Objective: A high rate of implant failure is frequently observed in osteoporotic spines. The majority of patients with osteoporosis are relatively old and are often unfit for general anesthesia due to various systemic comorbidities. Cement-augmented pedicle screw fixation is designed to improve stability and fixation strength in patients with compromised bone quality. Methods: A total of 45 patients (23 women and 22 men), with a mean age of 71.37 years (range, 53–94 years), diagnosed with osteoporosis (T score > -2.5) and deemed unfit for general anesthesia, underwent instrumentation with polymethylmethacrylate augmentation of cannulated pedicle screws. In total, 214 pedicle screws were inserted: 28 patients received 4 screws and 17 patients received 6 screws, all with cement augmentation. Preoperative and postoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) scores for pain, as well as Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) questionnaire data, were analyzed. Screw migration, defined as the distance from the screw tip to the anterior cortex and the upper endplate of the vertebra, was also evaluated immediately after surgery. The mean follow-up period was 15.3 months. Results: The mean preoperative VAS was 8.76 (range, 7–10). As intractable pain was the most common complaint, significant improvement was observed postoperatively: the mean postoperative VAS decreased to 2.24 (range, 0–5) (p<0.001). ODI scores also showed significant improvement in quality of life as measured by the ODI (p<0.001). Conclusion Our results support the use of cement-augmented pedicle screw fixation in medically unfit patients with osteoporosis. This technique appears effective in increasing stabilization of fixation and preventing screw loosening in this patient population. The main complication observed was cement leakage.

Purpose: S1 pedicle screw loosening remains a significant challenge in lumbosacral fixation due to the unique anatomical and biomechanical properties of the sacrum. Traditional trajectories often face limitations, including poor screw hold and an elevated risk of complications. This study introduces the Vishal Peshattiwar (VP) trajectory for S1 pedicle screw placement, aiming to optimize screw positioning, improve construct stability, and reduce associated complications. Methods: A prospective analysis was conducted on 117 patients undergoing L5–S1 minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF) and multilevel MIS-TLIF including the L5–S1 level between June 2019 and August 2022. In total, 234 S1 pedicle screws were placed using the VP trajectory under O-arm-guided 3-dimensional computed tomography navigation. Screw parameters, including length, entry point, and angulation, were analyzed. Finite element analysis (FEA) was performed using Altair OptiStruct software to assess displacement forces and elemental stresses. Results: The average screw length was 45.90 mm in men and 44.88 mm in women. The caudocranial angle ranged from 50° to 65°, and the lateromedial angle from 18° to 25°. FEA demonstrated reduced displacement forces and elemental stresses, indicating improved construct stability. At a 2- to 4-year follow-up, complications were minimal, with 1 case of bilateral screw breakage and 1 dural tear. Conclusion The VP trajectory provides an improved approach for S1 screw placement, offering enhanced biomechanical stability, reduced complications, and better long-term outcomes. Its application is most effective with minimally invasive surgical techniques and navigation assistance.

Epithelioid inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma (EIMS) is an aggressive subtype of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) harboring anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene fusions and is associated with high risk of local recurrence and poor prognosis. Herein, we present a young, non-smoking male who presented with complaints of cough and dyspnoea and was found to harbor a large right lower lobe lung mass. Biopsy showed a high-grade epithelioid to rhabdoid tumor with ALK and desmin protein expression. The patient initially received 5 cycles of crizotinib and remained stable for 1 year; however, he then developed multiple bony metastases, for which complete surgical resection was performed. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of EIMS, with ALK gene rearrangement demonstrated by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Postoperatively, the patient is asymptomatic with stable metastatic disease on crizotinib and has been started on palliative radiotherapy. EIMS is a very rare subtype of IMT that needs to be included in the differential diagnosis of ALKexpressing lung malignancies in young adults.

Adansonia digitata L. (Malvaceae) is commonly known as baobab tree native to Africa. Baobab is a multi-purpose tree which offers protection and provides food, clothing and medicine as well as raw material for many useful items. The fruit pulp, seeds, leaves, flowers, roots, and bark of baobab are edible and they have been studied by scientists for their useful properties. The fruit pulp have very high vitamin C, calcium, phosphorus, carbohydrates, fibers, potassium, proteins and lipids content, which can be used in seasoning as an appetizer and also make juices. Seeds contain appreciable quantities of phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, sodium, iron, manganese, whereas they have high levels of lysine, thiamine, calcium and iron. Baobab has numerous biological properties including antimicrobial, anti-malarial, diarrhoea, anaemia, asthma, antiviral, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities amongst others. Phytochemical investigation revealed the presence of flavonoids, phytosterols, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins and minerals. The review summarizes the information on various aspects of traditional information, taxonomic description, medicinal properties and importantly nutritional value.

OBJECTIVEThe present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of diosmin in diabetic neuropathy in type 2 diabetic rats.

METHODSType 2 diabetes was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg) and high-fat diet. Four weeks after the confirmation of diabetes, diabetic rats were treated with diosmin (50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) for next 4 weeks. Rats were evaluated for biochemical, behavioral and oxidative stress parameters. Eddy's hot plate and tail immersion test were performed on 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th and 10th weeks of experiment to assess thermal hyperalgesia and cold allodynia respectively. Further, the walking function test was performed for assessing the motor responses at the end of the treatment schedule.

RESULTSRats were fed with high-fat diet throughout the experiment schedule and administration of low-dose streptozotocin induced significant elevation in blood glucose level and insulin resistance which was confirmed by oral glucose tolerance test. Treatment with diosmin at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg significantly restored the reduced body weight, elevated blood sugar and lipid profiles. Further the dose-dependent improvement was observed in thermal hyperalgesia, cold allodynia and walking function in diabetic rats treated with diosmin. Elevated levels of malondialdehyde, and nitric oxide and decreased glutathione levels and superoxide dismutase activity in diabetic rats were restored significantly after the 4 weeks of diosmin treatment.

CONCLUSIONDiosmin has shown beneficial effect in preventing the progression of early diabetic neuropathy in rats.

Animals ; Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; Cholesterol ; metabolism ; Citrus ; chemistry ; Diabetic Neuropathies ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; prevention & control ; Diosmin ; administration & dosage ; Glutathione ; metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Plant Extracts ; administration & dosage ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of diosmin in diabetic neuropathy in type 2 diabetic rats.

Objective: To evaluate the antibacterial activity of the petroleum ether extract of root of Buteamonosperma B. monosperma was studied against Staphylococcus faecalis (S. faecalis), Sterptococcus faecalis (S. faecalis), Aeromonas hydrophilia (A. hydrophilia), Salmonela typhae (S. typhae), Stphylococcus cohni (S. cohni), Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Serratia ficaria (S. ficaria) by using well diffusion method. Results: Petroleum ether extract of root of B. monosperma exhibited a prominent inhibitory effect against bacterial strains. Conclusion: From the result it can be concluded that the B. monosperma extract has potent in vitro antibacterial activity. (B. monosperma). Method: In vitro antibacterial activity of petroleum ether i.e.