BACKGROUND: Senescent human skin primary fibroblast (FB) models have been established for studying aging-related, proliferative, and inflammatory skin diseases. The aim of this study was to compare the transcriptome characteristics of human primary dermal FBs from children and the elderly with four senescence models. METHODS: Human skin primary FBs were obtained from healthy children (FB-C) and elderly donors (FB-E). Senescence models were generated by ultraviolet B irradiation (FB-UVB), D-galactose stimulation (FB-D-gal), atazanavir treatment (FB-ATV), and replication exhaustion induction (FB-P30). Flow cytometry, immunofluorescence staining, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, co-culturing with immune cells, and bulk RNA sequencing were used for systematic comparisons of the models. RESULTS: In comparison with FB-C, FB-E showed elevated expression of senescence-related genes related to the skin barrier and extracellular matrix, proinflammatory factors, chemokines, oxidative stress, and complement factors. In comparison with FB-E, FB-UVB and FB-ATV showed higher levels of senescence and expression of the genes related to the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), and their shaped immune microenvironment highly facilitated the activation of downstream immune cells, including T cells, macrophages, and natural killer cells. FB-P30 was most similar to FB-E in terms of general transcriptome features, such as FB migration and proliferation, and aging-related characteristics. FB-D-gal showed the lowest expression levels of senescence-related genes. In comparisons with the single-cell RNA sequencing results, FB-E showed almost complete simulation of the transcriptional spectrum of FBs in elderly patients with atopic dermatitis, followed by FB-P30 and FB-UVB. FB-E and FB-P30 showed higher similarity with the FBs in keloids. CONCLUSIONS Each senescent FB model exhibited different characteristics. In addition to showing upregulated expression of natural senescence features, FB-UVB and FB-ATV showed high expression levels of senescence-related genes, including those involved in the SASP, and FB-P30 showed the greatest similarity with FB-E. However, D-galactose-stimulated FBs did not clearly present aging characteristics.
Humans ; Fibroblasts/drug effects* ; Cellular Senescence/physiology* ; Skin/metabolism* ; Child ; Transcriptome/genetics* ; Aged ; Ultraviolet Rays ; Cells, Cultured ; Galactose/pharmacology*

BACKGROUND

Mobile clinics offer crucial healthcare services, including X-ray examinations, to underserved communities. Minimizing image repeats in this setting is vital due to radiation exposure, patient inconvenience, and cost implications.

This study investigated the prevalence and causes of image repeat in conventional radiography performed within mobile clinics in the Philippines.

A retrospective review analyzed data from five mobile clinics located in two highly urbanized cities in the Philippines from July to December 2023). Radiology staff assessed image quality, with suboptimal images requiring retakes. Reasons for rejection were categorized.

Out of 871 radiographs taken, 118 (13.55%) were repeated. Vertebrae and pelvic girdle images had the highest repeat rates (33.33%). Positioning errors were the most common cause (44.07%), followed by underexposure and overexposure.

This study identified a concerning repeat rate (13.55%) for mobile X-rays, primarily due to improper patient positioning, particularly for specific body parts. Targeted training programs and stricter protocols for mobile clinic staff are needed. Radiography education should also emphasize these skills, potentially through collaboration with mobile clinic operators to ensure graduates are prepared for the unique challenges of this environment.

BACKGROUND

Mobile clinics offer crucial healthcare services, including X-ray examinations, to underserved communities. Minimizing image repeats in this setting is vital due to radiation exposure, patient inconvenience, and cost implications.

This study investigated the prevalence and causes of image repeat in conventional radiography performed within mobile clinics in the Philippines.

A retrospective review analyzed data from five mobile clinics located in two highly urbanized cities in the Philippines from July to December 2023). Radiology staff assessed image quality, with suboptimal images requiring retakes. Reasons for rejection were categorized.

Out of 871 radiographs taken, 118 (13.55%) were repeated. Vertebrae and pelvic girdle images had the highest repeat rates (33.33%). Positioning errors were the most common cause (44.07%), followed by underexposure and overexposure.

This study identified a concerning repeat rate (13.55%) for mobile X-rays, primarily due to improper patient positioning, particularly for specific body parts. Targeted training programs and stricter protocols for mobile clinic staff are needed. Radiography education should also emphasize these skills, potentially through collaboration with mobile clinic operators to ensure graduates are prepared for the unique challenges of this environment.

A serum metabolomics analysis method based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) was used to investigate the metabolic regulation mechanism of Hericium erinaceus(H. erinaceus) polysaccharides on radiation injury. A mouse model of radiation injury was established by ~(60)Co-γ irradiation. High and low dose groups of H. erinaceus polysaccharide injection were designed, and Rubiae Radix et Rhizoma extract was set as the positive control group to investigate the therapeutic effects and metabolic reaction pathways of H. erinaceus polysaccharides on radiation injury. The metabolites of serum samples were collected by GC-MS, and principal component analysis(PCA) was conducted to establish the metabolic profiles of each group of mice. Partial least squares discriminant analysis(PLS-DA), t-test(P<0.05), and variable importance in the projection(VIP>1) were used to screen out the differential metabolite. Metabolite identification and construction of related metabolic pathways and metabolic networks were achieved by using online databases such as HMDB and METLIN. The results showed that 12 differential metabolites in the serum of mice irradiated at 6.5 Gy that were associated with the radiation injury model, including lactic acid, alanine, urea, serine, threonine, glycerol, L-5-oxoproline, L-lysine, stearic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, and 1-monopalmitoylglucoside. Two metabolic pathways were enriched: glycerolipid metabolism and metabolism of glycine, serine, and threonine. 18 differential metabolites in the serum of mice irradiated at 8.5 Gy were associated with the radiation injury model, including lactic acid, alanine, urea, L-leucine, glycerol, nonanoic acid, serine, threonine, L-5-oxoproline, phenylalanine, L-ornithine, 1,5-dehydroorbital, L-lysine, L-tyrosine, pectic, oleic, stearic, and cholesterol. Four metabolic pathways were enriched: phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan synthesis, phenylalanine metabolism, glyceride metabolism, and glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism. It was suggested that H. erinaceus polysaccharides could intervene in radiation injury by altering amino acid and fatty acid synthesis in mice. It was assumed that H. erinaceus polysaccharides regulated the level of metabolic pathways through lipid metabolism and amino acid metabolism, thus affecting energy metabolism and amino acid metabolism and exerting its therapeutic effect on radiation damage.
Animals ; Mice ; Metabolomics/methods* ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/methods* ; Polysaccharides/pharmacology* ; Male ; Hericium/chemistry* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage* ; Metabolome/drug effects* ; Gamma Rays/adverse effects*

Riboflavin-ultraviolet A (UVA) collagen cross-linking has not only achieved good clinical efficacy in the treatment of corneal diseases such as dilatation keratopathy, bullae keratopathy, infectious keratopathy, and in the combined treatment of corneal refractive surgeries, but also its efficacy and safety in scleral collagen cross-linking have been initially confirmed. To better promote the application of cross-linking in the clinical treatment of corneal and scleral diseases, exploring controllability and predictability of the surgical efficacy are both important for evaluating the surgical efficacy and personalized precision treatment. In this paper, the progress on the cross-linking depth of riboflavin-UVA collagen cross-linking, and its relationship with the cross-linking effect will be reviewed. It will provide the reference for further application of this procedure in ophthalmology clinics.
Riboflavin/pharmacology* ; Humans ; Collagen/radiation effects* ; Ultraviolet Rays ; Cross-Linking Reagents ; Corneal Diseases/drug therapy* ; Photosensitizing Agents/therapeutic use*

Accurate detection of cephalometric landmarks is crucial for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Current landmark detection methods are mainly divided into heatmap-based and regression-based approaches. However, these methods often rely on parallel computation of multiple models to improve accuracy, significantly increasing the complexity of training and deployment. This paper presented a novel regression method that can simultaneously detect all cephalometric landmarks in high-resolution X-ray images. By leveraging the encoder module of Transformer, a dual-encoder model was designed to achieve coarse-to-fine localization of cephalometric landmarks. The entire model consisted of three main components: a feature extraction module, a reference encoder module, and a fine-tuning encoder module, responsible for feature extraction and fusion of X-ray images, coarse localization of cephalometric landmarks, and fine localization of landmarks, respectively. The model was fully end-to-end differentiable and could learn the intercorrelation relationships between cephalometric landmarks. Experimental results showed that the successful detection rate (SDR) of our algorithm was superior to other existing methods. It attained the highest 2 mm SDR of 89.51% on test set 1 of the ISBI2015 dataset and 90.68% on the test set of the ISBI2023 dataset. Meanwhile, it reduces memory consumption and enhances the model's popularity and applicability, providing more reliable technical support for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment plan formulation.
Cephalometry/methods* ; Humans ; Algorithms ; Anatomic Landmarks/diagnostic imaging* ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods* ; X-Rays

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects and underlying mechanism of ionizing radiation on the adipogenic of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). METHODS: Mouse MSCs were cultured in vitro and treated with 2 Gy and 6 Gy radiation with ⁶⁰Co, and the radiation dose rate was 0.98 Gy/min. Bulk RNA-seq was performed on control and irradiated MSCs. The changes of adipogenic differentiation and oxidative stress pathways of MSC were revealed by bioinformatics analysis. Oil Red O staining was used to detect the adipogenic differentiation ability of MSCs in vitro, and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to detect the expression differences of key regulatory factors Cebpa, Lpl and Pparg after radiation treatment. At the same time, qPCR and Western blot were used to detect the effect of inhibition of Nrf2, a key factor of antioxidant stress pathway, on the expression of key regulatory factors of adipogenesis. Moreover, the species conservation of the irradiation response of human bone marrow MSCs and mouse MSC was determined by qPCR. RESULTS: Bulk RNA-seq suggested that ionizing radiation promotes adipogenic differentiation of MSCs and up-regulation of oxidative stress-related genes and pathways. The results of Oil Red O staining and qPCR showed that ionizing radiation promoted the adipogenesis of MSCs, with high expression of Cebpa, Lpl and Pparg, as well as oxidative stress-related gene Nrf2. Nrf2 pathway inhibitors could further enhance the adipogenesis of MSCs in bone marrow after radiation. Notably, the similar regulation of oxidative pathways and enhanced adipogenesis post irradiation were observed in human bone marrow MSCs. In addition, irradiation exposure led to up-regulated mRNA expression of interleukin-6 and down-regulated mRNA expression of colony stimulating factor 2 in human bone marrow MSCs. CONCLUSION Ionizing radiation promotes adipogenesis of MSCs in mice, and oxidative stress pathway participates in this effect, blocking Nrf2 further promotes the adipogenesis of MSCs. Additionally, irradiation activates oxidative pathways and promotes adipogenic differentiation of human bone marrow MSCs.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells/cytology* ; Oxidative Stress/radiation effects* ; Animals ; Adipogenesis/radiation effects* ; Mice ; Radiation, Ionizing ; Cell Differentiation/radiation effects* ; Humans ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2/metabolism* ; PPAR gamma ; Cells, Cultured

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of irradiation dose rate of ⁶⁰Co γ-ray on hematopoietic and immune cells in total body irradiation (TBI) mice. METHODS: After TBI with 8 Gy ⁶⁰Co γ-ray at three irradiation dose rates of 0.027, 0.256 and 0.597 Gy/min, the survival and change of body weight of C57BL/6J mice were observed within 30 days. The peripheral blood parameters were examined at each time point within 30 days post-irradiation. The hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell counts of mice were examined on the 10^th and 30^th day post-irradiation by flow cytometry, as well as the proportions of immune cells in peripheral blood, bone marrow and spleen of mice on the 30^th day post-irradiation. RESULTS: After TBI with 8 Gy ⁶⁰Co γ-ray, the 30-day survival rate of high dose-rate group was 0, which was significantly lower than 90% of medium dose-rate group and 100% of low dose-rate group (both P < 0.001). The peripheral blood parameters of all three groups showed a sharp decline → low value → gradually recovering trend. The count of white blood cell, neutrophil, lymphocyte, red blood cell, platelet and hemoglobin level in the high dose-rate and medium dose-rate groups were significantly lower than those in the low dose-rate group on day 7-18 post-irradiation (all P < 0.05), but there were no significant differences between the high dose-rate and medium dose-rate groups (P >0.05). On the 10^th day after irradiation, the proportion and number of bone marrow hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (including LK, LSK, LT-HSC, ST-HSC, and MPP cells) in the low dose-rate and medium dose-rate groups were significantly decreased compared to those in the normal group (all P < 0.05), but there were no significant differences between the two groups (P >0.05). On the 30^th day after irradiation, LSK, LT-HSC, ST-HSC and MPP cells in the low dose-rate group recovered to normal levels, while those in the medium dose-rate group were still significantly lower than those in the low dose-rate group (all P < 0.001). The results of bone marrow and peripheral immune cell tests on the 30^th day after irradiation showed that the ratios of T and B lymphocytes in the low dose-rate and medium dose-rate groups were reduced compared to that in the normal group (both P < 0.05), while the ratio of neutrophils was increased (P < 0.01). The trend of changes in the spleen and peripheral blood was consistent. CONCLUSION The degree of hematopoietic and immune cell damage in mice after TBI with 8 Gy ⁶⁰Co γ-ray is related to the dose rate, and low dose-rate irradiation can reduce the damage in the animal model. Therefore, choosing the appropriate dose rate of irradiation is a key factor in establishing an objective and reliable experimental animal model of irradiation.
Animals ; Mice ; Whole-Body Irradiation ; Gamma Rays ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/radiation effects* ; Cobalt Radioisotopes ; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ; Male

OBJECTIVE: To explore the anti-photoaging properties of salvianolic acid B (Sal B). METHODS: The optimal photoaging model of human immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) were constructed by expose to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation. The cells were divided into control, model and different concentrations of Sal B groups. Cell viability was measured via cell counting kit-8. Subsequently, the levels of oxidative stress, including reactive oxygen species (ROS), hydroxyproline (Hyp), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were detected using the relevant kits. Silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) protein level was detected using Western blot. The binding pattern of Sal B and SIRT1 was determined via molecular docking. RESULTS: Sal B significantly increased the viability of UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Sal B effectively scavenged the accumulation of ROS induced by UVB (P<0.05 or P<0.01). In addition, Sal B modulated oxidative stress by increasing the intracellular concentrations of Hyp and CAT and the activity of GSH-Px (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The Western blot results revealed a substantial increase in SIRT1 protein levels following Sal B administration (P<0.05). Moreover, Sal B exhibited good binding affinity toward SIRT1, with a docking energy of -7.5 kCal/mol. CONCLUSION Sal B could improve the repair of photodamaged cells by alleviating cellular oxidative stress and regulating the expression of SIRT1 protein.
Humans ; Sirtuin 1/metabolism* ; Ultraviolet Rays ; Oxidative Stress/radiation effects* ; Keratinocytes/metabolism* ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Benzofurans/pharmacology* ; Skin Aging/radiation effects* ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism* ; Cell Survival/radiation effects* ; HaCaT Cells ; Hydroxyproline/metabolism* ; Glutathione Peroxidase/metabolism* ; Catalase/metabolism* ; Depsides

Rosacea is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease that predominantly affects the central face. It can impair appearance and cause various discomforts, thus negatively impacting patients' physical and mental well-being as well as their quality of life. Its pathophysiological mechanisms involve multiple factors. Studies have confirmed that ultraviolet radiation plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of rosacea, affecting skin tissues, cells, DNA, and proteins, and inducing oxidative damage. Ultraviolet can lead to the occurrence and development of rosacea by up-regulating the expression of LL-37, matrix metalloproteinase, vascular endothelial growth factor, and reactive oxygen species, and influence their interactions, thereby triggering inflammatory responses, altering the dermal matrix, and promoting capillary dilation and neovascularization, which contribute to the onset and progression of rosacea. Exploring the role of ultraviolet in the pathogenesis of rosacea can provide new strategies for protection and treatment, and enhance awareness of ultraviolet protection among patients with rosacea.
Humans ; Rosacea/metabolism* ; Ultraviolet Rays/adverse effects* ; Cathelicidins ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism* ; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides/metabolism* ; Matrix Metalloproteinases/metabolism* ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism* ; Skin/metabolism*