The 2025 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Annual Meeting was held in Chicago. At the meeting, researches on the treatment of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) once again took the spotlight. Combination therapy strategies have demonstrated the potential to overcome resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) and prolong survival. Meanwhile, progress has also been made in individualized treatment strategies for young patients and those with fibrotic interstitial lung disease. However, the complexity of resistance mechanisms, special treatment considerations for different populations, and the impact of socioeconomic factors on treatment accessibility remain challenges in the field of EGFR-mutant NSCLC treatment. In the future, it is necessary to further explore more effective treatment regimens and expand the accessibility of precision medicine to maximize patient benefits.

The 26th World Conference on Lung Cancer (WCLC) was held in Barcelona during September 6-9, 2025. As the world's largest and most influential academic meeting in the field of lung cancer, this year's congress unveiled long-term follow-up data from several pivotal studies and significant advances in novel therapeutic strategies. In the realm of targeted therapy, a next-generation combination strategy has been established as the new standard of care for the first-line treatment of patients with advanced epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), demonstrating a significant improvement in overall survival. In immunotherapy, novel combination regimens have not only addressed the therapeutic challenge of acquired resistance to EGFR targeted therapies, but also shown clear long-term survival benefits in both the perioperative and locally advanced settings. These findings pave the way for shifting the treatment paradigm to earlier stages for patients with NSCLC. Antibody-drug conjugates have made remarkable strides in this field. They have shown outstanding efficacy in patients with specific resistance mutations and those with brain metastases, and have also demonstrated immense potential in treating patients with HER2-aberrant lung cancer and broader NSCLC populations. This offers new therapeutic options for patients with refractory lung cancer.However, significant challenges remain, including the heterogeneity of resistance mechanisms, the selection of optimal treatment regimens, and management strategies for special populations. Future research should focus on identifying novel precision biomarkers and optimizing therapeutic strategies to ultimately improve clinical outcomes for all patients with lung cancer.

Objective To systematically analyze the characteristics of the disease burden of hypertensive heart disease (HHD) in the elderly (≥60 years) globally and in China from 1990 to 2021, and to predict its future trends from 2022 to 2040, with the aim of providing data support for optimizing comprehensive prevention and control strategies for HHD. Methods Based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database, the number of prevalent cases and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of HHD in the elderly were extracted for the world, China, and five regions categorized by sociodemographic index (SDI). Joinpoint regression was used to analyze the temporal trends of age-standardized prevalence rate and age-standardized DALYs rate of HHD in the elderly. A three-factor decomposition method was applied to evaluate the relative contributions of aging, population growth, and epidemiological changes to the variations in the elderly HHD burden. Additionally, a Bayesian age-period-cohort model was used to predict the elderly HHD burden from 2022 to 2040. Results In 2021, the number of prevalent elderly HHD cases reached 10 283 000 globally and 3 412 400 in China, representing increases of 179.20% and 159.20% respectively, compared with 1990. The DALYs of elderly HHD were 18 812 700 person-years globally and 4 731 400 person-years in China, rising by 76.08% and 29.45% respectively from 1990. Meanwhile, the growth rates of the number of prevalent cases and DALYs of elderly HHD varied across different SDI regions. From 1990 to 2021, the age-standardized prevalence rate of elderly HHD in China, as well as the age-standardized DALYs rate of elderly HHD both globally and in China, showed significant downward trends (all average annual percentage changes<0, all P<0.001). In 2021, the 70-74 years age group accounted for the highest proportion of prevalent cases and DALYs of elderly HHD, both globally and in China. Decomposition analysis revealed that population growth was the dominant factor driving the increase in the elderly HHD burden across all regions. The prediction model results indicated that the number of prevalent cases and DALYs of elderly HHD would continue to rise globally and in China from 2022 to 2040, with the growth rate of the elderly HHD burden in China between 2021 and 2040 expected to exceed the global average. Conclusion Over the past 32 years, although the age-standardized disease rates of elderly HHD have mainly shown a downward trend globally and in China, the absolute number of the disease burden has increased substantially. The projection model indicates a continued upward trajectory, with the growth rate in China higher than the global average. Therefore, there is an urgent need to implement precise prevention and control strategies to effectively mitigate the disease burden of elderly HHD.

Objective To systematically evaluate the risk prediction models for postoperative delirium in adults with cardiac surgery. Methods The SinoMed, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, PubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were searched to collect studies on risk prediction models for postoperative delirium in cardiac surgery published up to January 29, 2025. Two researchers screened the literature according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, used the PROBAST bias tool to assess the quality of the literature, and conducted a meta-analysis of common predictors in the model using Stata 17.0 software. Results A total of 21 articles were included, establishing 45 models with 28733 patients. Age, cardiopulmonary bypass time, history of diabetes, history of cerebrovascular disease, and gender were the top five common predictors. The area under the curve (AUC) of the 45 models ranged from 0.544 to 0.98. Fourteen out of the 21 studies had good applicability, while the applicability of the remaining seven was unclear; 20 studies had a high risk of bias. Meta-analysis showed that the incidence of postoperative delirium in adults with cardiac surgery was 18.6% [95%CI (15.7%, 21.6%)], and age [OR=1.045 (1.036, 1.054), P<0.001], history of cerebrovascular disease [OR=1.758 (1.459, 2.057), P<0.001], gender [OR=1.732 (1.430, 2.034), P<0.001], mini-mental state examination score [OR=3.930 (1.859, 8.309), P<0.001], and length of ICU stay [OR=5.586 (4.289, 6.883), P<0.001] were independent influencing factors for postoperative delirium after cardiac surgery. Conclusion The risk prediction models for postoperative delirium after cardiac surgery have good predictive performance, but there is a high overall risk of bias. In the future, large-sample, multicenter, high-quality prospective clinical studies should be conducted to construct the optimal risk prediction model for postoperative delirium in adults with cardiac surgery, aiming to identify and prevent the occurrence of postoperative delirium as early as possible.

Objective To develop albumin-binding indocyanine green (ICG) and assess its potential for near-infrared fluorescence imaging and intraoperative navigation in lung cancer. Methods ABD-tri was recombinantly expressed by genetic engineering. Its albumin-binding capability was determined using size-exclusion chromatography, and its albumin-dependent binding to lung cancer cells was evaluated by flow cytometry. ICG was conjugated to ABD-tri to generate the fluorescent probe ABD-tri-ICG. The potential of ABD-tri-ICG for near-infrared fluorescence imaging and imaging-guided tumor resection was evaluated in mice bearing subcutaneous tumor grafts of lung cancer. Results ABD-tri was highly expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli) and was purified to homogeneity via a simple affinity chromatography. ABD-tri bound both human and murine serum albumin, contributing to its binding to lung cancer cells. ICG was effectively conjugated to ABD-tri to produce the fluorescence probe ABD-tri-ICG after mixing and incubation at room temperature for 1 h. In mice bearing lung cancer tumor grafts, intravenously injected ABD-tri-ICG enabled clear visualization of tumors with diameters ranging from 5 to 7 mm within 0.5-24 h post-injection. The tumor grafts were resected under the guidance of ABD-tri-ICG-mediated near-infrared fluorescence imaging. Conclusion Intravenous injection of ABD-tri-ICG allows rapid and sustained visualization of lung cancer tumor grafts and enables intraoperative navigation in mice, warranting further evaluation on the clinical translation of ABD-tri-ICG.

In audiovisual emotion recognition, representational learning is a research direction receiving considerable attention, and the key lies in constructing effective affective representations with both consistency and variability. However, there are still many challenges to accurately realize affective representations. For this reason, in this paper we proposed a cross-modal audiovisual recognition model based on a multi-head cross-attention mechanism. The model achieved fused feature and modality alignment through a multi-head cross-attention architecture, and adopted a segmented training strategy to cope with the modality missing problem. In addition, a unimodal auxiliary loss task was designed and shared parameters were used in order to preserve the independent information of each modality. Ultimately, the model achieved macro and micro F1 scores of 84.5% and 88.2%, respectively, on the crowdsourced annotated multimodal emotion dataset of actor performances (CREMA-D). The model in this paper can effectively capture intra- and inter-modal feature representations of audio and video modalities, and successfully solves the unity problem of the unimodal and multimodal emotion recognition frameworks, which provides a brand-new solution to the audiovisual emotion recognition.
Emotions ; Humans ; Attention ; Algorithms

During transfer tasks, the dual-arm nursing-care robot require a human-robot mechanics model to determine the balance region to support the patient safely and stably. Previous studies utilized human-robot two-dimensional static equilibrium models, ignoring the human body volume and muscle torques, which decreased model accuracy and confined the robot ability to adjust the patient's posture in three-dimensional spatial. Therefore, this study proposes a three-dimensional spatial mechanics modeling method based on individualized human musculoskeletal multibody dynamics. Firstly, based on the mechanical features of dual-arm support, this study constructed a foundational three-dimensional human-robot mechanics model including body posture, contact position and body force. With the computed tomography data from subjects, a three-dimensional femur-pelvis-sacrum model was reconstructed, and the individualized musculoskeletal dynamics was analyzed using the ergonomics software, which derived the human joint forces and completed the mechanic model. Then, this study established a dual-arm robot transfer platform to conduct subject transfer experiments, showing that the constructed mechanics model possessed higher accuracy than previous methods. In summary, this study provides a three-dimensional human-robot mechanics model adapting to individual transfers, which has potential application in various scenarios such as nursing-care and rehabilitating robots.
Humans ; Robotics ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Posture ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Nursing Care

Transcranial temporal interference stimulation (tTIS) is a novel non-invasive transcranial electrical stimulation technique that achieves deep brain stimulation through multiple electrodes applying electric fields of different frequencies. Current studies on the mechanism of tTIS effects are primarily based on rodents, but experimental outcomes are often significantly influenced by electrode configurations. To enhance the performance of tTIS within the limited cranial space of rodents, we proposed various electrode configurations for tTIS and conducted finite element simulations using a realistic mouse model. Results demonstrated that ventral-dorsal, four-channel bipolar, and two-channel configurations performed best in terms of focality, diffusion of activated brain regions, and scalp impact, respectively. Compared to traditional transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), these configurations improved by 94.83%, 50.59%, and 3 514.58% in the respective evaluation metrics. This study provides a reference for selecting electrode configurations in future tTIS research on rodents.
Animals ; Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation/instrumentation* ; Electrodes ; Mice ; Computer Simulation ; Finite Element Analysis ; Brain/physiology*

Clinical trials have demonstrated that kilohertz-frequency transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (TSCS) can be used to facilitate the recovery of sensory-motor function for patients with spinal cord injury, whereas the neural mechanism of TSCS is still undetermined so that the choice of stimulation parameters is largely dependent on the clinical experience. In this paper, a finite element model of transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation was used to calculate the electric field distribution of human spinal cord segments T ₁₂ to L ₂, whereas the activation thresholds of spinal fibers were determined by using a double-cable neuron model. Then the variation of activation thresholds was obtained by varying the carrier waveform, the interphase delay, the modulating frequency, and the modulating pulse width. Compared with the sinusoidal carrier, the usage of square carrier could significantly reduce the activation threshold of dorsal root (DR) fibers. Moreover, the variation of activation thresholds was no more than 1 V due to the varied modulating frequency and decreases with the increased modulating pulse width. For a square carrier at 10 kHz modulated by rectangular pulse with the frequency of 50 Hz and the pulse width of 1 ms, the lowest activation thresholds of DR fibers and dorsal column fibers were 27.6 V and 55.8 V, respectively. An interphase delay of 5 μs was able to reduce the activation thresholds of the DR fibers to 20.1 V. The simulation results can lay a theoretical foundation on the selection of TSCS parameters in clinical trials.
Humans ; Spinal Cord Stimulation/methods* ; Nerve Fibers/physiology* ; Finite Element Analysis ; Spinal Cord/physiology* ; Computer Simulation ; Spinal Cord Injuries/physiopathology* ; Lumbosacral Region ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation/methods* ; Models, Neurological

To solve the safety problems caused by the restriction of interaction space and the singular configuration of rehabilitation robot in terminal traction upper limb rehabilitation training, a trajectory planning and tracking control scheme for rehabilitation training is proposed. The human-robot safe interaction space was obtained based on kinematics modeling and rehabilitation theory, and the training trajectory was planned based on the occupational therapy in rehabilitation medicine. The singular configuration of the rehabilitation robot in the interaction space was avoided by exponential adaptive damped least square method. Then, a nonlinear controller for the upper limb rehabilitation robot was designed based on the backstepping control method. Radial basis function neural network was used to approximate the robot model information online to achieve model-free control. The stability of the controller was proved by Lyapunov stability theory. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed singular avoidance control scheme.
Humans ; Upper Extremity ; Robotics/methods* ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Neural Networks, Computer ; Traction/methods* ; Algorithms