Objective: To study the diagnostic value of different detection markers in histological categories of endocervical adenocarcinoma (ECA), and their assessment of patient prognosis. Methods: A retrospective study of 54 patients with ECA in the Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from 2005-2010 were performed. The cases of ECA were classified into two categories, namely human papillomavirus-associated adenocarcinoma (HPVA) and non-human papillomavirus-associated adenocarcinoma (NHPVA), based on the 2018 international endocervical adenocarcinoma criteria and classification (IECC). To detect HR-HPV DNA and HR-HPV E6/E7 mRNA in all patients, we used whole tissue section PCR (WTS-PCR) and HPV E6/E7 mRNA in situ hybridization (ISH) techniques, respectively. Additionally, we performed Laser microdissection PCR (LCM-PCR) on 15 randomly selected HR-HPV DNA-positive cases to confirm the accuracy of the above two assays in identifying ECA lesions. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to analyze the efficacy of markers to identify HPVA and NHPVA. Univariate and multifactorial Cox proportional risk model regression analyses were performed for factors influencing ECA patients' prognoses. Results: Of the 54 patients with ECA, 30 were HPVA and 24 were NHPVA. A total of 96.7% (29/30) of HPVA patients were positive for HR-HPV DNA and 63.3% (19/30) for HR-HPV E6/E7 mRNA, and 33.3% (8/24) of NHPVA patients were positive for HR-HPV DNA and HR-HPV E6/E7 mRNA was not detected (0/24), and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.001). LCM-PCR showed that five patients were positive for HR-HPV DNA in the area of glandular epithelial lesions and others were negative, which was in good agreement with the E6/E7 mRNA ISH assay (Kappa=0.842, P=0.001). Analysis of the ROC results showed that the AUC of HR-HPV DNA, HR-HPV E6/E7 mRNA, and p16 to identify HPVA and NHPVA were 0.817, 0.817, and 0.692, respectively, with sensitivities of 96.7%, 63.3%, and 80.0% and specificities of 66.7%, 100.0%, and 58.3%, respectively. HR-HPV DNA identified HPVA and NHPVA with higher AUC than p16 (P=0.044). The difference in survival rates between HR-HPV DNA (WTS-PCR assay) positive and negative patients was not statistically significant (P=0.156), while the difference in survival rates between HR-HPV E6/E7 mRNA positive and negative patients, and p16 positive and negative patients were statistically significant (both P<0.05). Multifactorial Cox regression analysis showed that International Federation of Obstetrics and Gynecology (FIGO) staging (HR=19.875, 95% CI: 1.526-258.833) and parametrial involvement (HR=14.032, 95% CI: 1.281-153.761) were independent factors influencing the prognosis of patients with ECA. Conclusions: HR-HPV E6/E7 mRNA is more reflective of HPV infection in ECA tissue. The efficacy of HR-HPV E6/E7 mRNA and HR-HPV DNA (WTS-PCR assay) in identifying HPVA and NHPVA is similar, with higher sensitivity of HR-HPV DNA and higher specificity of HR-HPV E6/E7 mRNA. HR-HPV DNA is more effective than p16 in identifying HPVA and NHPVA. HPV E6/E7 mRNA and p16 positive ECA patients have better survival rates than negative.
Female ; Humans ; Papillomavirus Infections/diagnosis* ; Retrospective Studies ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/pathology* ; Prognosis ; Oncogene Proteins, Viral/genetics* ; Human Papillomavirus Viruses ; Adenocarcinoma/pathology* ; RNA, Messenger/genetics* ; Papillomaviridae/genetics* ; RNA, Viral/genetics*

Objective: To understand the infection status and epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis C in people aged 1-69 years in Henan Province in 2020. Methods: The estimated sample size was 5 827. From August to December 2020, multistage sampling was used to select 8 counties (districts) in Henan, and two survey sites were selected in each county (district), and a questionnaire survey was conducted in local people aged 1-69 years, blood samples were collected from them for anti-HCV, HCV RNA and genotype detections. Results: A total of 5 165 people aged 1-69 years completed the questionnaire survey. Men accounted for 44.76% (2 312/5 165), women accounted for 55.24% (2 853/5 165). In the people aged 1-69 years, the overall prevalence rates of anti-HCV and HCV RNA were 0.69% (95%CI: 0.68%-0.70%) and 0.20% (95%CI: 0.19%-0.21%) respectively. The prevalence rates of anti-HCV and HCV RNA were 0.48% (95%CI: 0.46%-0.50%), 0.09% (95%CI: 0.08%-0.10%) in men and 0.86% (95%CI: 0.85%-0.87%), 0.30% (95%CI: 0.28%-0.32%) in women. The prevalence rates of anti-HCV and HCV RNA increased with age. The prevalence rates of anti-HCV and HCV RNA were 0.87% (95%CI: 0.86%-0.88%), 0.28% (95%CI: 0.26%-0.30%) in urban residents and 0.53% (95%CI: 0.51%-0.55%), 0.14% (95%CI: 0.13%-0.15%) in rural residents. The genotyping results of 10 HCV RNA positive samples ware genotype 1b (4/10), genotype 2 (3/10), genotype 1b/3 (1/10), genotype 1b/3/6 (1/10) and genotype 2/6 (1/10). Conclusions: The prevalence of hepatitis C was low in Henan in 2020. It is necessary to strengthen hepatitis C surveillance in people aged 40 years and above. The major HCV genotypes were 1b and 2, and mixed genotype infection existed.
Female ; Humans ; Male ; Coinfection ; Genotype ; Hepacivirus/genetics* ; Hepatitis C/epidemiology* ; Hepatitis C Antibodies/genetics* ; Prevalence ; RNA, Viral/genetics* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Infant ; Child, Preschool ; Child ; Adolescent ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Aged

Humans ; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck ; RNA, Messenger ; Immunohistochemistry ; Papillomavirus Infections/diagnosis* ; Oncogene Proteins, Viral/genetics* ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 ; Papillomaviridae ; Papillomavirus E7 Proteins/genetics* ; DNA, Viral

Hepatitis type E virus (HEV) infection is a common cause of acute viral hepatitis in China, and its etiological diagnosis relies on laboratory detection. Therefore, this article introduces the HEV RNA, HEV antigen, anti-HEV IgM, and IgG detection methods and their diagnostic application value. In addition, it also discusses the current international diagnostic standard and HEV infection presentation.
Humans ; RNA, Viral ; Hepatitis Antibodies ; Clinical Laboratory Techniques/methods* ; Hepatitis E virus ; Immunoglobulin M ; Hepatitis

Humans ; COVID-19/genetics* ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics* ; Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/genetics* ; CRISPR-Cas Systems/genetics* ; RNA, Viral/genetics*

Objective: To establish a rapid and specific quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) method for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 subgenomic nucleocapsid RNA (SgN) in patients with COVID-19 or environmental samples. Methods: The qPCR assay was established by designing specific primers and TaqMan probe based on the SARS-CoV-2 genomic sequence in Global Initiative of Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID) database. The reaction conditions were optimized by using different annealing temperature, different primers and probe concentrations and the standard curve was established. Further, the specificity, sensitivity and repeatability were also assessed. The established SgN and genomic RNA (gRNA) qPCR assays were both applied to detect 21 environmental samples and 351 clinical samples containing 48 recovered patients. In the specimens with both positive gRNA and positive SgN, 25 specimens were inoculated on cells. Results: The primers and probes of SgN had good specificity for SARS-CoV-2. The minimum detection limit of the preliminarily established qPCR detection method for SgN was 1.5×10² copies/ml, with a coefficient of variation less than 1%. The positive rate of gRNA in 372 samples was 97.04% (361/372). The positive rates of SgN in positive environmental samples and positive clinical samples were 36.84% (7/19) and 49.42% (169/342), respectively. The positive rate and copy number of SgN in Wild strain were lower than those of SARS-CoV-2 Delta strain. Among the 25 SgN positive samples, 12 samples within 5 days of sampling time were all isolated with virus; 13 samples sampled for more than 12 days had no cytopathic effect. Conclusion: A qPCR method for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 SgN has been successfully established. The sensitivity, specificity and repeatability of this method are good.
Humans ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics* ; COVID-19/diagnosis* ; Subgenomic RNA ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods* ; RNA, Viral/genetics* ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Nucleocapsid/chemistry* ; COVID-19 Testing

INTRODUCTION: Three doses of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines have been recommended for cancer patients to reduce the risk of severe disease. Anti-neoplastic treatment, such as chemotherapy, may affect long-term vaccine immunogenicity. METHOD: Patients with solid or haematological cancer were recruited from 2 hospitals between July 2021 and March 2022. Humoral response was evaluated using GenScript cPASS surrogate virus neutralisation assays. Clinical outcomes were obtained from medical records and national mandatory-reporting databases. RESULTS: A total of 273 patients were recruited, with 40 having haematological malignancies and the rest solid tumours. Among the participants, 204 (74.7%) were receiving active cancer therapy, including 98 (35.9%) undergoing systemic chemotherapy and the rest targeted therapy or immunotherapy. All patients were seronegative at baseline. Seroconversion rates after receiving 1, 2 and 3 doses of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination were 35.2%, 79.4% and 92.4%, respectively. After 3 doses, patients on active treatment for haematological malignancies had lower antibodies (57.3%±46.2) when compared to patients on immunotherapy (94.1%±9.56, P<0.05) and chemotherapy (92.8%±18.1, P<0.05). SARS-CoV-2 infection was reported in 77 (28.2%) patients, of which 18 were severe. No patient receiving a third dose within 90 days of the second dose experienced severe infection. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the benefit of early administration of the third dose among cancer patients.
Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19/prevention & control* ; Treatment Outcome ; Neoplasms/drug therapy* ; Hematologic Neoplasms ; Vaccination ; RNA, Messenger ; Antibodies, Viral ; Immunogenicity, Vaccine

Humans ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; Hepatitis B virus/genetics* ; Alanine Transaminase ; RNA ; Antiviral Agents ; DNA, Viral

Influenza C virus is an important respiratory pathogen not only infecting people, but also pigs, dogs, and other animals. Polymerase is central to the replication of influenza C virus and is an important target for studying the mechanism of viral replication. However, there is no commercial monoclonal antibody (MAb) targeting influenza C virus polymerase, which hampers the development of relevant research to some extent. In order to prepare MAb targeting the polymerase basic protein 2 (PB2) of influenza C virus, influenza C virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp, consists of PB1, PB2 and P3) was co-immunoprecipitated with Flag-tagged human acidic nuclear phosphoprotein 32A (huANP32A-Flag) from 293T cells based on the interaction between huANP32A and influenza virus RdRp. The purified RdRp was used as antigen to immunize BALB/c mice. Six positive hybridoma cell lines (7B11-5, 8A4-5, 13D9-6, 8D4-1, 8D4-3, 9F9-4) that stably secrete and recognize PB2 MAb were screened by indirect ELISA and Western blotting. The subtypes of MAb 7B11-5, 8A4-5, 8D4-1 and 8D4-3 antibody were identified as IgG1, the subtypes of MAb 13D9-6 and 9F9-4 were IgG2a and IgG3, respectively. All the light chains of the MAbs were κ chain. A hybridoma cell line 8D4-1 with high titer was further selected to prepare ascites. The titer of mouse ascites antibody was determined to be 1:64 000. Western blotting results showed that the MAb 8D4-1 had a specific immune response with ICV PB2; laser confocal assay showed that the prepared MAb 8D4-1 accurately detected the subcellular localization of PB2 subunits. Moreover, ICV RdRp was highly enriched by ANP32A. The high specific of the prepared PB2 MAb 8D4-1 may facilitate the polymerase detection, structural analysis and mechanism study of influenza C virus.
Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/metabolism* ; Ascites ; Humans ; Influenzavirus C/metabolism* ; Mice ; Nuclear Proteins/metabolism* ; RNA-Binding Proteins ; RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase/genetics* ; Viral Proteins/metabolism* ; Virus Replication

Objective: To explore the clinical significance of hepatitis B pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) for deciding antiviral therapy discontinuation in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Methods: Data of patients with CHB who were treated with long-term antiviral therapy in the Center for Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University from January 2019 to December 2019 were collected. Drug discontinuity after evaluation of high-sensitivity HBV DNA and HBV pgRNA (HBV DNA ≤20 IU/ml and HBV pgRNA<150 copies/ml) was observed. The prospective observational study on 91 patients with HBeAg-negative CHB was conducted. The clinical conditions were followed up 3, 6 and 12 months after the drug discontinuation. The relationship between HBV pgRNA and relapse after drug discontinuation was analyzed. Results: From observation to 12 months after drug discontinuation, a total of 34 patients (37.4%) had developed recurrence and resumed antiviral therapy, and the cumulative recurrence rate within 12 months of drug discontinuation was 46.8%. Among the relapsed patients, 14 (41.2%) had biochemical breakthroughs, and all achieved good biochemical and virological responses after the resumption of antiviral therapy. The Cox multivariate proportional hazards regression analysis showed that the level of HBV pgRNA before drug discontinuation and the type of antiviral drugs taken were associated with recurrence after drug discontinuation. The risk of recurrence after drug withdrawal in the HBV pgRNA ≤50 copies/ml group was 2.316 times higher than that in the HBV pgRNA negative group (HR=2.316, 95%CI: 1.047-5.126, P=0.038). The risk of recurrence after drug withdrawal in the HBV pgRNA >50 copies/ml group was 3.45 times higher than that in the HBV pgRNA negative group (HR=3.450, 95%CI: 1.338-8.892, P=0.010). Conclusion: HBV pgRNA can be used to predict the risk of recurrence after antiviral therapy discontinuation in patients with CHB. Patients with negative serum HBV pgRNA before drug discontinuation have a relatively low risk of relapse after drug discontinuation, and drug discontinuation is not recommended for patients with HBV pgRNA >50 copies/ml.
Humans ; Hepatitis B virus/genetics* ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; Hepatitis B, Chronic/drug therapy* ; DNA, Viral ; RNA ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use* ; Recurrence ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens