Acute kidney injury (AKI) has high morbidity and mortality, but effective clinical drugs and management are lacking. Previous studies have suggested that macrophages play a crucial role in the inflammatory response to AKI and may serve as potential therapeutic targets. Emerging evidence has highlighted the importance of forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) in mediating macrophage activation and polarization in various diseases, but the specific mechanisms by which FoxO1 regulates macrophages during AKI remain unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the role of FoxO1 in macrophages in the pathogenesis of AKI. We observed a significant upregulation of FoxO1 in kidney macrophages following ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Additionally, our findings demonstrated that the administration of FoxO1 inhibitor AS1842856-encapsulated liposome (AS-Lipo), mainly acting on macrophages, effectively mitigated renal injury induced by I/R injury in mice. By generating myeloid-specific FoxO1-knockout mice, we further observed that the deficiency of FoxO1 in myeloid cells protected against I/R injury-induced AKI. Furthermore, our study provided evidence of FoxO1's pivotal role in macrophage chemotaxis, inflammation, and migration. Moreover, the impact of FoxO1 on the regulation of macrophage migration was mediated through RhoA guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 (ARHGEF1), indicating that ARHGEF1 may serve as a potential intermediary between FoxO1 and the activity of the RhoA pathway. Consequently, our findings propose that FoxO1 plays a crucial role as a mediator and biomarker in the context of AKI. Targeting macrophage FoxO1 pharmacologically could potentially offer a promising therapeutic approach for AKI.

Diabetic nephropathy(DN)is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus and a leading cause of end-stage renal diseases.In DN patients,key pathological mechanisms include proteinuria,glomerulo-sclerosis,and fibrosis,largely driven by poor glycemic control and oxidative stress caused by prolonged hyperglycemia.This stress damages renal podocytes and triggers inflammatory mesenchymal infiltration of renal tubular cells,exacerbating the progression of proteinuria and fibrosis.Human umbilical cord-de-rived mesenchymal stem cells(hUC-MSCs)offer promising potential for treating DN due to their strong anti-oxidative properties.In this study,we developed a DN mouse model and treated the mouse via tail vein injections of hUC-MSCs(1×106 cells/mouse).The results indicated that hUC-MSCs significantly lowered fasting blood glucose levels(22.5±3.0 vs 14.7±1.1,P＜0.01)and improved glucose toler-ance,as shown by intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test(IPGTT)results(P＜0.05).Additionally,the renal function improved in hUC-MSCs-treated mice,with marked reductions in oxidative stress markers,including blood urea nitrogen(BUN),urinary creatinine(Ucr),urinary protein(PRO),superoxide dismutase(SOD),and malondialdehyde(MDA)(P＜0.05).Histological analyses through hematoxy-lin-eosin(H&E),Periodic Acid-Schiff(PAS),and Sirius red staining demonstrated alleviation of glo-merular mesangial hyperplasia,glomerular hypertrophy,and tubular inflammation.Furthermore,hUC-MSCs treatment downregulated the expression of oxidative stress-related proteins,such as NADPH oxi-dase 4(NOX4)and thioredoxin-interacting protein(TXNIP),and reduced reactive oxygen species(ROS)production(P＜0.05).Meanwhile,human renal cortical proximal tubule epithelial cells(HK-2 cells)were selected for validation in vitro experiments using high glucose treatment followed by super-natants of hUC-MSCs(MSC-CM),and Western blotting showed that the expression of both NOX4 and TXNIP was inhibited(P＜0.05)and ROS expression was reduced.In conclusion,hUC-MSC treatment effectively lowered blood glucose levels and improved renal function in DN mice,likely through the sup-pression of NOX4 expression and TXNIP-mediated oxidative stress.

The scaphoid bone is one of the important bone of hand,which is frequently injured and difficult to treat in clinical practice.Therefore,it is very important to deeply study the microstructure and biomechanical characteristics of the scaphoid bone for understanding its injury mechanism and optimizing treatment scheme.Microcomputed tomography(micro-CT)provides high-resolution imaging of bone tissue,while finite element analysis can help to simulate the stress distribution and behavioral patterns of the scaphoid bone under various physiological and pathological states.The high-resolution three-dimensional image of the scaphoid bone obtained by micro-CT technology can be used to construct finite element models of real anatomical structure of the scaphoid bone,thus achieving accurate simulation of the mechanical properties of the scaphoid bone.The fusion of these two advanced technologies provides a new perspective for revealing the structural and functional relationships and injury mechanism of the scaphoid bone.Therefore,this paper reviews the anatomical characteristics of the scaphoid bone and its biomechanical behavior in different states,emphasizing the specific applications and advantages of micro-CT and finite element analysis techniques in the study of the scaphoid bone.By summarizing the research findings in recent years,this paper provides novel scientific basis and methods for the diagnosis,treatment,and prevention of scaphoid bone-related disorders.

Objective To evaluate the value of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)in the diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis(KOA)by Meta-analysis.Methods Multiple databases for literature on KOA ultrasound and MRI diagnosis were screened.After data extraction and study quality assessment,14 articles involving 1613 patients were finally included.Meta-analysis were used on the extracted data to comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness of ultrasound and MRI in the diagnosis of KOA.Results All included studies used arthroscopy or surgical pathology as the gold standard for diagnosis.The pooled sensitivity,specificity,and diagnostic odds ratio(DOR)for ultrasound in diagnosing KOA were 0.79,0.82,and 20.30,respectively,with area under the curve(AUC)was 0.89.In comparison,the pooled sensitivity,specificity,and DOR for MRI in diagnosing KOA were 0.88,0.85,and 42.35,respectively,with AUC of 0.92.Conclusion Ultrasound and MRI have good accuracy in the diagnosis of KOA,and MRI is superior to ultrasound.

Objective:To explore the effect of hospital-community continuous management based on mobile health and dyadic coping intervention in ileostomy patients and their spouses.Methods:This was a randomized controlled trial. Patients with rectal cancer who underwent ileostomy at Taizhou People′s Hospital between August 2018 and August 2023, along with their spouses, were enrolled. Patient-spouse dyads were randomly assigned to either the intervention group or the control group using a random number table method. Baseline demographic data were collected from both groups. The control group received routine care, whereas the intervention group was given a hospital-community transitional care program based on mHealth (mobile health) and a dyadic coping model. Stoma adaptation, family functioning, and dyadic coping capacity were evaluated at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months postoperatively. Sedentary behavior time and exercise compliance were also assessed at 1 month and 3 months after surgery.Results:A total of 47 patient-spouse dyads were included in the control group and 48 dyads in the intervention group. There were no statistically significant differences in baseline characteristics between the two groups (all P>0.05). Similarly, no significant differences were found in the age, sex or education level of the spouses (all P>0.05). At 1 week postoperatively, there were no significant differences in family cohesion and adaptability scores between the two groups (all P>0.05). However, at 1 and 3 months postoperatively, the intervention group had significantly higher family cohesion and adaptability scores than the control group (all P<0.05). With regard to dyadic coping capacity, no significant differences were observed in any of the subscale scores of the dyadic coping questionnaire at 1 week postoperatively (all P>0.05). At 1 and 3 months postoperatively, the intervention group scored significantly higher than the control group on stress communication, supportive coping, delegated coping, and joint coping ( P<0.05), but lower on negative coping ( P<0.05). In terms of stoma adaptation, no significant difference was found between the two groups at 1 week postoperatively ( P>0.05). At 1 and 3 months postoperatively, the intervention group showed significantly higher stoma adaptation and exercise compliance scores, as well as shorter sedentary behavior time, compared to the control group (all P<0.05). Conclusions:The hospital-community transitional care program developed by the research team effectively improves family functioning, dyadic coping capacity in ileostomy patient-spouse dyads, and postoperative stoma adaptation and rehabilitation outcomes.

Objective To evaluate the value of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)in the diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis(KOA)by Meta-analysis.Methods Multiple databases for literature on KOA ultrasound and MRI diagnosis were screened.After data extraction and study quality assessment,14 articles involving 1613 patients were finally included.Meta-analysis were used on the extracted data to comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness of ultrasound and MRI in the diagnosis of KOA.Results All included studies used arthroscopy or surgical pathology as the gold standard for diagnosis.The pooled sensitivity,specificity,and diagnostic odds ratio(DOR)for ultrasound in diagnosing KOA were 0.79,0.82,and 20.30,respectively,with area under the curve(AUC)was 0.89.In comparison,the pooled sensitivity,specificity,and DOR for MRI in diagnosing KOA were 0.88,0.85,and 42.35,respectively,with AUC of 0.92.Conclusion Ultrasound and MRI have good accuracy in the diagnosis of KOA,and MRI is superior to ultrasound.

Diabetic nephropathy(DN)is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus and a leading cause of end-stage renal diseases.In DN patients,key pathological mechanisms include proteinuria,glomerulo-sclerosis,and fibrosis,largely driven by poor glycemic control and oxidative stress caused by prolonged hyperglycemia.This stress damages renal podocytes and triggers inflammatory mesenchymal infiltration of renal tubular cells,exacerbating the progression of proteinuria and fibrosis.Human umbilical cord-de-rived mesenchymal stem cells(hUC-MSCs)offer promising potential for treating DN due to their strong anti-oxidative properties.In this study,we developed a DN mouse model and treated the mouse via tail vein injections of hUC-MSCs(1×106 cells/mouse).The results indicated that hUC-MSCs significantly lowered fasting blood glucose levels(22.5±3.0 vs 14.7±1.1,P＜0.01)and improved glucose toler-ance,as shown by intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test(IPGTT)results(P＜0.05).Additionally,the renal function improved in hUC-MSCs-treated mice,with marked reductions in oxidative stress markers,including blood urea nitrogen(BUN),urinary creatinine(Ucr),urinary protein(PRO),superoxide dismutase(SOD),and malondialdehyde(MDA)(P＜0.05).Histological analyses through hematoxy-lin-eosin(H&E),Periodic Acid-Schiff(PAS),and Sirius red staining demonstrated alleviation of glo-merular mesangial hyperplasia,glomerular hypertrophy,and tubular inflammation.Furthermore,hUC-MSCs treatment downregulated the expression of oxidative stress-related proteins,such as NADPH oxi-dase 4(NOX4)and thioredoxin-interacting protein(TXNIP),and reduced reactive oxygen species(ROS)production(P＜0.05).Meanwhile,human renal cortical proximal tubule epithelial cells(HK-2 cells)were selected for validation in vitro experiments using high glucose treatment followed by super-natants of hUC-MSCs(MSC-CM),and Western blotting showed that the expression of both NOX4 and TXNIP was inhibited(P＜0.05)and ROS expression was reduced.In conclusion,hUC-MSC treatment effectively lowered blood glucose levels and improved renal function in DN mice,likely through the sup-pression of NOX4 expression and TXNIP-mediated oxidative stress.

The scaphoid bone is one of the important bone of hand,which is frequently injured and difficult to treat in clinical practice.Therefore,it is very important to deeply study the microstructure and biomechanical characteristics of the scaphoid bone for understanding its injury mechanism and optimizing treatment scheme.Microcomputed tomography(micro-CT)provides high-resolution imaging of bone tissue,while finite element analysis can help to simulate the stress distribution and behavioral patterns of the scaphoid bone under various physiological and pathological states.The high-resolution three-dimensional image of the scaphoid bone obtained by micro-CT technology can be used to construct finite element models of real anatomical structure of the scaphoid bone,thus achieving accurate simulation of the mechanical properties of the scaphoid bone.The fusion of these two advanced technologies provides a new perspective for revealing the structural and functional relationships and injury mechanism of the scaphoid bone.Therefore,this paper reviews the anatomical characteristics of the scaphoid bone and its biomechanical behavior in different states,emphasizing the specific applications and advantages of micro-CT and finite element analysis techniques in the study of the scaphoid bone.By summarizing the research findings in recent years,this paper provides novel scientific basis and methods for the diagnosis,treatment,and prevention of scaphoid bone-related disorders.

Objective:To explore the effect of hospital-community continuous management based on mobile health and dyadic coping intervention in ileostomy patients and their spouses.Methods:This was a randomized controlled trial. Patients with rectal cancer who underwent ileostomy at Taizhou People′s Hospital between August 2018 and August 2023, along with their spouses, were enrolled. Patient-spouse dyads were randomly assigned to either the intervention group or the control group using a random number table method. Baseline demographic data were collected from both groups. The control group received routine care, whereas the intervention group was given a hospital-community transitional care program based on mHealth (mobile health) and a dyadic coping model. Stoma adaptation, family functioning, and dyadic coping capacity were evaluated at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months postoperatively. Sedentary behavior time and exercise compliance were also assessed at 1 month and 3 months after surgery.Results:A total of 47 patient-spouse dyads were included in the control group and 48 dyads in the intervention group. There were no statistically significant differences in baseline characteristics between the two groups (all P>0.05). Similarly, no significant differences were found in the age, sex or education level of the spouses (all P>0.05). At 1 week postoperatively, there were no significant differences in family cohesion and adaptability scores between the two groups (all P>0.05). However, at 1 and 3 months postoperatively, the intervention group had significantly higher family cohesion and adaptability scores than the control group (all P<0.05). With regard to dyadic coping capacity, no significant differences were observed in any of the subscale scores of the dyadic coping questionnaire at 1 week postoperatively (all P>0.05). At 1 and 3 months postoperatively, the intervention group scored significantly higher than the control group on stress communication, supportive coping, delegated coping, and joint coping ( P<0.05), but lower on negative coping ( P<0.05). In terms of stoma adaptation, no significant difference was found between the two groups at 1 week postoperatively ( P>0.05). At 1 and 3 months postoperatively, the intervention group showed significantly higher stoma adaptation and exercise compliance scores, as well as shorter sedentary behavior time, compared to the control group (all P<0.05). Conclusions:The hospital-community transitional care program developed by the research team effectively improves family functioning, dyadic coping capacity in ileostomy patient-spouse dyads, and postoperative stoma adaptation and rehabilitation outcomes.

Objective:To analyze the diagnostic value of IgG anti-A/anti-B antibody titer in the serum of type O pregnant women after absorption of IgG anti-AB antibody for ABO hemolytic disease of fetus and newborn (ABO-HDFN).Methods:From February 2020 to September 2020,235 samples of neonatal hemolytic disease whose mother's blood type O from Beijing Blood Center were selected.The titer of IgG anti-A/anti-B antibody in mother's serum before and after absorption of IgG anti-AB antibody was detected by microcolumn gel card,and the incidence of ABO-HDFN was statistically analyzed.The titer level of IgG anti-A/anti-B antibody and the incidence of ABO-HDFN were compared before and after the absorption of IgG anti-AB antibody,and the diagnostic efficacy of the titer level of IgG anti-A/anti-B antibody in the serum of type O pregnant women after the absorption of IgG anti-A and B antibodies on the incidence of ABO-HDFN was analyzed using the receiver's work characteristic (ROC)curve.Results:Of the 235 neonatal hyperbilirubinemia samples with maternal blood type O,127 were blood type A,38 of which were diagnosed as ABO-HDFN;108 were blood type B,of which 31 were diagnosed as ABO-HDFN.Before and after absorption of IgG anti-AB antibody,there was a significant difference in the titer of IgG anti-A/anti-B antibody (P<0.05).Among the 69 confirmed cases,the incidence of ABO-HDFN increased with the increase of IgG anti-A/anti-B antibody with or without the IgG anti-AB antibody,but the anti-A/anti-B antibody titer≥1:512 before the absorption of IgG anti-AB antibody,while the anti-A/anti-B antibody titer decreased significantly,decreasing by three titers,all≤1∶512.The ROC curve shows that the titers of IgG anti-A/anti-B antibodies before and after absorption of IgG anti-AB antibodies can be used as the efficacy indicators for the diagnosis of ABO-HDFN.However,there was a significant difference in the potency of IgG anti-A/anti-B antibody titer for the diagnosis of ABO-HDFN before and after the absorption of IgG anti-AB antibody (P<0.05).The AUC values were greater than before absorption,indicating that the IgG anti-A/anti-B antibody after the absorption of IgG anti-AB antibody was better than before absorption (P<0.05).Conclusion:The higher the titer of IgG anti-A/anti-B antibody measured after absorbing IgG anti-AB antibody,the higher the incidence of ABO-HDFN. In addition,the efficacy of IgG anti-A/anti-B antibody titer to diagnose ABO-HDFN after absorption of IgG anti-AB antibody is higher than that before absorption.