Objective To explore the differential diagnostic value of three-dimensional CT values in active pulmonary tuberculosis(APTB)and inactive pulmonary tuberculosis(IPTB).Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 96 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.According to whether the pulmonary tuberculosis lesions were active,the patients were divided into APTB group(n=61)and IPTB group(n=35).The baseline data,CT signs,and three-dimensional CT values were compared between two groups.Additionally,the results of three-dimensional CT values and conventional CT reading method in evaluating the activity of pulmonary tuberculosis were compared,and the accuracy,sensitivity and specificity of using three-dimensional CT values and conventional CT reading method to evaluate the activity of pulmonary tuberculosis were further analyzed.Results APTB group showed a higher incidence of bilateral pulmonary lesions than IPTB group(P<0.05).Compared with IPTB group,APTB group had higher proportions of blurred boundaries,parenchymal cavities,ground-glass opacities,and tree-in-bud signs(P<0.05),but lower proportions of parenchymal bronchiectasis,parenchymal calcifications,and fibrous strip shadows(P<0.05).The three-dimensional CT values in APTB group were lower than those in IPTB group(P<0.05).Significant differences were observed between conventional CT reading method and three-dimensional CT values in evaluating the activities of pulmonary parenchymal calcifications and thick-wall cavities(P<0.05).Specifically,three-dimensional CT values correctly identified 92 cases of tuberculosis lesions,including 59 cases of APTB and 33 cases of IPTB,and the remaining 4 misidentified lesions were calcified,consolidated and nodular lesions.Conventional CT reading method correctly identified 68 cases of tuberculosis lesions,including 43 cases of APTB and 25 cases of IPTB.The sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of three-dimensional CT values were all higher than those of conventional CT reading method(P<0.05).Conclusion Three-dimensional CT values can effectively determine the activity of pulmonary tuberculosis,exhibiting high sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy.

Objective:To explore the expression of T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing molecule 3 (Tim-3), mitotic arrest deficient 2-like protein 1 (MAD2L1), and microRNA-203a-3p (miR-203a-3p) in colorectal cancer tissues and their relationship with prognosis.Methods:The clinicopathological data of 113 patients with colorectal cancer who underwent radical surgery in Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University from Jan. 2021 to Dec. 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Both cancer tissues and adjacent tissues were collected postoperatively for the detection of Tim-3, MAD2L1, and miR-203a-3p. Patients were followed up for 3 years, and their prognosis was recorded and divided into a survival group (84 cases) and a death group (29 cases). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to investigate the factors influencing the prognosis of colorectal cancer patients. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to analyze the prognostic significance of Tim-3, MAD2L1, and miR-203a-3p expression.Results:The high expression rates of Tim-3 and MAD2L1 in colorectal cancer group were higher than those in adjacent tissues ( P < 0.05), while the expression of miR-203a-3p was lower than that in adjacent tissues ( P < 0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that the 3-year survival rate of patients with high expression of Tim-3 and MAD2L1 was lower than that of patients with low expression ( P < 0.05), while the 3-year survival rate of patients with high expression of miR-203a-3p was higher than that of patients with low expression of miR-203a-3p ( P < 0.05). Cox regression analysis showed that TNM stage III-IV, low differentiation of tissue grade, lymph node metastasis, high expression of Tim-3 and MAD2L1, and low expression of miR-203a-3p were risk factors for poor prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer ( P < 0.05) . Conclusions:Tim-3 and MAD2L1 are highly expressed in colorectal cancer tissues, while miR-203a-3p is lowly expressed. The above indicators are closely related to the poor prognosis of patients, and are expected to become potential biomarkers for prognosis evaluation of colorectal cancer patients.

Objective To explore the differential diagnostic value of three-dimensional CT values in active pulmonary tuberculosis(APTB)and inactive pulmonary tuberculosis(IPTB).Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 96 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.According to whether the pulmonary tuberculosis lesions were active,the patients were divided into APTB group(n=61)and IPTB group(n=35).The baseline data,CT signs,and three-dimensional CT values were compared between two groups.Additionally,the results of three-dimensional CT values and conventional CT reading method in evaluating the activity of pulmonary tuberculosis were compared,and the accuracy,sensitivity and specificity of using three-dimensional CT values and conventional CT reading method to evaluate the activity of pulmonary tuberculosis were further analyzed.Results APTB group showed a higher incidence of bilateral pulmonary lesions than IPTB group(P<0.05).Compared with IPTB group,APTB group had higher proportions of blurred boundaries,parenchymal cavities,ground-glass opacities,and tree-in-bud signs(P<0.05),but lower proportions of parenchymal bronchiectasis,parenchymal calcifications,and fibrous strip shadows(P<0.05).The three-dimensional CT values in APTB group were lower than those in IPTB group(P<0.05).Significant differences were observed between conventional CT reading method and three-dimensional CT values in evaluating the activities of pulmonary parenchymal calcifications and thick-wall cavities(P<0.05).Specifically,three-dimensional CT values correctly identified 92 cases of tuberculosis lesions,including 59 cases of APTB and 33 cases of IPTB,and the remaining 4 misidentified lesions were calcified,consolidated and nodular lesions.Conventional CT reading method correctly identified 68 cases of tuberculosis lesions,including 43 cases of APTB and 25 cases of IPTB.The sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of three-dimensional CT values were all higher than those of conventional CT reading method(P<0.05).Conclusion Three-dimensional CT values can effectively determine the activity of pulmonary tuberculosis,exhibiting high sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy.

Objective:To explore the expression of T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing molecule 3 (Tim-3), mitotic arrest deficient 2-like protein 1 (MAD2L1), and microRNA-203a-3p (miR-203a-3p) in colorectal cancer tissues and their relationship with prognosis.Methods:The clinicopathological data of 113 patients with colorectal cancer who underwent radical surgery in Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University from Jan. 2021 to Dec. 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Both cancer tissues and adjacent tissues were collected postoperatively for the detection of Tim-3, MAD2L1, and miR-203a-3p. Patients were followed up for 3 years, and their prognosis was recorded and divided into a survival group (84 cases) and a death group (29 cases). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to investigate the factors influencing the prognosis of colorectal cancer patients. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to analyze the prognostic significance of Tim-3, MAD2L1, and miR-203a-3p expression.Results:The high expression rates of Tim-3 and MAD2L1 in colorectal cancer group were higher than those in adjacent tissues ( P < 0.05), while the expression of miR-203a-3p was lower than that in adjacent tissues ( P < 0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that the 3-year survival rate of patients with high expression of Tim-3 and MAD2L1 was lower than that of patients with low expression ( P < 0.05), while the 3-year survival rate of patients with high expression of miR-203a-3p was higher than that of patients with low expression of miR-203a-3p ( P < 0.05). Cox regression analysis showed that TNM stage III-IV, low differentiation of tissue grade, lymph node metastasis, high expression of Tim-3 and MAD2L1, and low expression of miR-203a-3p were risk factors for poor prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer ( P < 0.05) . Conclusions:Tim-3 and MAD2L1 are highly expressed in colorectal cancer tissues, while miR-203a-3p is lowly expressed. The above indicators are closely related to the poor prognosis of patients, and are expected to become potential biomarkers for prognosis evaluation of colorectal cancer patients.

Objective To study the intratumor heterogeneity of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma ( ESCC) . Methods We used whole?exome sequencing and array?based comparative genomic hybridization to profile mutations and changes in copy number from 11 regions within 2 cases of ESCC and from the metastatic lymph nodes. Results The numbers of somatic single nuclear polymorphisms ( SNPs ) in 4 regions within the tumors in case 1 and case 2 were 93±17 and 124±28, respectively. The majority of SNPs were non synonymous mutations, synonymous mutations, nonsense mutations and splicing junction mutations. The average indels in the 4 tumor regions of case 1 and case 2 were 40 ± 6 and 51 ± 3, respectively. These small indels mainly occurred in exonic ( frame?shift and non?frame?shift ) , untranslational regions of genes and splicing junction regions. All regions from a tumor exhibitedo bvious heterogeneity, and mutational similarity of all four regions within a tumor was less than 25%. Furthermore, gene copy number alteration ( gain or loss) varied among multiple regions of a tumor, and the similarity of gene copy number was less than 20%. Phylogenetic analysis of the somatic mutation frequency suggests that multiple, genomic heterogeneous clones co?exist within a primary ESCC, and metastatic subclones may evolve from the primary non?metastatic parental clone. These results indicated that a single?region sampling can not reflect the architecture of the genomic landscape of mutations in ESCC tumors. Conclusions Sequence analysis of whole genome exon in multiple regions can provide strong evidence for genomic heterogeneity in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Objective To observe effects and mechanism of electroacupuncture (EA) on denervated skeletal muscle atrophy. Methods Forty-nine male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal group (group A, n=7), natural recovery group (group B, n=21) and EA group (group C, n=21). The groups B and C, established the model of denervated skeletal muscle atrophy by transecting the sciatic nerve of rats, were divided into subgroups of 7 days, 14 days, 21 days postoperation, seven in each subgroup. Electroacupuncture was given to the group C at Zusanli (ST36) and Chengshan (BL57) once a day since 24 hours after modeling. The muscle wet weight ratio of the affected gastrocnemius was determined. Cross-sectional area and fiber diameter of the gastrocnemius were measured with HE staining. The expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), Myostatin and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) protein and gene in the gastrocnemius were detected with Western blotting and RT-PCR. Results The wet weight ratio, cross-sectional area and fiber diameter were less in the groups B and C than in the group A (P<0.001), and they were more in the group C than in the group B (P<0.001). Compared with the group B, the protein and gene of IGF-1, PCNA increased in the group C (P<0.05), while the Myostatin decreased (P<0.05). Conclusion Electroacupuncture can increase the expression of IGF-1 and decrease the expression of Myostatin, to promote the proliferation of satellite cell, which may relate with the prevention of denervated skeletal muscle atrophy.

Objective To study the intratumor heterogeneity of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma ( ESCC) . Methods We used whole?exome sequencing and array?based comparative genomic hybridization to profile mutations and changes in copy number from 11 regions within 2 cases of ESCC and from the metastatic lymph nodes. Results The numbers of somatic single nuclear polymorphisms ( SNPs ) in 4 regions within the tumors in case 1 and case 2 were 93±17 and 124±28, respectively. The majority of SNPs were non synonymous mutations, synonymous mutations, nonsense mutations and splicing junction mutations. The average indels in the 4 tumor regions of case 1 and case 2 were 40 ± 6 and 51 ± 3, respectively. These small indels mainly occurred in exonic ( frame?shift and non?frame?shift ) , untranslational regions of genes and splicing junction regions. All regions from a tumor exhibitedo bvious heterogeneity, and mutational similarity of all four regions within a tumor was less than 25%. Furthermore, gene copy number alteration ( gain or loss) varied among multiple regions of a tumor, and the similarity of gene copy number was less than 20%. Phylogenetic analysis of the somatic mutation frequency suggests that multiple, genomic heterogeneous clones co?exist within a primary ESCC, and metastatic subclones may evolve from the primary non?metastatic parental clone. These results indicated that a single?region sampling can not reflect the architecture of the genomic landscape of mutations in ESCC tumors. Conclusions Sequence analysis of whole genome exon in multiple regions can provide strong evidence for genomic heterogeneity in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.