INTRODUCTION

Virtual learning is the new normal brought about by the pandemic in the field of education. Consequently, students are compelled to have increased exposure to electronic screens. With digital eye strain caused by increased exposure to gadgets, this study will look for a correlation between exposure to electronic screens and the severity and frequency of headaches and migraines among students studying online.

This study aims to gain an understanding of the average exposure of students to electronic screens and if there is a high frequency of migraine due to this increased exposure so that school administrators are aware of this; and in turn, to serve as a stepping stone for future studies in the same field of research.

This study will make use of an observational comparative design also known as a cross-sectional descriptive study in order to look into the proportion of students affected by such a phenomenon at one point in time. The chosen study population will consist of medicine students currently enrolled in the University of Santo Tomas, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery. The study will make use of questionnaires in order to gather data from the sample population.

Our research study indicates a significant direct correlation as evidenced by both the Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.386 and the p-value of 0.050 between electronic screen exposure and migraine frequency/severity among UST medicine students engaged in online distance learning.

While this correlation underscores the potential health impact of prolonged screen time, the moderately low association suggests a need for cautious interpretation. Other factors explored, such as gender and year level, exhibited positive correlations of 0.283 and 2.955, respectively, but did not reach statistical significance, possibly due to the small sample size limiting the depth of analysis.

Our study highlights a significant correlation between screen time exposure and migraine severity, suggesting the need for schools adopting online or hybrid setups to consider screen hours in their policies. Given the emergence of online learning environments, these factors require careful consideration. While exploring additional factors like gender and year level, limited sample size hindered conclusive findings. Future research should focus on increasing sample size and investigating variables such as screen time quality, exposure environment and participant demographics to better understand the primary causes predisposing individuals to migraine without aura.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic continues to afflict nations worldwide. The Philippines is no exception which has recorded more than 3 million cases as of December 2021 with children comprising 12% of total cases. Since the start of the pandemic, the Pediatric Infectious Disease Society of the Philippines (PIDSP) has been collecting data nationwide, through an online pediatric COVID-19 registry (SALVACION registry), to provide a better understanding of COVID-19 in children in the local setting. Methods: This was an ambispective cohort study of pediatric COVID-19 cases in the Philippines reported from March 2020 to December 2021. Data on clinical features, laboratory findings, disease severity, and treatment outcomes were voluntarily reported by physicians across the country. This study was approved by the Department of Health Single Joint Research Ethics Board. Results: As of December 30, 2021, there were 2,127 cases reported in the registry, with a median age of 5 years (interquartile range: 1-13 years) and mostly mild (41.9%) or moderate (24.5%) in severity. The top symptoms reported were fever (57.9%), cough (42.7%), coryza/colds (29.4%), anorexia (25.2%), and difficulty of breathing (23.1%). The most common comorbidities were hematologic-oncologic diseases (7.4%), neurologic diseases (7.0%) and surgical conditions (4.4%), while the most common coinfections were sepsis (6.3%), dengue fever (4.8%) and healthcare-associated pneumonia (2.1%). Significantly higher median CRP, procalcitonin, D-dimer, ferritin, transaminases and lactate dehydrogenase were seen among severe/critical cases compared to non-severe cases. There was a high frequency of antibiotic use (58%). Most cases recovered, although 172 deaths were reported with an 8.6% case fatality rate. The most common comorbidities in those who died were neurologic (15.7%), cardiac (12.8%) and hematologic (11.6%) diseases. Conclusion Children across all age groups are susceptible to COVID-19 and most cases are mild or moderate in severity. Among severe and critical cases, the most common comorbidities were neurologic, hematologic-oncologic and cardiac diseases. Most patients recovered with supportive management.
COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Child ; Registries ; Philippines

The Division of Cancer Prevention of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and the Office of Disease Prevention of the National Institutes of Health co-sponsored the Translational Advances in Cancer Prevention Agent Development Meeting on August 27 to 28, 2020. The goals of this meeting were to foster the exchange of ideas and stimulate new collaborative interactions among leading cancer prevention researchers from basic and clinical research; highlight new and emerging trends in immunoprevention and chemoprevention as well as new information from clinical trials; and provide information to the extramural research community on the significant resources available from the NCI to promote prevention agent development and rapid translation to clinical trials. The meeting included two plenary talks and five sessions covering the range from pre-clinical studies with chemo/immunopreventive agents to ongoing cancer prevention clinical trials. In addition, two NCI informational sessions describing contract resources for the preclinical agent development and cooperative grants for the Cancer Prevention Clinical Trials Network were also presented.

The Division of Cancer Prevention of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and the Office of Disease Prevention of the National Institutes of Health co-sponsored the Translational Advances in Cancer Prevention Agent Development Meeting on August 27 to 28, 2020. The goals of this meeting were to foster the exchange of ideas and stimulate new collaborative interactions among leading cancer prevention researchers from basic and clinical research; highlight new and emerging trends in immunoprevention and chemoprevention as well as new information from clinical trials; and provide information to the extramural research community on the significant resources available from the NCI to promote prevention agent development and rapid translation to clinical trials. The meeting included two plenary talks and five sessions covering the range from pre-clinical studies with chemo/immunopreventive agents to ongoing cancer prevention clinical trials. In addition, two NCI informational sessions describing contract resources for the preclinical agent development and cooperative grants for the Cancer Prevention Clinical Trials Network were also presented.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; pharmacology ; Ceftriaxone ; pharmacology ; Child, Preschool ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Hospitals, Public ; Humans ; Infant ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Middle Aged ; Salmonella ; classification ; drug effects ; isolation & purification ; Salmonella Infections ; drug therapy ; microbiology ; Singapore ; beta-Lactamases ; genetics ; isolation & purification