Objective:To predict the therapeutic targets and potential mechanism of Yi medicine Tiaojing Yangyan Capsules in treating primary dysmenorrhea, menstrual disorders and oligomenorrhea using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS combined with network pharmacology.Methods:Using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS method, the chemical components in Tiaojing Yangyan Capsules were identified through automatic matching and retrieval from Waters UNIFI Chinese Materia Medica Database based on chromatographic peak retention time, precise relative molecular weight, characteristic fragment ions, and other information. TCMSP and SwissTarget Prediction databases were used to obtain chemical component targets, constructing a "drug-active component-target-disease" visual regulatory network and PPI network through databases such as GeneCards, DrugBank, TTD, PharmGKB, and Cytoscape 3.8.0 software. Metascape database was used to perform GO functional and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis on intersecting targets, and the potential mechanism of Tiaojing Yangyan Capsules in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea was predicted.Results:Totally 67 components components were analyzed and identified from the Tiaojing Yangyan Capsules, which acted on 350 targets related to primary dysmenorrhea and menstrual disorders. The 15 main active components, including Ginsenoside Rg1, Ginsenoside Re, and Notoginsenoside Fe, targeted key proteins such as TNF, HSP90AA1, and STAT3, which would treat primary dysmenorrhea by regulating pathways such as the PI3K-Akt, FoxO, and Calcium.Conclusion:Tiaojing Yangyan Capsules may alleviate inflammatory reactions, alter hormone levels, regulate ovarian function, promote blood circulation, remove blood stasis, and regulate qi and blood through multiple components, targets, and pathways, thereby playing a preventive and therapeutic role in primary dysmenorrhea, menstrual disorders, and other conditions.