OBJECTIVE: To explore the feasibility of snuff pot arterial pressure measurement for patients undergoing routine elective surgery during anesthesia. METHODS: A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted. Patients undergoing elective surgery admitted to the Handan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from June 1, 2020 to June 1, 2022 were enrolled. Patients who needed arterial pressure measurement for hemodynamic monitoring were randomly divided into routine radial artery puncture group and snuff pot artery puncture group with their informed consent. The patients in the routine radial artery puncture group were placed a catheter at the styloid process of the patient's radius to measure pressure. In the snuff pot artery puncture group, the snuff pot artery, that was, the radial fossa on the back of the hand (snuff box), was selected to conduct the snuff pot artery puncture and tube placement for pressure measurement. The indwelling time of arterial puncture catheter, arterial blood pressure, and complications of puncture catheterization of patients in the two groups were observed. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to screen the relevant factors that affect the outcome of arterial catheterization. RESULTS: Finally, a total of 252 patients were enrolled, of which 130 patients received routine radial artery puncture and 122 patients received snuff pot artery puncture. There was no statistically significant difference in general information such as gender, age, body mass index (BMI), and surgical type of patients between the two groups. There was no significant difference in the indwelling time of artery puncture catheter between the routine radial artery puncture group and the snuff pot artery puncture group (minutes: 3.4±0.3 vs. 3.6±0.3, P > 0.05). The systolic blood pressure (SBP) and the diastolic blood pressure (DBP) measured in the snuff pot artery puncture group were significantly higher than those in the conventional radial artery puncture group [SBP (mmHg, 1 mmHg ≈ 0.133 kPa): 162.3±14.3 vs. 156.6±12.5, DBP (mmHg): 85.3±12.6 vs. 82.9±11.3, both P < 0.05]. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of complications such as arterial spasm, arterial occlusion, and pseudoaneurysm formation between the two groups. However, the incidence of hematoma formation in the snuff pot artery puncture group was significantly lower than that in the conventional radial artery puncture group (2.5% vs. 4.6%, P < 0.05). Based on the difficulty of arterial puncture, multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that gender [odds ratio (OR) = 0.643, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was 0.525-0.967], age (OR = 2.481, 95%CI was 1.442-4.268) and BMI (OR = 0.786, 95%CI was 0.570-0.825) were related factors that affect the outcome of arterial catheterization during anesthesia in patients undergoing elective surgery (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Catheterization through the snuff pot artery can be a new and feasible alternative to conventional arterial pressure measurement.
Humans ; Arterial Pressure/physiology* ; Feasibility Studies ; Radial Artery/physiology* ; Prospective Studies ; Tobacco, Smokeless ; Catheterization, Peripheral ; Punctures

The radial artery pulse wave contains a wealth of physiological and pathological information about the human body, and non-invasive studies of the radial artery pulse wave can assess arterial vascular elasticity in different age groups.The piezoelectric pulse wave transducers were used to non-invasively acquire radial artery pulse waves at different contact pressures in young and middle-aged and elderly populations. The radial artery waveforms were decomposed using a triangular blood flow model fitting method to obtain forward and reflected waves and calculate reflection parameters. Finally a correlation analysis and regression analysis of the contact pressure P_sensor with the reflection parameters was carried out. The results showed that the reflection parameters RM, RI and R_d had a strong negative correlation with P_sensor in both types of subjects, and the correlation coefficients and slopes of the regression curves were significantly different between the two types of subjects (P<0.05). Based on the results of this study, excessive contact pressure on the transducer should be avoided when detecting radial artery reflection waves in clinical practice. The results also show that the magnitude of the slope of the regression curve between the reflection parameters and the transducer contact pressure may be a potentially useful indicator for quantifying the elastic properties of the vessel.
Middle Aged ; Aged ; Humans ; Blood Pressure/physiology* ; Arteries ; Blood Flow Velocity/physiology* ; Elasticity ; Pulse Wave Analysis ; Radial Artery/physiology*

Aged ; Atherosclerosis ; Case-Control Studies ; Coronary Artery Bypass ; methods ; Coronary Artery Disease ; surgery ; Female ; Hemodynamics ; physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Mammary Arteries ; physiology ; transplantation ; Middle Aged ; Pulsatile Flow ; Radial Artery ; physiology ; transplantation ; Rheology ; Saphenous Vein ; physiology ; transplantation ; Shear Strength ; Stress, Mechanical ; Vascular Patency ; physiology

BACKGROUNDRadial artery (RA) occlusion (RAO) is not rare in patients undergoing coronary intervention by transradial approach (TRCI). Predictors of and prevention from RAO have not been systematically studied. This study aimed to analyze the risk factors of the weakness of RA pulsation (RAP) and its predictive value for RAO after TRCI, and simultaneously to describe a feasible and effective approach to maintain RA patency.

METHODSBetween June 2006 and March 2010, all patients who underwent TRCI were classified according to the weakness of RAP after removing compression bandage with confirmation by Doppler ultrasound for the first 30 consecutive patients. Among a total of 2658 patients studied, 187 (7%) patients having a weaker RAP were prospectively monitored. At 1 h after bandage removal, the ulnar artery in puncture side of all patients was blocked with manual compression to favor brachial and collateral artery blood flow through the RA until a good RAP was restored. The primary analysis was the occurrence of RAO.

RESULTSDoppler ultrasound demonstrated the significant reduction of both systolic velocity (61.24 ± 3.95 cm/s vs. 72.31 ± 3.57 cm/s) and diastolic velocity (1.83 ± 0.32 cm/s vs. 17.77 ± 3.97 cm/s) in RA at access side as compared to the contralateral RA (all P < 0.001), but these velocities in ipsilateral ulnar artery (81.2 ± 2.16 cm/s and 13.1 ± 2.86 cm/s, respectively) increased profoundly. The average time of ulnar artery compression was 4.1 ± 1.2 h (ranged 2.5-6.5 h). There were two patients experienced persistent RAO with a success rate of 98.9% and RAO in 0.075% of patients after ulnar artery compression was applied. The pulsation of the ulnar artery after compression was removed had not been influenced by the compression.

CONCLUSIONSAfter intervention using TRCI approach, the presence of a weaker RAP is an indicator of imminent RAO. The continuing compression of ipsilateral ulnar artery is an effective approach to maintain RA patency.

Aged ; Arterial Occlusive Diseases ; prevention & control ; Catheterization, Peripheral ; Female ; Hemostasis ; physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radial Artery ; Ulnar Artery

Pulse examination was probably the earliest attempt to distinguish between health and illnesses. Starting at the pre-Hippocratic era, Chinese medicine practitioners developed techniques for pulse examination and defined pulse images based on their perceptions of pulse waveforms at the radial artery. Pulse images were described using basic variables (frequency, rhythm, wideness, length, deepness, and qualities) developed under philosophical trends such as Taoism and Confucianism. Recent advances in biomedical instrumentation applied to cardiology opened possibilities to research on pulse examination based on ancient Chinese medical theories: the pulse wave analysis. Although strongly influenced by philosophy, some characteristics used to describe a pulse image are interpretable as parameters obtained by pulse waveform analysis such as pulse wave velocity and augmentation index. Those clinical parameters reflect concepts unique to Chinese medicine - such as yinyang - while are based on wave reflection and resonance theories of fluids mechanics. Major limitations for integration of Chinese and Western pulse examination are related to quantitative description of pulse images and pattern differentiation based on pulse examination. Recent evidence suggests that wave reflection and resonance phenomena may bridge Chinese medicine and cardiology to provide a more evidence-based medical practice.
Cardiology ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Pulse ; methods ; Radial Artery ; physiology ; Wavelet Analysis

This article introduces a new radial arterial pressure signal pre-processing and heartbeat cycle recognition algorithm which can be used on left ventricular assist device. The algorithm is featured with the real-time processing, applicable to embedded platforms, delay compensation, avoiding arterial pressure baseline drift effects, recognizing heartbeat disorder.
Algorithms ; Heart-Assist Devices ; Humans ; Radial Artery ; physiology

INTRODUCTIONThe superficial and deep palmar arterial arches are the main sources of blood supply to all structures in the human hand, and variations in these arterial arches are quite common. Although several studies have reported diameters and variations of these arches, to the authors' knowledge, no study has correlated such changes to handedness in adults. It is likely that dominance may play a role in arterial variations, such as those seen in the diameter or number of arteries formed in the palmar arches, much like in other areas of the human body. This cadaver study was conducted to determine any such association.

METHODS42 formalin-fixed hands were dissected to expose the superficial and deep palmar arches. These arches were then thoroughly examined for any variations between the dominant and non-dominant hands. All cadavers were noted to be right-handed as per hospital records.

RESULTS19 complete superficial arterial arches (right hand 14; left hand 5) were found in the 42 hands dissected.

CONCLUSIONMost complete superficial palmar arches were found in the dominant hand of the cadavers studied, and therefore, handedness may have a role to play in determining palmar arterial arch variations in humans. Due to dominance or handedness, some arteries may likely persist into adulthood while others may become obliterated, thus leading to variations. Dissection of foetal hands may help to shed more light on the persistence or obliteration of various arteries after birth. Knowledge of such variations may prove helpful for surgeons during hand surgeries.

Cadaver ; Functional Laterality ; Hand ; anatomy & histology ; physiology ; Hand Deformities ; Humans ; Radial Artery ; anatomy & histology ; Ulnar Artery ; anatomy & histology

OBJECTIVETo compare the differences in nitric oxide (NO) release and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF)-mediated hyperpolarization between human radial artery (RA) and saphenous vein (SV) through direct measurement of NO and membrane potential.

METHODSRA (n = 8), SV (n = 23), and surgical prepared SV (PV, n = 9, dilatation with normal saline solution at a pressure of 100 - 600 mmHg, 1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa) segments (5 mm long) taken from patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting were placed in an organ chamber. The NO-sensitive electrode and intracellular glass microelectrode was used to directly measure the NO release and the membrane potential changes in response to acetylcholine (ACh) and bradykinin (BK) before and after incubation with NG-nitro-L-arginine, indomethacin, and oxyhemoglobin.

RESULTSThe basal release of NO in RA [(11.9 ± 1.8) nmol/L] was significantly greater than that in SV [(9.9 ± 2.8) nmol/L, P = 0.041]. BK-induced NO release in RA was lower than that in SV [for BK 10(-7) mol/L: (25.8 ± 3.6) nmol/L vs. (43.7 ± 8.2) nmol/L, P = 0.006]. Both basal and ACh- or BK-induced NO release in PV were significantly reduced [basal release: PV (3.4 ± 1.4) nmol/L; P = 0.006 vs. RA; P = 0.002 vs. SV; stimulated release: for ACh 10(-5) mol/L: PV (4.8 ± 3.2) nmol/L; vs. RA (28.6 ± 7.9) nmol/L, P = 0.005; vs. SV (27.4 ± 3.7) nmol/L, P = 0.003; for BK 10(-7) mol/L: PV (7.0 ± 3.6) nmol/L; vs. RA (25.8 ± 3.6) nmol/L, P = 0.016; vs. SV (43.7 ± 8.2) nmol/L, P = 0.004]. EDHF-mediated hyperpolarization was greater in RA than that in SV [ACh 10(-5) mol/L: (-9.7 ± 1.9) mV vs. (-4.5 ± 1.1) mV, n = 17, P = 0.002].

CONCLUSIONSRA is superior to SV in terms of NO basal release and EDHF-mediated endothelial function. Surgical preparation and pressure dilatation may severely impair the NO-mediated endothelial function of SV, which may contribute to the poor long-term patency of SV coronary graft.

Biological Factors ; metabolism ; Endothelial Cells ; metabolism ; physiology ; Endothelium, Vascular ; cytology ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Membrane Potentials ; physiology ; Middle Aged ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Radial Artery ; cytology ; Saphenous Vein ; cytology

OBJECTIVETo compare the relief effect of diltiazem, papaverine and nitroglycerin on radial artery spasm in elderly patients with coronary atherosclerotic heart disease.

METHODSSixty patients aged beyond 70 years underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with autologous radial artery from July 2009 to March 2010. Redundant radial artery was collected and the relief function of different drugs was evaluated through "organ bath" technique in vitro. All the patients were randomly divided into 3 groups based on different antispasmodic drugs: diltiazem, papaverine and nitroglycerin. Thirty seconds free blood flow of radial artery and hemodynamic parameters (heart rate, mean arterial pressure and central venous pressure) were assessed before and after intra-radial administration of diltiazem, papaverine and nitroglycerin in vivo.

RESULTSAll three drugs could relieve radial artery spasm in different levels and the eventual relief rate was over 80%. Only nitroglycerin could relax radial artery completely, the relief capacity of nitroglycerin, diltiazem and papaverine decreased in order. There was no significant difference in the hemodynamic parameters before and after the injection. Blood flow of radial artery increased in nitroglycerin group [(42 ± 10) ml/30 s vs. (28 ± 7) ml/30 s, P < 0.05] while there was no significant difference in diltiazem [(23 ± 10) ml/30 s vs. (25 ± 8) ml/30 s, P > 0.05] and papaverine group [(25 ± 10) ml/30 s vs. (24 ± 9), P > 0.05].

CONCLUSIONSNitroglycerin could relieve vasospasm of radial artery effectively and increased blood flow. Nitroglycerin is the suitable antispasmodic drug for radial artery in the elderly patients with coronary atherosclerotic heart disease compare with diltiazem and papaverine.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Coronary Artery Bypass ; Coronary Artery Disease ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Diltiazem ; pharmacology ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Nitroglycerin ; pharmacology ; Papaverine ; pharmacology ; Parasympatholytics ; pharmacology ; Radial Artery ; drug effects ; physiology ; transplantation

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the correlation between the results of photoplethysmography and modified Allen test in healthy volunteers of different ages.

METHODSIn 240 healthy volunteers of 3 different age groups, namely the young group (below 40 years of age, n=98), middle-aged group (between 40 and 60 years, n=74) and senior group (above 60 years, n=68), photoplethysmography and modified Allen test were performed to evaluate the recovery time of the hand circulation after relief of ulnar artery compression, and the correlation between the results of the two tests was analyzed.

RESULTSThe results of photoplethysmography and modified Allen test showed a positive linear correlation (P<0.01). The recovery time of hand circulation in the senior group was significantly longer than that in the young group and middle-aged group (P<0.01). In each group, the recovery time of the blood flow as defined by modified Allen test was significantly shorter than that determined by modified Allen test.

CONCLUSIONThe results of photoplethysmography and modified Allen test show a good positive linear correlation in determining the recovery time of hand blood flow in healthy volunteers of different ages after relief of the ulnar artery compression, but the results of latter test can be more objective.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Blood Flow Velocity ; physiology ; Collateral Circulation ; physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Plethysmography ; methods ; Radial Artery ; physiology ; Reference Values ; Ulnar Artery ; physiology ; Young Adult