This study aims to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise on neuroinflammation in AD mice and explore the mechanisms of neuroinflammation regulated by the blood-brain barrier,lipopolysaccharide(LPS)displacement,and glial cell activation.Twenty 3-month-old male APP/PS1 double transgenic mice were used,which were randomly divided into a sedentary group(SE-AD)and an aerobic exercise group(Run-AD),and 10 3-month-old male C57BL/6 mice were used as the control group(WT).The Run-AD group underwent 12 weeks of aerobic training.The results of the water maze showed that aerobic exercise improved the learning and memory capacity of AD mice(P＜0.05).The results of H&E stai-ning and Nissl staining showed that aerobic exercise reduced necrotic cells and inflammatory cell infiltra-tion in the cerebral cortex,as well as nuclear condensation in the CA1 and GD regions of the hippocam-pus(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),and increased the area of Nissl bodies in the cerebral cortex and hippocam-pal CA3 and DG regions.Western blotting and ELISA results showed that aerobic exercise increased the expression of Occludin,ZO-1 and Claudin-5 proteins in the brain(P＜0.01),and decreased the levels of LPS in the brain(P＜0.01).The qRT-PCR results exhibited that aerobic exercise decreased the ex-pression of TLR4,MyD88,NF-κB,IL-1β,and TNF-α mRNA(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).The results of immunofluorescence staining revealed that aerobic exercise reduced the fluorescence area of brain IL-1βand TNF-α proteins(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),as well as the fluorescence area of Iba-1,GFAP,and TLR4 proteins in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).There was a high degree of overlap between Iba-1 and TLR4 fluorescence in the cerebral cortex,and GFAP was localized around Iba-1.In summary,aerobic exercise attenuates neuroinflammation in AD mice by protecting the blood-brain barrier,reducing the displacement of LPS,and subsequently weakening the immune activation of microglia to regulate the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway to alleviate neuroinflammation.

This study aims to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise on neuroinflammation in AD mice and explore the mechanisms of neuroinflammation regulated by the blood-brain barrier,lipopolysaccharide(LPS)displacement,and glial cell activation.Twenty 3-month-old male APP/PS1 double transgenic mice were used,which were randomly divided into a sedentary group(SE-AD)and an aerobic exercise group(Run-AD),and 10 3-month-old male C57BL/6 mice were used as the control group(WT).The Run-AD group underwent 12 weeks of aerobic training.The results of the water maze showed that aerobic exercise improved the learning and memory capacity of AD mice(P＜0.05).The results of H&E stai-ning and Nissl staining showed that aerobic exercise reduced necrotic cells and inflammatory cell infiltra-tion in the cerebral cortex,as well as nuclear condensation in the CA1 and GD regions of the hippocam-pus(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),and increased the area of Nissl bodies in the cerebral cortex and hippocam-pal CA3 and DG regions.Western blotting and ELISA results showed that aerobic exercise increased the expression of Occludin,ZO-1 and Claudin-5 proteins in the brain(P＜0.01),and decreased the levels of LPS in the brain(P＜0.01).The qRT-PCR results exhibited that aerobic exercise decreased the ex-pression of TLR4,MyD88,NF-κB,IL-1β,and TNF-α mRNA(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).The results of immunofluorescence staining revealed that aerobic exercise reduced the fluorescence area of brain IL-1βand TNF-α proteins(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),as well as the fluorescence area of Iba-1,GFAP,and TLR4 proteins in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).There was a high degree of overlap between Iba-1 and TLR4 fluorescence in the cerebral cortex,and GFAP was localized around Iba-1.In summary,aerobic exercise attenuates neuroinflammation in AD mice by protecting the blood-brain barrier,reducing the displacement of LPS,and subsequently weakening the immune activation of microglia to regulate the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway to alleviate neuroinflammation.

AIM To study the chemical constituents from the root tubers of Stephania kwangsiensis H.S.Lo and their tyrosinase inhibition and insecticidal activities.METHODS The 70％ ethanol extract from root tubers of S.kwangsiensis was isolated and purified by Sephadex LH-20,MCI,ODS,semi-prepative HPLC and HSCCC,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.The tyrosinase inhibitory activities were determined by using levodopa as substrate,and the insecticidal activities were evaluated by the control effect of Diaphorina citri.RESULTS Twelve compounds were isolated and identified as tetrahydropalmatine ( 1 ),dehydrocrebanine ( 2 ),crebanine ( 3 ),stephanine ( 4 ),liriodenine ( 5 ),piperumbellactam A ( 6 ),sinoacutine ( 7 ),(+)-salutaridine N-oxide ( 8 ),bisnorargemonine ( 9 ),(+)-corytuberine (10),sebiferine (11) and palmatrubine (12).The IC50 values of compounds 5-7 to tyrosinase were (0.1702±0.0101),(0.7663±0.0331) and (0.5193±0.0075) mg/mL,respectively.The control effects of compounds 2-5,7,8,10-12 against D.citri ranged from ( 19.33±0.57 )％ to ( 77.15±0.45 )％.CONCLUSION Compounds 2,5,6,and 8-12 are isolated from this plant for the first time,6 and 9 are first obtained from genus Stephania.Compounds 5-7 displayed significant tyrosinase inhibition activities.Compounds 7,8 and 10 show strong insecticidal activities.

AIM To study the chemical constituents from the root tubers of Stephania kwangsiensis H.S.Lo and their tyrosinase inhibition and insecticidal activities.METHODS The 70％ ethanol extract from root tubers of S.kwangsiensis was isolated and purified by Sephadex LH-20,MCI,ODS,semi-prepative HPLC and HSCCC,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.The tyrosinase inhibitory activities were determined by using levodopa as substrate,and the insecticidal activities were evaluated by the control effect of Diaphorina citri.RESULTS Twelve compounds were isolated and identified as tetrahydropalmatine ( 1 ),dehydrocrebanine ( 2 ),crebanine ( 3 ),stephanine ( 4 ),liriodenine ( 5 ),piperumbellactam A ( 6 ),sinoacutine ( 7 ),(+)-salutaridine N-oxide ( 8 ),bisnorargemonine ( 9 ),(+)-corytuberine (10),sebiferine (11) and palmatrubine (12).The IC50 values of compounds 5-7 to tyrosinase were (0.1702±0.0101),(0.7663±0.0331) and (0.5193±0.0075) mg/mL,respectively.The control effects of compounds 2-5,7,8,10-12 against D.citri ranged from ( 19.33±0.57 )％ to ( 77.15±0.45 )％.CONCLUSION Compounds 2,5,6,and 8-12 are isolated from this plant for the first time,6 and 9 are first obtained from genus Stephania.Compounds 5-7 displayed significant tyrosinase inhibition activities.Compounds 7,8 and 10 show strong insecticidal activities.

Objective:To explore the mechanism of the alternation of RR interval length in atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT).Methods:From August 2009 to August 2016, 317 patients with AVRT were treated by radiofrequency catheter ablation in cardiology department of TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital were analyzed retrospectively.During AVRT, 5 mg of verapamil was given slowly intravenously for 10 min.After administration, the changes of RR interval, AH interval, HV interval and VA interval were observed and the time of changes was also observed.Results:After administration of verapamil, there were 8 patients with RR interval alternation and QRS wave alternation.When RR interval alternation occurred, the difference of AH interval between adjacent heart beats was gradually extended, without AH jump, and the HV interval and VA interval were constant.This phenomenon occurred 6-17 minutes after administration, and the average cycle of tachycardia was 16-42 ms longer than before administration.In 3 patients, RR interval alternation occurred.When the phenomenon disappeared, the difference of AH interval between adjacent heart beats was gradually shortened, there was no AH jump, and the interval between HV and VA was constant until AH interval was equal, the disappearance time was 19-57 min after administration; AVRT was terminated in 5 patients after administration.Conclusion:It can be concluded that the mechanism is due to the frequency dependent decreasing conduction of AH interval in tachycardia, which can not be induced by program stimulation.

Objective:To investigate the association between the parameters of thin-section computed tomography and the invasion and histological subtypes of subsolid nodules measuring 1-2 centimeters in diameter as lung adenocarcinoma.Methods:We retrospectively reviewed the cases with subsolid nodules measuring 1-2 centimeters on thin-section computed tomography and histologically confirmed as lung adenocarcinoma.Results:A total of 135 patients were enrolled in this study, including 23 with pure ground glass nodules and 112 with part-solid ground glass nodule. We observed significant differences of nodule size, solid component size, consolidation-to-tumor ratio, nodule attenuation and attenuation ratio( P<0.0001). The receiver operating curve indicated certain predictive value of solid component size, nodule attenuation and attenuation ratio: AUC were 0.838(0.756-0.919)、0.823(0.729-0.917) and 0.820(0.726-0.914), respectively. Of the invasive adenocarcinoma, those with solid or micropapillary components merely showed a significance in solid component size( P=0.024). Conclusion:The parameters of thin-section computed tomography of 1-2 centimeters subsolid nodules showed significant differences in varied invasiveness of lung adenocarcinoma, and these could have certain predictive value.

Objective To detect the SNR and geometric accuracy of MRI based on American College of Radiology (ACR)standards.Methods The SNR and geometric accuracy of Siemens Skyra 3.0T,Siemens Trio 3.0T and GE Excite HD 1.5T MRI were measured with ACR phantom,and the detection results were calculated according to the standards.Results The SNR values of Siemens Skyra 3.0T,Siemens Trio 3.0T and GE Excite HD 1.5T MRI were 589.98,438.50 and 277.12 respectively.Siemens Skyra 3.0T MRI had the values of geometric accuracy being-1.93％ at X direction,-3.20％ at Y direction and 0.68％ at Z direction,Siemens Trio 3.0T MRI had the value of geometric accuracy being-0.87％ at X direction,-2.33％ at Y direction and 1.49％ at Z direction,GE Excite HD 1.5T MRI had the values of geometric accuracy being 0.20％ at X direction,-1.53％ at Y direction and 1.69％ at Z direction.Conclusion The detection of the SNR and geometric accuracy of MRI can effectively guarantee the image quality.

Triptolide (TP) from Tripterygium wilfordii has been demonstrated to possess anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, and anticancer activities. TP is specially used for the treatment of awkward rheumatoid arthritis, but its clinical application is confined by intense side effects. It is reported that licorice can obviously reduce the toxicity of TP, but the detailed mechanisms involved have not been comprehensively investigated. The current study aimed to explore metabolomics characteristics of the toxic reaction induced by TP and the intervention effect of licorice water extraction (LWE) against such toxicity. Obtained urine samples from control, TP and TP + LWE treated rats were analyzed by UPLC/ESI-QTOF-MS. The metabolic profiles of the control and the TP group were well differentiated by the principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis. The toxicity of TP was demonstrated to be evolving along with the exposure time of TP. Eight potential biomarkers related to TP toxicity were successfully identified in urine samples. Furthermore, LWE treatment could attenuate the change in six of the eight identified biomarkers. Functional pathway analysis revealed that the alterations in these metabolites were associated with tryptophan, pantothenic acid, and porphyrin metabolism. Therefore, it was concluded that LWE demonstrated interventional effects on TP toxicity through regulation of tryptophan, pantothenic acid, and porphyrin metabolism pathways, which provided novel insights into the possible mechanisms of TP toxicity as well as the potential therapeutic effects of LWE against such toxicity.
Animals ; Biomarkers ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Diterpenes ; toxicity ; Epoxy Compounds ; toxicity ; Glycyrrhiza ; Male ; Metabolomics ; Phenanthrenes ; toxicity ; Plant Extracts ; therapeutic use ; Principal Component Analysis ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; methods

The effects of four different stocking densities and five different diets on the growth of Bufo gargarizans tadpoles were studied to determine the optimum stocking density and diet. For stocking density experiment, the tadpoles were fed respectively at different density of 200, 500, 1 000 and 2 000 tadpoles per square meter. For diet experiment, the tadpoles were divided into five groups fed respectively with five different diets. The body weight, snout-vent length and tail length were measured every seven days, and mortality was recorded. The results showed that: the survival rates of tadpole before metamorphosis and after metamorphosis were from 68.7% to 96.3% and from 5.7% to 36.0%, respectively; the optimum stocking density is 1 000 tadpoles per square meter for the stocking density had no effect on the survival rate of tadpole before metamorphosis, and the tadpoles had the relative large body weight and survival numbers in 1000 tadpoles per square meter; the diet Ⅱ(37.9% crude protein and 5.7% crude fat), Ⅳ (25.1% crude protein and 4.0% crude fat), and Ⅴ (egg yolk) were all the optimum diets for the diet had no effect on the survival rate of tadpole before metamorphosis and the tadpoles fed with three kinds of diet above had relatively large body weight, and one of these three diets based on their availability and cost should be adopted during breeding period.

Adult ; Cartilage Diseases ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; surgery ; Menisci, Tibial ; surgery