Transcranial temporal interference stimulation (tTIS) is a novel non-invasive neuromodulation technique with the potential to precisely target deep brain structures. This study explores the neural and behavioral effects of tTIS on the superior colliculus (SC), a region involved in eye movement control, in mice. Computational modeling revealed that tTIS delivers more focused stimulation to the SC than traditional transcranial alternating current stimulation. In vivo experiments, including Ca²⁺ signal recordings and eye movement tracking, showed that tTIS effectively modulates SC neural activity and induces eye movements. A significant correlation was found between stimulation frequency and saccade frequency, suggesting direct tTIS-induced modulation of SC activity. These results demonstrate the precision of tTIS in targeting deep brain regions and regulating eye movements, highlighting its potential for neuroscientific research and therapeutic applications.
Animals ; Superior Colliculi/physiology* ; Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation/methods* ; Eye Movements/physiology* ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL

Autism spectrum disorder(ASD),characterized by unknown etiology and high heterogeneity,ne-cessitates precise diagnostic and intervention strategies.Neuroimaging techniques have shown great promise in un-covering the neural mechanisms of ASD,providing a foundation for aided diagnosis and transcranial magnetic stim-ulation(TMS)interventions.This review highlights that integrating multimodal neuroimaging and developing indi-vidualized indices with developmental specificity can significantly improve the accuracy of ASD diagnosis and clas-sification.Furthermore,TMS interventions guided by functional connectivity derived from functional magnetic reso-nance imaging(fMRI)offer a personalized approach to ASD treatment.

Autism spectrum disorder(ASD),characterized by unknown etiology and high heterogeneity,ne-cessitates precise diagnostic and intervention strategies.Neuroimaging techniques have shown great promise in un-covering the neural mechanisms of ASD,providing a foundation for aided diagnosis and transcranial magnetic stim-ulation(TMS)interventions.This review highlights that integrating multimodal neuroimaging and developing indi-vidualized indices with developmental specificity can significantly improve the accuracy of ASD diagnosis and clas-sification.Furthermore,TMS interventions guided by functional connectivity derived from functional magnetic reso-nance imaging(fMRI)offer a personalized approach to ASD treatment.

Objective To develop and validate a fatigue risk nomogram model in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease(COPD)patients.Methods A prospective study design was adopted,and 430 COPD patients recruited from a tertiary A hospital in Huzhou City from January to December 2022 were conveniently selected for model construction,and 129 patients were recruited from the same hospital from January to June 2023 for external validation of the model.The general information questionnaire,Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index,2-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale,2-item Patient Health Questionnaire,modified British Medical Research Council Dyspnea Index,International Physical Activity Questionnaire,and Fatigue Severity Scale were used for questionnaire survey.The risk prediction model and nomograms model were constructed using Logistic regression analysis and R 4.3.2 software,and the area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to test the prediction effect of the model.Results Univariate and binary logistic regression analysis results showed that age(OR=1.095),gender(OR=2.077),dyspnea(OR=3.309),sleep quality(OR=1.979),anemia(OR=3.289),the number of acute exacerbation(OR=2.991)were independent influencing factors for fatigue in COPD patients.The internal evaluation and external validation results of the model showed that the areas under the curve are 0.912 and 0.844 respectively,and the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test P values were 0.806 and 0.526 respectively.The average absolute errors were 0.013 and 0.019 respectively.Conclusion The COPD fatigue risk prediction model constructed in this study has good prediction effect.The visual nomogram is intuitive,convenient and easy to operate.It can provide a tool for early screening of fatigue in COPD patients.

Objective:To explore the mediating effect of psychological resilience between structural empowerment and work engagement of clinical nurses.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional study. Using the convenient sampling method, a total of 1 723 nurses from three Class Ⅲ Grade A hospitals in Henan Province were selected as the research objects from March to May 2023. The survey was conducted using general information questionnaire, Conditions of Work Effectiveness Questionnaire-Ⅱ (CWEQ-Ⅱ), Nurses Psychological Resilience Scale and Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES). Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between structural empowerment, psychological resilience and job engagement. AMOS 24.0 software was used to establish the structural equation model and analyze the mediating effect.Results:A total of 1 723 questionnaires were sent out in this study, and 1 590 were effectively collected, with an effective recovery rate of 92.28%. The total scores of structural empowerment, psychological resilience and job engagement of 1 590 clinical nurses were (70.42±15.61), (96.84±13.15) and (62.24±11.02), respectively. Pearson correlation analysis showed that job engagement was positively correlated with structural empowerment and psychological resilience ( r=0.637, 0.670, P<0.01). The results of structural equation model showed that psychological resilience had a partial mediating effect between structural empowerment and job engagement. The mediating effect value was 0.321, accounting for 48.86% of the total effect. Conclusions:In this study, the structural empowerment, psychological resilience and job engagement of clinical nurses are above the medium level, and psychological resilience has a partial mediating effect between structural empowerment and job engagement. Nursing managers should fully empower nurses at the organizational level, take targeted measures to improve their psychological resilience and enhance their level of work engagement.

Objective:To develop the Clinical Nurse Extra Task Load Scale and test its reliability and validity.Methods:Based on the job demand-control model, a primary scale was formed through literature search and qualitative interviews, as well as Delphi consultation and pre-survey. In September 2023, 813 clinical nurses from First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University and Xinxiang Central Hospital were selected for reliability and validity testing. In October 2023, 1 050 clinical nurses from First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University and Xinxiang Central Hospital were selected for investigation, and the reliability and validity of the scale were tested.Results:The final Clinical Nurse Extra Task Load Scale included two dimensions and a total of 12 items. The item-level content validity index was 0.86 to 1.00, and the scale-level content validity index was 0.84. Exploratory factor analysis extracted two common factors, with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 74.55%. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that χ 2/ df was 1.613, GFI was 0.928, CFI was 0.971, NFI was 0.928, IFI was 0.971, and RMSEA was 0.024. Cronbach's α coefficient of the work environment demand dimension was 0.897, Cronbach's α coefficient of individual behavior restriction was 0.955, Cronbach's α coefficient of the total scale was 0.950, and the split-half reliability was 0.850. Conclusions:The Clinical Nurse Extra Task Load Scale developed has a good reliability and validity, and can be used to evaluate and quantify the extra task load for clinical nurses.

Dry eye,also known as keratoconjunctivitis sicca,is clinically manifested as dry eyes,itching,burning,blurred vision and other symptoms,which seriously affects the life quality of patients.In recent years,the incidence of dry eye has increased year by year,and it has become one of the common clinical diseases in ophthalmology.At present,the treatment methods of dry eye mainly include drug treatment,surgical treatment and clinical nursing,among which drug is the most commonly used method for the treatment of dry eye.Therefore,this paper summarizes the application and research progress of clinical medication of dry eye based on permeation pathways and inflammatory pathways in recent years,so as to provide some ideas for the follow-up treatment of dry eye and drug development.

Objective To understand the genotyping of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infected hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients in Yunnan Province, and to analyze the differences in viral load, biochemical indicators, and blood routine indicators among different genotypes, in order to provide a laboratory basis for the diagnosis and clinical treatment of HIV/HCV co-infected patients. Methods From November 2022 to June 2023, the serum samples and basic information of patients diagnosed with HIV/HCV co-infection were collected in the antiviral outpatient clinic of Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Infectious Diseases. The HCV viral load was detected by one-step qRT-PCR amplification, the positive samples were sequenced, and genotyping was determined based on NS5 gene sequence. The differences in biochemical and blood routine indexes between HIV patients co-infected with different HCV genotypes and low/high viral loads were analyzed. Results A total of 126 HIV/HCV co-infected patients were collected, including 20 HCV genotype 1 (15.9%), 91 HCV genotype 3 (72.2%), and 15 HCV genotype 6 (11.9%). The maximum and minimum viral load of the three HCV genotypes were as follows: HCV type 1 (1.0×108, 4.8×104 IU/mL), HCV type 3 (2.2×108, 2.9×102 IU/mL), and HCV type 6 (8.1×107, 6.8×104 IU/mL). The results showed that there was no significant difference between HIV co-infection with different genotypes of HCV and three HIV treatment schemes, including nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors+integrase strand transfer inhibitors (NRTIs+INSTIs), nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors+non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs+NNRTIs) and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors+protease inhibitor (NRTIs+PLs), and the viral load of patients (P>0.05). The analysis of biochemical indexes such as total bilirubin (TBIL), direct bilirubin (DBIL), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine (CREA), and blood routine indexes such as white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), platelet (PLT), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) among different HCV genotypes and low/high viral loads showed that there was no significant difference in biochemical indexes and blood routine indexes between low/high viral loads of HIV co-infected HCV patients (P>0.05); however, the biochemical indicators TBIL, IBIL and MCHC were significantly different statistically between patients with genotype 3 HCV infection and those with genotype 1 HCV infection (P<0.05), while other biochemical and blood routine indexes were not statistically different among different HCV genotypes (P>0.05). Conclusions There are six subtypes of HCV co-infection in HIV patients in Kunming, Yunnan Province, including three genes of genotype 1, 3, and 6. Among them, genotype 3 HCV is the main prevalent genetic virus among HIV co-infected populations. The TBIL, IBIL and MCHC values of HIV patients co-infected with HCV type 3 are different from those infected with HCV type 1.

Objective: To explore the expression of KIF20A (kinesin family member 20A) in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues and adjacent normal tissues, and to analyze the relationship between KIF20A expression level and clinicopathological factors in CRC patients. Meth-ods: Data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were used to analyze KIF20A mRNA expression in CRC tissues and adjacent normal tissues. A total of 105 paraffin samples were obtained from CRC patients who had undergone surgery at Huai He Hospital of Henan University, from January 2011 to December 2012. Immunohistochemical staining (IHC) was performed to examine KIF20A pro-tein expression in tumor samples for which complete clinical and pathological data were available. Statistical analyses were applied to analyze the association between KIF20A expression and the clinical data, as well as with survival outcomes. Results: Bioinformatics analysis showed that the mRNA expression level of KIF20A was upregulated in CRC tissues and normal tissues (P<0.001). IHC revealed significantly higher expression of KIF20A in CRC tissues from 67 patients (64%) and lower or undetectable expression in 38 patients (36%). The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Overexpression of KIF20A in CRC tissues was significantly associated with depth of invasion, lymphatic node metastasis, distant metastasis, and TNM stage (all P<0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that patients with high levels of KIF20A expression had poor prognosis compared to patients with low levels of KIF20A expression. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis revealed that KIF20A was an independent prognostic factor in patients with CRC. Conclusions:KIF20A is upregulated in CRC tissues and could serve as a novel prognostic biomarker for CRC patients.

Objective To investigate a new clinical classification of hepatolithiasis based on biliary anatomy and pathology in order to guide clinical decision-making.Methods The cases of hepatolithiasis admitted to our hospital from Mar 2015 to Aug 2018 were classified into six types and an additional type according to biliary anatomy,stone site and extent,liver pathological changes,and Oddi sphincter function.Results Of the214 cases of hepatolithiasis,5 cases (2.3％) were type Ⅰ;41 cases (19.2％) were type Ⅱ;76 cases (35.5％) were type Ⅲ;17 cases (7.9％) were type Ⅳ;29 cases (13.5％) were type Ⅴ;46 cases (21.5％) of type Ⅵ.The most common complication was incision infection (28 cases,13.1％),liver failure 0,and perioperative death 0.During the follow-up from 3 months to 3 years,there were 14cases of stone recurrence,the recurrence rate was 7.6％.Conclusion This classification scheme and the "individualized precise anatomical combined hepatectomy or segmental hepatectomy" based on this classification is safe and effective while enhancing the cure rate.