1) min. Intraoperative blood loss ranged from 2 to 20 ml, with an average of (8.4±2.2) ml. The incision length ranged from 0.6 to 2.0 cm, with an average of (0.8±0.3) cm. The time to postoperative ambulation ranged from 12 to 28 h, with an average of (20.0±3.2) h. All patients achieved primary wound healing without sciatic nerve injury or recurrence. HHS hip function scores ranged from 90 to 98, with an average score of (96.2±1.4). Complications included intraoperative tendon blade tip fracture in two cases (removed under fluoroscopic guidance) and subcutaneous hematoma in three cases-two resolved with compression and one with open evacuation.. Twenty-nine patients exhibited transient swaying gait postoperatively, of which 24 patients returned to normal after 4 weeks and 5 patients returned to normal after 6 weeks. CONCLUSION Minimally invasive tendon blade release is a safe and effective technique for treating gluteal muscle contracture, offering minimal trauma, rapid recovery, and excellent cosmetic and functional outcomes. However, it exhibits a low risk of blade tip fracture and sciatic nerve injury, warranting experienced surgical handling.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures/methods* ; Adolescent ; Retrospective Studies ; Buttocks/surgery* ; Young Adult ; Contracture/surgery* ; Tendons/surgery* ; Muscle, Skeletal/surgery*

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the one-year outcomes of valve-in-valve transcatheter mitral valve replacement (ViV-TMVR) using SAPIEN 3 valve for treating mitral bioprosthetic valve failure. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 26 patients with mitral bioprosthetic valve failure who underwent ViV-TMVR at West China Hospital, Sichuan University, between November 2022 and July 2024. The age of patients was 71.5 (64.5, 74.5) years, and 69.2% were female. Bioprosthetic valve failure occurred at (9.7±3.7) years after initial surgical implantation, with the most common failure mode being mixed stenosis and regurgitation (53.8%). The SAPIEN 3 valve was implanted via either a transseptal or transapical approach. Echocardiography was performed preoperatively, immediately post-procedure, and at 1 month, 6 months, and 1 year post-procedure. Outcomes included all-cause mortality, New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class, Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ)-12 score, and postoperative complications. RESULTS: The procedure was performed via the transseptal approach in 21 patients (80.8%) and the transapical approach in 5 patients (19.2%). All procedures were technically successful. No paravalvular leakage was observed immediately post-procedure, and mitral valve hemodynamics improved significantly. At the 1-year follow-up, 2 patients had died. Two patients (8.3% of survivors) were of NYHA functional class Ⅲ, and KCCQ-12 score improved to (88.4±14.6) points (both P<0.01). Echocardio-graphy at 1 year postoperatively showed significant reductions in peak mitral valve velocity [to (2.29±0.32) m/s] and mean transvalvular pressure gradient [to (9.5±3.5) mmHg, 1 mmHg=0.133 kPa] compared to baseline (both P<0.05). No moderate or severe mitral regurgitation or paravalvular leakage was observed. The proportion of patients with moderate-to-severe pulmonary hypertension decreased from 65.4% preoperatively to 13.0% at 1 year (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS ViV-TMVR with the SAPIEN 3 valve for mitral biopro-sthetic valve failure is associated with high procedural success, significantly improved valve hemodynamics of the mitral value, alleviation of pulmonary hypertension, enhanced quality of life, and a low rate of complications at 1 year after the operation.
Humans ; Female ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Aged ; Bioprosthesis ; Heart Valve Prosthesis ; Mitral Valve/surgery* ; Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation/methods* ; Middle Aged ; Prosthesis Failure ; Treatment Outcome ; Mitral Valve Insufficiency/surgery*

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between long-term glycemic control and cerebral infarction risk in patients with diabetes through a large-scale cohort study. METHODS: This prospective, community-based cohort study included 12,054 patients with diabetes. From 2006 to 2012, 38,272 fasting blood glucose (FBG) measurements were obtained from these participants. FBG trajectory patterns were generated using latent mixture modelling. Cox proportional hazards models were applied to assess the subsequent risk of cerebral infarction associated with different FBG trajectory patterns. RESULTS: At baseline, the mean age of the participants was 55.2 years. Four distinct FBG trajectories were identified based on FBG concentrations and their changes over the 6-year follow-up period. After a median follow-up of 6.9 years, 786 cerebral infarction events were recorded. Different trajectory patterns were associated with significantly varied outcome risks (Log-Rank P < 0.001). Compared with the low-stability group, Hazard Ratio ( HR) adjusted for potential confounders were 1.37 for the moderate-increasing group, 1.23 for the elevated-decreasing group, and 2.08 for the elevated-stable group. CONCLUSION Sustained high FBG levels were found to play a critical role in the development of ischemic stroke among patients with diabetes. Controlling FBG levels may reduce the risk of cerebral infarction.
Humans ; Cerebral Infarction/blood* ; Middle Aged ; Male ; Female ; Blood Glucose/analysis* ; Fasting/blood* ; Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Diabetes Mellitus/blood* ; Adult ; Proportional Hazards Models

Geriatric oral health care encounters significant challenges with the increase in the proportion of older individuals. Age-related changes in the dentition, muscles, and joints result in a decline in objective masticatory function, subjective restoration requirements, and acceptability among the elderly population, with individual variations influenced by systemic health. Considering functional requirements, the adaptability of stomatognathic and systemic health conditions, health economics and other factors, the authors believe that it should not be limited to the conventional "one-to-one" strategy for replacing missing teeth in geriatric prosthodontics. There is an urgent need for a precise and adaptable restoration strategy that is more suitable for older individuals. The proposal of a new concept of functional tooth loss updates the minimal restoration standards for elderly patients and establishes the theory of age-friendly functional restoration. Based on the restoration strategy of functional tooth loss, this paper proposes a new concept termed "age-friendly functional restoration of the stomatognathic system", which integrates treatment considerations including endodontics, periodontology, mucosa, muscles, temporomandibular joint, and systemic health. Efforts should be made in four areas as follows. Firstly, the "assessment of accessible function" should be enhanced by considering the interrelationship between stomatognathic and systemic health. Secondly, the "evaluation of appropriate function" is supposed to be optimised in view of subjective needs and objective evaluation of the stomatognathic system. Moreover, the "formulation of treatment plans" needs to be accomplished with the aid of assistive technologies, such as artificial intelligence, to accurately exert appropriate functional restoration. Lastly, the "management and maintenance of health" is likely to be strengthened through follow-ups, propaganda and education, and preventive healthcare, so as to improve quality of life and ultimately achieve healthy ageing among older individuals.
Humans ; Tooth Loss/therapy* ; Aged ; Stomatognathic System ; Oral Health ; Dental Care for Aged ; Dental Restoration, Permanent/methods*

The single photon counting imaging detector based on microchannel plate(MCP)has the characteristics of high sensitivity and low dark count rate,and has been applied to the optical remote sensing detection of weak ultraviolet spectral signals in space.In this work,by using planar array single photon counting imaging detector as the detector,flat-field concave grating as the splitter,and electrodeless discharge lamp(EDL)as the excitation light source,a dispersion detection system suitable for hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry(HG-AFS)was developed.The wavelength calibration of the system was carried out,and the negative high pressure and EDL stability time of the planar array single photon counting imaging detector were analyzed and optimized.The characteristic emission spectral lines of As and Bi elements excited in the wavelength range of 180-320 nm were analyzed,and the scattering interference in the wavelength range of 257.3-306.7 nm was discussed.The results showed that the AFS dispersion detection system based on the planar array single photon counting imaging detector could detect and analyze the HG-AFS fluorescence signal initially,and the influence of scattering interference on the detection results was effectively avoided.The system had the advantages including simple structure,no refrigeration and temperature control,no moving parts and simultaneous measurement of multi-band.

Objective To investigate the genetic differences among different populations based on 13 autosomal STR loci in CODIS core.Methods Data of 13 autosomal STR loci(CSF1PO,FGA,THO1,TPOX,vWA,D3S1358,D5S818,D7S820,D8S1179,D13S317,D16S539,D18S51,D21S11)were collected from 95 populations in scientific journals between 1999 and 2021,soursed from the PubMed database,which had been published.Allele frequencies of loci were sorted out and forensic genetic parameters including gene differentiation coefficient(Gst),total heterozygosity(Ht),subpopula-tion heterozygosity(Hs)values,and Nei's DA genetic distance were calculated.Principal component analysis,phylogenetic tree,and multidimensional scale analysis were conducted to assess population ge-netic structure.Results A total of 265 alleles were detected at the 13 STR loci in these 95 popula-tions.The mean values of Gst,Ht,and Hs were 0.023 247,0.797 915 and 0.779 365.Population genetic analyses reflected significant differences among populations from Asia,Africa and Europe.In Asian populations,there was a certain degree of distinction between mainland and island populations;the Han population showed a certain degree of distinction with surrounding populations in mainland;while within the Han population,there were two distinct clusters formed by the northern Han and the south-ern Han.Conclusion The 13 autosomal STR loci in CODIS core demonstrate potential value for popu-lation identification across different groups,and may be used for the differentiation of ethnic groups,among different continental populations.

BackgroundGenetic factor plays an important role in the pathogenesis of panic disorder. Previous studies have revealed that immune system dysregulation is closely related to mental disorders such as panic disorder， while the relationship between panic disorder and immune-related gene expression remains unclear. ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between the expression of CXCL8， IL6R， JUN， PTGS2， TGFBR1， TLR2， CCR4 genes and panic disorder， providing references for the diagnosis and treatment of panic disorder. MethodsA total of 52 patients who met the diagnostic criteria for panic disorder according to the Diagnosed and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders， fourth edition （DSM-IV） were enrolled at the Psychosomatic Medicine Center of Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital from January 2020 to March 2021. Another 72 healthy individuals matched for age and gender from Chengdu were concurrently recruited as control group. The Panic Disorder Severity Scale （PDSS） was used to assess the severity of symptoms in panic disorder patients. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction （PCR） was used to detect gene expression levels in two groups. Spearman correlation analysis was adopted to determine the correlation between PDSS score and immune-related gene expression in research group. ResultsThe expression of the JUN， PTGS2 and TGFBR1 genes were significant higher in panic disorder patients than those in control group （Z=-4.172， -2.086， -3.018， P<0.05 or 0.01）. After false discovery rate （FDR） correction for multiple testing， the differential expression of JUN and TGFBR1 genes remained statistically significant between two groups （P<0.05）. There was no significant difference in the expression of CCR4， CXCL8， IL6R and TLR2 genes between two groups （P>0.05）. Correlation analysis revealed that the expression of the JUN gene in panic disorder patients was positively correlated with PDSS score （r=0.360， P<0.01）， while the CCR4， CXCL8， IL6R， PTGS2， TGFBR1 and TLR2 genes showed no statistically significant correlation with the PDSS score （P>0.05）. ConclusionThe expression of the JUN and TGFBR1 genes may be associated with panic disorder， and the expression of the JUN gene correlated with the severity of panic disorder. ［Funded by Science and Technology Plan Project of Sichuan Provincial Department of Science and Technology （number， 2021YJ0440）］