The application of artificial intelligence (AI) technology in the field of radiation protection is gradually becoming a key force driving industrial development. This paper focuses on the applications of AI technology in radiation monitoring, shielding design, and nuclear science data mining, and prospects its future development. Through real-time monitoring and predictive analysis, AI technology has significantly improved the accuracy and efficiency of radiation monitoring, optimized the selection and configuration of shielding materials, and effectively reduced radiation exposure. Additionally, AI's data mining capabilities provide powerful tools for nuclear reactor design and optimization, promoting innovation in nuclear and radiological sciences. Despite technical challenges and ethical issues such as accuracy, data processing, and algorithmic transparency, the application prospects of AI in radiation protection remain broad. This paper emphasizes the critical role of AI technology in enhancing medical safety and efficiency, and foresees more future innovations and applications in the field of radiation protection.
Radiation Protection/methods* ; Artificial Intelligence ; Radiation Monitoring ; Humans ; Data Mining ; Algorithms

With the rapid development of nuclear medicine, the number of nuclear medical staff has increased a lot in the past few years in China. Close-range operations, such as preparation and injections of radiopharmaceuticals, are usually carried out in nuclear medicine department. And the use of unsealed radionuclides may also create internal exposure risk. So, occupational exposure of nuclear medical staff is a main issue of occupational health management in China. In this paper, the occupational exposure level and requirements for radiation protection of nuclear medical staff are introduced to provide references for the related work that radiological health technical institutions carry out.
Humans ; Radiation Protection ; China ; Medical Staff ; Occupational Exposure/prevention & control* ; Occupational Health

As a kind of class II medical device, medical optical radiation protective eyewears should meet the requirements of safety and effectiveness. In this study, the evaluation system of medical optical radiation protective eyewears is established. Combined with the medical device registration unit division guidelines, the classification method of medical optical radiation protective eyewears is given. Medical optical radiation protective eyewears are not only assembled spectacles, but also have special optical radiation protection performance. The performance evaluation method of medical optical radiation protective eyewears and the evaluation method of shelf life for medical optical radiation protective eyewears are given.
Radiation Protection

Objective: To investigate the individual external dose level of some interventional radiology staffs from 2016 to 2020 in Tianjin City. Methods: All 2068 interventional radiology staffs who were included in the work of the Radiation Monitoring Project from 2016 to 2020 were selected as study subjects in March 2021. The individual dose monitoring results of interventional radiology staffs of different ages, working years, time and medical institutions were analyzed. Results: Among 2068 interventional radiology workers, 1406 (67.99%) were male and 662 (32.01%) were female. The age was 44.6 (39.2, 50.3) years, and the working years was 10.5 (4.3, 14.6) years. The annual effective doses per capita of 40-49 age group and ≥50 age group were higher than that of 30-39 age group (P<0.05) . The annual effective dose per capita of 5-9 working years was higher than that of <5 working years, and the annual effective dose per capita of 10-29 working years was higher than that of 5-9 working years (P<0.05) . The median per capita annual effective dose of the interventional radiology staffs was 0.164 mSv. There were 1976 interventional radiology staffs with an annual effective dose of <0.50 mSv/a (95.6%) . The collective dose distribution ration SR(0.5) was 41.1%. The difference of effective dose per capita in each year was statistically significant (H=19.23, P<0.05) . The per capita annual effective dose of interventional radiology staffs in tertiary medical institutions was higher than that in secondary medical institutions, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) . Conclusion: The personal dose of interventional radiology staffs in Tianjin City is at a low level. It is necessary to emphasize the radiation hazard protection of interventional radiology staffs in tertiary medical institutions, 40-49 years old, ≥50 years old age groups and 5-9, 10-29 working years groups.
Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Exposure/prevention & control* ; Radiation Dosage ; Radiation Monitoring/methods* ; Radiation Protection ; Radiology, Interventional

Background: The ionizing radiation produced by X-ray baggage scanners may cause harmful health effects to the health of occupational workers and members of the public. Hence, the International Commission on Radiological Protection recommends that radiation exposures from X-ray baggage scanners be kept as low as reasonably achievable. Objectives: This study was done to assess the occupational risk from the measured ambient radiation from anti-crime X-ray scanners from a hotel and a port facility in Metro Manila. This was done by comparing the measured radiation levels with the acceptable limits required by the Center for Device Regulation, Radiation Health, and Research (CDRRHR) –Department of Health (DOH) – Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Methodology: Ambient radiation of X-ray baggage scanners from Manila North Harbour Port Inc. (MNHPI) and Marriott Hotel Manila (MHM) were measured using RaySafe Xi survey detector while both machines were in operation. Measurements were done at a five-cm distance from the surface of the scanner console, front, back, left, and right sides. Peak measurements of ambient radiation were then obtained to overestimate the scattered radiation dose received by the worker assigned to the scanner. Values from the peak measurement were then compared with the limits set by the CDRRHR-DOH-FDA. Results: The maximum measured ambient radiations at 5 cm from the surface of the machine were 0.590 μSv/hr and 3.519 μSv/hr from MNHPI and MHM, respectively. Both peak measurements were less than the 5.000 μSv/hr limit set by the CDRRHR-DOH-FDA. Conclusion Measurements from both facilities are within the required limit of the 5 μSv/hr at 5 cm distance from the external surface of the X-ray baggage scanner, set by the CDRRHR-DOH-FDA. It was also seen that the calculated annual occupation dose of the operator is within the limits set by ICRP. It is also recommended to study measuring at other distances from the surface of the scanner to determine whether safety protocols should be reassessed.
Radiation Protection

Objective To design a novel automatic dispensing and injecting system of positron radiopharmaceuticals,for precise dose dispensing,simplified operation,and reduction of occupational radiation exposure. Methods The automatic dispensing and injecting system was fabricated with tungsten alloy as the shielding material.The performance and radiation protection of the device were assessed. Results The total time of injection using the automatic dispensing and injecting system was about 60 s.The ratio of successful injection in stability test was 100%.The deviation of the dispensing dose with the system was ≤3%.With the tungsten alloy shield(40 mmPb of the cabinet,60 mmPb of the countertop,15 mmPb of the protective shield,and 50 mmPb of the inbuilt jar for radiopharmaceuticals),the average dose rate at 30 cm from the device was 1.44 μSv/h,and the radiation dose at the operator's extremity was reduced by 99%. Conclusions This automatic dispensing and injecting system of positron radiopharmaceuticals is easy to operate with precise dispensing dose.It is safe and meets the requirements of radiation protection.
Electrons ; Occupational Exposure/analysis* ; Radiation Dosage ; Radiation Protection ; Radiopharmaceuticals

Ionizing radiation causes the massive apoptosis of human tissue cells,leading to dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract and hematopoietic system.Thus,high-efficiency,low-toxicity radiation protection drugs are urgently needed.Toll-like receptor agonists have been developed based on the anti-apoptotic mechanism of tumor cells in recent years,which exert their radioprotective effects by activating downstream pathways,mainly nuclear factor-κB.Here we elucidate several agonists of Toll-like receptors involved in radiation protection,with an attempt to inform the research and development of new radiation protection agents.
Apoptosis ; Humans ; NF-kappa B ; Radiation Protection ; Radiation, Ionizing ; Radiation-Protective Agents/pharmacology* ; Toll-Like Receptors/agonists*

Compared with conventional high energy X-ray radiotherapy, proton/carbon ion has obvious advantages because of its Bragg peak dose distribution. However, proton heavy ion facility has complex structure, high energy and various radiation types due to various nuclear reaction processes, the radiation protection safety brought by the operation of facilities has gradually attracted attention. Taking the proton/carbon ion radiotherapy facility of Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center as an example, the author mainly analyzed the operation principle of proton/carbon ion treatment facility, the basis of radiation protection, analysis of key radiation source points, etc., so as to provide theoretical support and experience for radiation protection.
China ; Heavy Ion Radiotherapy ; Heavy Ions ; Occupational Exposure/prevention & control* ; Protons ; Radiation Protection ; Radiotherapy

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The aim of this study is to describe the outcome of the national survey and to determine the endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) quality in Korea by comparing with the quality indicators. METHODS: We used the database of Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service and then performed anonymous national survey. RESULTS: Completed questionnaires were returned by 129 of 157 ERCP endoscopists. In Korea, annual ERCP rates have been consistently increased over years. Individual ERCP volume was high (>200 per year) in about half of ERCP endoscopists. Most ERCP endoscopists performed all of level I procedures. However, manometry, cholangiopancreatoscopy, and pancreatic procedures were performed mostly in institutions with high hospital volume. The rate of overall success was more than 90% in most ERCP endoscopists. However, the rate of precut sphincterotomy was high in more than a fourth of ERCP endoscopists. Twelve ERCP endoscopists experienced post-ERCP mortality within recent 1 year. ERCP training and radiation protection during ERCP did not meet the standard of quality indicators especially in institutions with low or moderate hospital volume. CONCLUSIONS: Technical issues during ERCP procedures in Korea fulfill the standard of quality indicators. However, a great effort is needed to improve issues about ERCP training and radiation protection.
Anonyms and Pseudonyms ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ; Insurance, Health ; Korea ; Manometry ; Mortality ; Radiation Protection ; Republic of Korea ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: There is substantial need for optimizing radiation protection in nuclear medicine imaging studies. However, the diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) have not yet been established for nuclear medicine imaging studies in Korea.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The data of administered activity in 32 nuclear medicine imaging studies were collected from the Korean Society of Nuclear Medicine (KSNM) dose survey database from 2013 and 2014. Through the expert discussions and statistical analyses, the 75th quartile value (Q3) was suggested as the preliminary DRL values. Preliminary DRLs were subjected to approval process by the KSNM Board of Directors and KSNM Council, followed by clinical applications and performance rating by domestic institutes.RESULTS: DRLs were determined through 32 nuclear medicine imaging studies. The Q3 value was considered as appropriate selection as it was generally consistent with the most commonly administered activity. In the present study, the final version of initial DRL values for nuclear medicine imaging in Korean adults is described including various protocols of the brain and myocardial perfusion imaging.CONCLUSION: The first DRLs for nuclear medicine imaging in Korean adults were confirmed. The DRLs will enable optimized radiation protection in the field of nuclear medicine imaging in Korea.
Academies and Institutes ; Adult ; Brain ; Humans ; Korea ; Myocardial Perfusion Imaging ; Nuclear Medicine ; Radiation Protection