OBJECTIVE To summarize the current situation of pharmaceutical clinic service in our hospital over the past five years， and explore sustainable development strategies for service models of pharmaceutical clinics. METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted on the consultation records of patients who registered and established files at the pharmaceutical clinic in our hospital from January 2019 to December 2023. Statistical analysis was performed on patients’ general information， medication- related problems， and types of pharmaceutical services provided by pharmacists. RESULTS A total of 963 consultation records were included， among which females aged 20-39 years accounted for the highest proportion （66.04%）； obstetrics and gynecology- related consultations accounted for the largest number of cases. Additionally， 80 patients attended follow-up visits at our hospital’s pharmaceutical clinic. A total of 1 029 medication-related issues were resolved， including 538 cases of drug consultations （52.28%）， 453 medication recommendations （44.02%）， 22 medication restructuring（2.14%）， and 16 medication education （1.55%）； the most common types of medication-related problems identified were adverse drug events（70.07%）. CONCLUSIONS Although the pharmaceutical clinic has achieved recognition from clinicians and patients， challenges such as low awareness among healthcare providers and the public persist. Future efforts should focus on strengthening information technology construction， enhancing pharmacist training， and establishing various forms of outpatient pharmaceutical service models.

OBJECTIVES: The major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related gene A (MICA), a component of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) gene complex, is involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases including cancers and autoimmune disorders. Rosacea, a chronic inflammatory skin disease with a complex pathogenesis, potentially influenced by genetic and autoimmune factors. This study aims to investigate the relationship among MICA gene polymorphisms, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and susceptibility to rosacea, thereby offering new insights into the disease mechanism. METHODS: Peripheral blood DNA samples were collected from 84 patients with rosacea (rosacea group) and 223 healthy volunteers (control group) who visited the Dermatology Outpatient Department of Xiangya Hospital of Central South University between November 2017 and November 2019. MICA genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction-sequencing-based typing (PCR-SBT) and the next-generation sequencing (NGS), and the accuracy of the 2 methods was compared. The frequency distributions of MICA alleles between the 2 groups were analyzed. Amino acid clustering and SNP site analyses were conducted to identify haplotype-linked SNPs and to classify MICA polymorphic variants. Distribution differences of these classifications between groups were also examined. RESULTS: Blood tests in rosacea patients showed mildly elevated, with no significant changes in lymphocyte counts. Both PCR-SBT and NGS accurately identified MICA alleles. The most common alleles in the rosacea group were MICA*010:01, MICA*008:04, and MICA*019:01. The frequencies of MICA*002:01 and MICA*027 were significantly lower in the rosacea group compared to controls (6.55% vs 18.16% and 1.19% vs 5.38%, respectively), while and MICA*010:01 were significantly higher (7.74% vs 3.36% and 31.55% vs 18.61%, respectively; all P<0.05). Five short tandem repeat (STR) alleles were identified. Frequencies of MICA-A4 and MICA-A9 were lower in the rosacea group than in the control group (16.07% vs 23.32% and 7.74% vs 17.26%, respectively), whereas MICA-A6 was higher (10.12% vs 4.03%; all P<0.05). Clustering and SNP analysis identified 6 linked SNP sites, classifying MICA variants into Type I (C₃₆+M₁₂₉+K₁₇₃+G₂₀₆+W₂₁₀+S₂₁₅) and Type II (Y₃₆+V₁₂₉+E₁₇₃+S₂₀₆+R₂₁₀+T₂₁₅). Type I MICA variants were significantly associated with rosacea susceptibility. CONCLUSIONS MICA gene polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to rosacea, and there are 6 linked SNP sites within the MICA gene. Based on this, MICA polymorphic variants are classified into Type I and Type II, with Type I being more closely associated with disease development of rosacea.
Humans ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/genetics* ; Rosacea/genetics* ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics* ; Female ; Male ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Genotype ; Alleles ; Gene Frequency ; Haplotypes ; Case-Control Studies ; Aged ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing

Oligodendrocyte lineage cells, including oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) and oligodendrocytes (OLs), are essential in establishing and maintaining brain circuits. Autophagy is a conserved process that keeps the quality of organelles and proteostasis. The role of autophagy in oligodendrocyte lineage cells remains unclear. The present study shows that autophagy is required to maintain the number of OPCs/OLs and myelin integrity during brain aging. Inactivation of autophagy in oligodendrocyte lineage cells increases the number of OPCs/OLs in the developing brain while exaggerating the loss of OPCs/OLs with brain aging. Inactivation of autophagy in oligodendrocyte lineage cells impairs the turnover of myelin basic protein (MBP). It causes MBP to accumulate in the cytoplasm as multimeric aggregates and fails to be incorporated into integral myelin, which is associated with attenuated endocytic recycling. Inactivation of autophagy in oligodendrocyte lineage cells impairs myelin integrity and causes demyelination. Thus, this study shows autophagy is required to maintain myelin quality during aging by controlling the turnover of myelin components.
Animals ; Autophagy/physiology* ; Oligodendroglia/metabolism* ; Myelin Sheath/physiology* ; Aging/pathology* ; Myelin Basic Protein/metabolism* ; Cell Lineage/physiology* ; Mice ; Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Brain/cytology* ; Cells, Cultured ; Cell Count

Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is a naturally occurring, low-toxicity, and hydrophilic bile acid (BA) in the human body that is converted by intestinal flora using primary BA. Solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) functions to uptake extracellular cystine in exchange for glutamate, and is highly expressed in a variety of human cancers. Retroperitoneal liposarcoma (RLPS) refers to liposarcoma originating from the retroperitoneal area. Lipidomics analysis revealed that UDCA was one of the most significantly downregulated metabolites in sera of RLPS patients compared with healthy subjects. The augmentation of UDCA concentration (≥25 μg/mL) demonstrated a suppressive effect on the proliferation of liposarcoma cells. [¹⁵N₂]-cystine and [¹³C₅]-glutamine isotope tracing revealed that UDCA impairs cystine uptake and glutathione (GSH) synthesis. Mechanistically, UDCA binds to the cystine transporter SLC7A11 to inhibit cystine uptake and impair GSH de novo synthesis, leading to reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and mitochondrial oxidative damage. Furthermore, UDCA can promote the anti-cancer effects of ferroptosis inducers (Erastin, RSL3), the murine double minute 2 (MDM2) inhibitors (Nutlin 3a, RG7112), cyclin dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) inhibitor (Abemaciclib), and glutaminase inhibitor (CB839). Together, UDCA functions as a cystine exchange factor that binds to SLC7A11 for antitumor activity, and SLC7A11 is not only a new transporter for BA but also a clinically applicable target for UDCA. More importantly, in combination with other antitumor chemotherapy or physiotherapy treatments, UDCA may provide effective and promising treatment strategies for RLPS or other types of tumors in a ROS-dependent manner.

Objective To compare the clinical curative effect of retroauricular and tympanic injection of methylprednisolone sodium succinate combined with hyperbaric oxygen in nerve deafness.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the case data with nerve deafness.According to cohort method,they were divided into retroauricular injection group(retroauricular injection of 40 mg methylprednisolone sodium succinate+hyperbaric oxygen therapy)and tympanic injection group(tympanic injection of 40 mg methylprednisolone sodium succinate+hyperbaric oxygen therapy).Both groups were treated for 7 times(once every other day).The curative effect,pure tone hearing threshold,oxidative stress and inflammatory response indexes were compared between the two groups,and adverse reactions were statistically analyzed.Results There were 56 cases in retroauricular injection group and 60 cases in tympanic injection group.There was no significant difference in total response rate between retroauricular injection group and tympanic injection group(92.86％vs 88.33％,P＞0.05).After treatment,average pure tone hearing thresholds in retroauricular injection group and tympanic injection group were(38.49±5.71)and(40.35±6.23)dB;high-frequency hearing thresholds were(61.36±6.52)and(63.42±7.09)dB;low-frequency hearing thresholds were(59.72±6.85)and(60.81±7.26)dB;levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD)were(112.38±10.72)and(110.43±10.29)U·mL-1;levels of lipid peroxide(LPO)were(4.69±1.08)and(5.03±1.12)nmol·mL-1;endothelin(ET)levels were(2.11±0.76)and(2.34±0.81)ng·L-1;interleukin-6(IL-6)levels were(31.79±4.27)and(33.18±4.98)pg·mL-1;levels of C-reactive protein(CRP)were(5.25±1.48)and(5.72±1.62)mg·L-1;levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)were(45.33±4.61)and(46.95±5.24)ng·L-;the difference was not statistically significant(all P＞0.05).During treatment,there were significant differences in total incidence of adverse reactions between retroauricular injection group and tympanic injection group(23.21％vs 51.67％,P＜0.05).There were 11 case times of local pain and 4 case times of vertigo in retroauricular injection group,while there were 30 case times of local pain and 15 case times of vertigo in tympanic injection group.Conclusion Retroauricular injection or tympanic injection of methylprednisolone sodium succinate combined with hyperbaric oxygen therapy has the comparable curative effect in patients with nerve deafness;the two administration modes both can promote hearing recovery,relieve reduce oxidative stress and inflammatory response.However,retroauricular injection has lower incidence of local pain and vertigo.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.

AIM To investigate the protective effects of Didang Decoction-containing serum on rat glomerular endothelial cells(RGECs)following high glucose injury.METHODS Rats were given distilled water or Didang Decoction by gavage to prepare the blank serum or Didang Decoction-containing serum.CCK8 method was used to screen the glucose concentration for the modeling and serum concentration of the drug.The RGECs were divided into the blank group,the model group,Didang Decoction group(10%Didang Decoction medicated serum),Dapagliflozin group(normal serum+2 μmol/L Dapagliflozin)and Didang Decoction+Dapagliflozin group(10%Didang Decoction medicated serum+2 μmol/L Dapagliflozin).24 hrs after the drug treatment,the RGECs had their mRNA and protein expressions of Nrf2,HO-1 and NQO-1 detected by RT-qPCR method and Western blot method;their Nrf2 fluorescence expression detected by immunofluorescence method;and their SOD activity and MDA level detected by colorimetric method.RESULTS Compared with the blank group,the model group displayed decreased mRNA and protein expressions of Nrf2,HO-1 and NQO-1 as well as the activity of SOD(P＜0.01),and increased MDA level(P＜0.01).Compared with the model group,the groups intervened with the drugs showed increased mRNA and protein expressions of Nrf2,HO-1 and NQO-1 as well as the activity of SOD(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),and decreased MDA level(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION Didang Decoction-containing serum can protect RGECs from high glucose injury through activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway.

Objective:To analyze the status of respiratory pathogen detection and the clinical features in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP). Methods:A prospective, multicenter study was conducted to collect clinical data, including medical history, laboratory examinations and multiplex PCR tests of children diagnosed with MPP from 4 hospitals in China between November 15 th and December 20 th, 2023. The multiplex PCR results and clinical characteristics of MPP children in different regions were analyzed. The children were divided into severe and mild groups according to the severity of the disease. Patients in the severe group were further divided into Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) alone and Multi-pathogen co-detection groups based on whether other pathogens were detected besides MP, to analyze the influence of respiratory pathogen co-detection rate on the severity of the disease. Mann-Whitney rank sum test and Chi-square test were used to compare data between independent groups. Results:A total of 298 children, 136 males and 162 females, were enrolled in this study, including 204 children in the severe group with an onset age of 7.0 (6.0, 8.0) years, and 94 children in the mild group with an onset age of 6.5 (4.0, 7.8) years. The level of C-reactive protein, D-dimer, lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) were significantly higher (10.0 (5.0, 18.0) vs. 5.0 (5.0, 7.5) mg/L, 0.6 (0.4, 1.1) vs. 0.5 (0.3, 0.6) mg/L, 337 (286, 431) vs. 314 (271, 393) U/L, Z=2.02, 2.50, 3.05, all P<0.05), and the length of hospitalization was significantly longer in the severe group compared with those in mild group (6.0 (6.0, 7.0) vs. 5.0 (4.0, 6.0) d, Z=4.37, P<0.05). The time from onset to admission in severe MPP children was significantly shorter than that in mild MPP children (6.0 (5.0, 9.5) vs. 9.0 (7.0, 13.0) d, Z=2.23, P=0.026). All patients completed the multiplex PCR test, with 142 cases (47.7%) MPP children detected with 21 pathogens including adenovirus 25 cases (8.4%), human coronavirus 23 cases (7.7%), rhinovirus 21 cases (7.0%), Streptococcus pneumoniae 21 cases (7.0%), influenza A virus 18 cases (6.0%). The pathogens with the highest detection rates in Tianjin, Shanghai, Wenzhou and Chengdu were Staphylococcus aureus at 10.7% (8/75), adenovirus at 13.0% (10/77), adenovirus at 15.3% (9/59), and both rhinovirus and Haemophilus influenzae at 11.5% (10/87) each. The multi-pathogen co-detection rate in severe MPP children was significantly higher than that in mild MPP group (52.9% (108/204) vs. 36.2% (34/94), χ2=10.62, P=0.005). Among severe MPP children, there are 89 cases in the multi-pathogen co-detection group and 73 cases in the simple MPP group. The levels of LDH, D-dimer and neutrophil counts in the multi-pathogen co-detection group were significantly higher than those in the simple MPP group (348 (284, 422) vs. 307 (270, 358) U/L, 0.8 (0.5, 1.5) vs. 0.6 (0.4, 1.0) mg/L, 4.99 (3.66, 6.89)×10 9vs. 4.06 (2.91, 5.65)×10 9/L, Z=5.17, 4.99, 6.11, all P<0.05). Conclusions:The co-detection rate of respiratory pathogens, LDH and D-dimer in children with severe MPP were higher than those with mild MPP. Among severe MPP children the stress response of children in co-detection group was more serious than that of children with simple MPP.

The purpose of this study was to identify the tick species native to Xindi Township,Yumin County,Xinjiang,China.Preliminary morphological identification of parasitic ticks collected from animals in the area was conducted with an ultra-depth of field three-dimensional VHX 600 digital stereo microscope.Total DNA of the ticks was extracted,amplified by PCR based on the COI and ITS2 gene loci,and the posi-tive PCR products were sequenced.The sequence were a-ligned with reference sequences from the NCBI database were aligned with the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool.A genet-ic phylogenetic tree was generated with the neighbor-joining method of MEGA 7.0 software to determine the evolutionary biological characteristics of ticks.Morphological identification showed that the ticks collected from Xindi Township of Yu-min County were consistent with the characteristics of Hya-lomma asiaticum.An evolutionary tree based on the COI and ITS2 gene sequences showed that the ticks collected in this study were clustered with known H.asiaticum sequences.The PCR products of COI and ITS2 were sequenced and compared,which confirmed that the collected tick species were H.asiaticum,in agreement with the morphological and molecular biological results.These findings help to clarify the distribution of ticks in Xindi Township of Xinjiang,and provide basic data for the analysis of tick genetic and evolutionary characteristics,as reference for surveillance and control of ticks in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.