BackgroundPatients with schizophrenia experience low quality of life， and internalized stigma is considered an important indicator for quality of life， while the mediating role of self-esteem and severity of negative symptoms in the relationship between internalized stigma and quality of life remains underexplored. ObjectiveTo examine the mediating role of self-esteem and severity of negative symptoms in the relationship between internalized stigma and quality of life， so as to provide references for improving their quality of life. MethodsA total of 342 patients with schizophrenia who were hospitalized in 6 hospitals in Xiangyang City， Siping City and Changchun City from April to September 2023 were included， and all of whom met the diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia according to the International Classification of Diseases， tenth edition （ICD-10）. Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale （ISMI）， Schizophrenia Quality of Life Scale （SQLS）， Self-Esteem Scale （SES） and negative symptom subscale of Positive and Negative Symptom Scale （PANSS） were administered to all patients. Spearman correlation analysis was adopted to determine correlations between the different scales. A structural equation modeling was constructed using Amos 28.0， and Bootstrap method was employed to verify the mediating effect of self-esteem and negative symptom severity in the association between internalized stigma and quality of life. ResultsA total of 309 patients （90.35%） completed questionnaires in this study. The ISMI score of schizophrenia patients was positively correlated with both SQLS score and the PANSS negative symptom subscale score （r=0.612， 0.492， P<0.01）， while was negatively correlated with SES score （r=-0.513， P<0.01）. The SQLS score was negatively associated with the SES score （r=-0.555， P<0.01） and positively associated with PANSS negative symptom subscale score （r=0.672， P<0.01）. The SES score was negatively correlated with PANSS negative symptom subscale score （r=-0.433， P<0.01）.The total effect value of internalized stigma on quality of life was 0.746 （95% CI： 0.680~0.806）. Self-esteem and severity of negative symptoms independently mediated the relationship between internalized stigma and quality of life， and the indirect effect values were 0.151 （95% CI： 0.062~0.254） and 0.126 （95% CI： 0.047~0.205）， accounting for 20.24% and 16.89% of the total effect， respectively. In addition， a chained mediation effect of self-esteem and quality of life was also demonstrated， the indirect effect value was 0.102 （95% CI： 0.049~0.165）， accounting for 13.67% of the total effect）. ConclusionInternalized stigma in patients with schizophrenia patients can not only directly affect the quality of life， but also indirectly affect the quality of life of patients through either separate or chained mediation of self-esteem and the severity of negative symptoms. ［Funded by Hubei Provincial Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project （number， S202410519027）］

Objective To explore the effect and preliminary mechanism of the plant-derived immunostimulatory molecule,ophiopogonin,on enhancing the immune response of a subunit vaccine with the receptor-binding domain(RBD)of coronavirus spike protein as the antigen.Methods CCK-8 assay was used to determine the cytotoxicity of ophiopogonin D'(OPD')on bone marrow-derived dendritic cells(BMDCs).Female Balb/c mice were randomly divided into RBD,RBD/OPD',RBD/Alum,and control groups.The immunization dose was 5 μg of antigen per mouse and 100 μg of adjuvant per mouse,and immunization was carried out according to the intramuscular injection immunization procedure on days 0,21,and 42.The titers of specific IgG and its subtype antibodies were detected by ELISA.The cytokine levels in the supernatant of splenocytes were detected using ELISA.The number of splenocytes secreting IFN-γ was detected by ELISpot.Laser confocal microscopy was employed to observe the uptake of antigen by BMDCs.The phagocytic ability of BMDCs for antigen was quantitatively analyzed by flow cytometry.The mechanism of its enhanced immune effect was preliminarily explored using transcriptomics technology combined with bioinformatics research.Results When the concentration of OPD'was less than 5 μg/mL,the survival rate of BMDCs was 100%.After a single intramuscular injection in mice,except for a slight decrease in body weight,the other biochemical indicators were within corresponding normal ranges.After intramuscular injection immunization of the vaccine,the titers of serum-specific IgG,IgG1,and IgG2a in the RBD/OPD'group were significantly higher than those in the RBD group(P<0.05).Compared with the RBD group,the RBD/OPD'group induced a high-level Th1 cell immune response of IL-1β,TNF-α,and IFN-γ(P<0.01)and had more lymphocytes secreting IFN-γ(P<0.001).Laser confocal microscopy displayed that BMDCs took up more antigens after OPD'treatment,which was further confirmed with flow cytometry in quantitative analysis on antigen uptake rate(P<0.01).Transcriptomics results indicated that there was more significant enrichment of the PPAR signaling pathway in the RBD/OPD'group than the RBD group,suggesting that OPD'may activate the PPAR signaling pathway to exert its adjuvant effect.Conclusion OPD'effectively enhances the immune response of the RBD subunit vaccine,and its action mechanism may be related to the activation of the PPAR signaling pathway.

Objective To establish a mouse model of infection with the minimum lethal dose of Vibrio vulnificus(V.vulnificus)and to evaluate the protective efficacy of inactivated whole-cell(IWC)vaccine using this model.Methods A mouse model of lethal-dose infection was established by intraperitoneal injection of different doses of V.vulnificus.Bacterial colonization in the organs was detected with tissue homogenate plating,and pathological changes in the organs were observed after tissue section staining.Flow cytometry was used to detect immune cell responses after liver tissues were digested into single-cell suspension.IWC vaccine of V.vulnificus was prepared,and the mice were immunized through different routes to observe the protective efficacy of the vaccine.Results A mouse model of infection with the minimum lethal dose at 1×106 CFU of V.vulnificus was successfully established.After infection,the bacteria were mainly colonized in the liver of mice and caused severe pathological damages.Compared with the uninfected mice,the proportion of neutrophils in the liver was significantly increased in the infected mice,whereas the proportions of B cells and T cells were correspondingly decreased(P<0.05).A single intramuscular or intraperitoneal injection of the IWC vaccine could protect the mice effectively against lethal infection of V.vulnificus in 7 d later(P<0.01),although the level of serum IgG having no significant increase.Conclusion A mouse model of lethal-dose infection with V.vulnificus is successfully established,with histopathological characteristics.The IWC vaccine of V.vulnificus rapidly mediates immune protection in this model probably independent of IgG.

ObjectiveTo quantitatively investigate the changes in the total volume and contour density of hepatic oval cells （HOC） in hepatic lobules of rats with carbon tetrachloride （CCl₄）-induced hepatic fibrosis. MethodsA total of 11 healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group with 5 rats and hepatic fibrosis group with 6 rats， and CCl₄ and olive oil suspension were injected subcutaneously twice a week， 3 mL/kg each time. After five weeks of hepatic fibrosis modeling， five liver tissue blocks with a size of about 1 mm³ were randomly selected from the liver of each rat to prepare one Epon812 epoxy resin-embedded ultrathin section， and the stereological method and transmission electron microscopy were used for the quantitative analysis of the total volume and contour density of HOC in the hepatic lobules of rats. In addition， four liver tissue blocks with a thickness of 2 mm were randomly selected from the remaining liver of each rat to prepare two paraffin-embedded Masson staining sections， and the degree of liver fibrosis in each rat was qualitatively evaluated according to the Metavir staging criteria for liver fibrosis. The independent-samples t test was used for comparison of continuous data between groups. ResultsThe quantitative stereological analysis showed that the total volume of HOC in hepatic lobules was 15.40±7.63 mm³ in the control group and 146.80±114.00 mm³ in the liver fibrosis group， and compared with the control group， the total volume of HOC in hepatic lobules of rats in the liver fibrosis group was significantly increased by 8.53 times （t=-2.551， P=0.031）； the contour density of HOC in hepatic lobules was 56.20±40.40 in the control group and 566.50±317.00 in the liver fibrosis group， and compared with the control group， the contour density of HOC in hepatic lobules of rats in the liver fibrosis group was significantly increased by 9.08 times （t=-3.539， P=0.006）. Qualitative observation showed that liver fibrosis stage of rats reached stage Ⅱ-Ⅲ according to the Metavir scoring criteria， and massive proliferation of HOC was observed around the proliferation site of hepatic stellate cells in the perisinusoidal space of rats. ConclusionCCl₄ induces significant proliferation of HOC in hepatic lobules of rats with liver fibrosis.

Objective To study the effect of Yiqihuoxue Paishiyin combined with levofloxacin on renal calculus and inflammatory state. Methods 76 patients with kidney stones in our hospital from February 2015 to September 2016 were selected as the study object,and they were divided into control group 38 cases and observation group 38 cases by the method of random number table,then the control group were treated with levofloxacin, the observation group were treated with supplementing qi,promoting blood circulation and removing stones combined with levofloxacin,then the clinical effective rates,serum fever and pain related inflammatory factors before and after the treatment of two groups were analyzed .Results The total effective rates of observation group with different stone diameters and stone locations were all higher than those of control group,the serum fever and pain related inflammatory factors at different time after the treatment were all lower than those of control group , the differences were all significant ( P <0.05 ) . Conclusion Yiqihuoxue Paishiyin combined with levofloxacin treatment of kidney stones in patients with significant effect , can effectively control the body's inflammatory state, improve the level of inflammatory factors.

Purpose 18F-FDG PET/CT,pathological and immunohistochemical analysis are adopted to explore the value of PET/CT in the early-stage calcification examination of atherosclerosis in rabbits and effects of Pioglitazone in treating early-stage calcification.Material and Methods Sixteen New Zealand male rabbits were randomly divided into two groups:Pioglitazone group and control group,witheight rabbits in each group.Atherosclerosis model was established.Rabbits in Pioglitazone group received gavage with Pioglitazone and were raised with high-fat diet for 20 weeks.Blood was drawn to exam high sensitivity C-reactive protein and matrix metalloproteinase-9.PET/CT was used to measure mean standardized uptake value (SUVmean) and maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax).Rabbit aorta received immunohistochemical,the plaque area,density of macrophage,percentage of calcification area and apoptosis index between the two groups were determined and compared.Results On 20 week,high sensitivity C-reactive protein in Pioglitazone group (4.27±0.43 vs.6.51 ±0.91,P＜0.01),matrix metalloproteinase-9 (41.52± 1.99 vs.62.21 ±3.60,P＜0.05),SUVmean (0.55±0.18 vs.0.68±0.21,P＜0.01)and SUVmax (0.70±0.19 vs.0.82±0.30,P＜0.05) were obviously lower than those in control group.Plaque area,density of macrophage,percentage of calcification area and apoptosis index in control group were obviously higher than those in Pioglitazone group.Plaque area of related artery section was positively correlated with SUVmean (r=0.28,P＜0.01) and SUVmax (r=0.25,P＜0.05).Density of macrophage was positively correlated with SUVmean (r=0.50,P＜0.01) and SUVmax (r=0.46,P＜0.01).Percentage of calcification area was positively correlated with SUVmean (r=0.50,P＜0.01) and SUVmax (r=0.47,P＜0.01).Apoptosis index was positively correlated with SUVmean (r=0.61,P＜0.01)and SUVmax (r=0.60,P＜0.01).Conclusion Inflammation and macrophage apoptosis are of great importance in the early-stage of atherosclerosis.18F-FDG PET/CT imaging can be used to assess minor calcification.Pioglitazone can reduce inflammatory level of atherosclerosis of the experimented animals,inhibiting early-stage calcification.

BACKGROUND:Simple spinal decompression for lumbar degeneration-induced lumbar scoliosis spinal stenosis is difficult to obtain long-term efficacy. Because simple decompression is considered an iatrogenic lumbar instability, and can aggravate lumbar deformity. Posterior lumbar pedicle screw fixation combined with decompression and fusion obtained good curative effects in patients.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the clinical efficacy of posterior decompression, internal fixation, and bone graft fusion with posterior pedicle screw system in the treatment of degenerative lumbar scoliosis with stenosis.
METHODA retrospective analysis was performed in 18 patients with degenerative lumbar scoliosis with stenosis who received surgical treatment from February 2009 to November 2012. These patients consisted of 6 males and 12 females, with a mean age of 62.2 years (range, 48-80 years). They had lumbar scoliosis with a mean Cobb angle of 28.6° and underwent posterior decompression, internal fixation, and bone graft fusion.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Al the 18 patients achieved satisfactory fol ow-up. The mean fol ow-up was 22 months. Al patients were satisfied with treatment outcomes and had improved quality of life. The mean correction angle was 13.7° (range, 6.0°-28.4°) after operation. There was no failure of internal fixation, and no infected cases were found. These data inducated that posterior decompression, internal fixation, and bone graft fusion is one of the effective methods for treating degenerative lumbar scoliosis with stenosis.

BACKGROUNDHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection could lead to most gastroduodenal diseases and is even identified as a carcinogen of gastric cancer. Total alkaloids of sophora alopecuroides (TASA) is widely used in herbal remedies to treat various infectious diseases, including stomach-associated diseases. This study is aimed at evaluating the antimicrobial activity of TASA on H. pylori-infected BALB/c mice mouse gastritis.

METHODSTotally 120 BALB/c mice were orally inoculated with H. pylori Bacterial liquid to construct BALB/c mice H. pylori infection gastritis animal model, after the model was successfully created. We randomly assigned 100 infected mice into 10 treatment groups, the first group (normal saline); the second group (bismuth pectin); the third group (omeprazole); the fourth group (TASA 2 mg/d); the fifth group (TASA 4 mg/d); the sixth group (TASA 5 mg/d); the seventh group (TASA + bismuth pectin); the eighth group (TASA + omeprazole); the ninth group (bismuth pectin + clarithromycin + metronidazole); the tenth group (omeprazole + clarithromycin + metronidazole), 5 other non-infected mice as negative control. Mice were orally inoculated twice a day and 7 days continuously. Then the mice were killed 4 weeks after treatment, we used realtime PCR to detect 16sDNA of H. pylori to test both the colonization and the clearance mice of bacteria of each treatment. We applied hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and immunostaining of mice gastric mucosa to observe the general inflammation and related factors interleukin 8 (IL-8), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) expression change after treatments.

RESULTSFirstly, we ensured that after 6-week intragastric administration, the bacteria colonization reached an exceed peak which is far higher than positive threshold (P < 0.001); secondly, after treatments, it is revealed that TASA combined with omeprazole or bismuth pectin showed promising antimicrobial activity against H. pylori as well as conventional triple therapy (P < 0.001); thirdly, HE staining showed that the inflammation on mice gastric mucosal membrane were also relieved obviously in TASA combined treatments and conventional triple therapy compared with normal saline treated mice, moreover, from immunohistochemistry results, H. pylori-induced IL-8, COX-2, and NF-κB were consistently suppressed in seventh, eighth, ninth, and tenth group to a certain extent.

CONCLUSIONThese results open the possibility of taking TASA as an anti-inflammatory agent for H. pylori gastritis.

Alkaloids ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; metabolism ; Female ; Helicobacter Infections ; drug therapy ; Helicobacter pylori ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Immunohistochemistry ; Interleukin-8 ; metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Omeprazole ; therapeutic use ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sophora ; chemistry

OBJECTIVE: To study our experiences in anatomy of marginal mandibular branch of facial never in partial parotidectomy. METHOD: Thirty-eight cases receiving partial parotidectomy were analyzed retrospectively, and marginal mandibular branch of facial nerve were separated in all cases. RESULT: Temporary facial paralysis appeared in 2 cases and Frey's syndrome appeared in 2 cases. There was no patient appeared the recurrence in the 1-3 years followed up time. CONCLUSION Partial parotidectomy with anatomy of marginal mandibular branch of facial nerve is a safe, effective and minimally invasive therapeutic method for benign tumor on parotid gland (<5 cm).
Face ; Facial Nerve ; anatomy & histology ; Facial Paralysis ; Humans ; Mandible ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Parotid Gland ; Parotid Neoplasms ; surgery ; Postoperative Complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Sweating, Gustatory

Objective To investigate the characteristics of IL-22 in Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori)infection.Methods Thirty H.pyloripositive and fifteen H.pylori negative gastric biopsy specimens were enrolled,IL-22 mRNA expression was detected by real-time PCR and the protein level of IL-22 was determined by ELISA in gastric tissue.The H.pyloriand cell coculture system was established and IL-22 expression was measured by real-time PCR to investigate the main source of IL-22 in gastric tissue.The IL-22-producing T cell was examined by FCM in the gastric mucosa tissue.Results Gastric mucosal IL-22 mRNA and protein levels were significantly higher in H.pylori-positive patients than uninfected patients (P＜0.05).A H.pyloriand cell coculture system was established successfully and gastric epithelial cell and T cell were the main source of IL-22 in gastric tissue.IL-22 was produced by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and these T cells were increased in H.pylori-infected gastric mucosa (P＜0.05).Conclusion IL-22 took part in H.pyloriinfection induced immune response and increased IL-22-producing T cells was the important feature of H.pyloriinfection.