The flower of Hibiscus syriacus has good ornamental and edible-medicinal values.In this study,four samples of two varieties,namely white multiple petals flower and pink multiple petals flower,were selected as test materials.And the optimum extraction conditions,relative molecular weight,monosaccharide composition and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides in flower were investigated.Through single factor experiment and response surface,the optimal extract conditions of polysaccharide were designed as follows:extraction temperature at 96.8℃,ratio of material to liquid of 43.5∶1 m L·g~(-1),extraction time of 3.1 h.Polysaccharides of H.syriacus flowers were analyzed by high performance gel chromatography.The average molecular masses of the 4 polysaccharide samples were1.49×10~5,1.25×10~5,1.01×10~5,1.37×10~5,respectively.Polysaccharides of H.syriacus flowers were mainly composed of glucose,mannose,galactose,rhamnose and arabinose by pre-column derivatization HPLC.The ratio of galactose was the highest in five monosaccharide,and the ratio of galactose to glucose was 1.656-4.496.In addition,crude polysaccharides of H.syriacus flowers showed potential antioxidant activity by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical(DPPH)assay,total reducing capacity assay and ABTS assay in vitro,and its antioxidant effect showed a good dose-effect relationship with the concentration of crude polysaccharides.Among the tested varieties,polysaccharides of pink multiple petals flower and white multiple petals flower had the same molecular masses and monosaccharides composition,but the antioxidant activity of the polysaccharides of pink multiple petals flower was higher than that of the white flowers.The results of this study can provide a theoretical basis for the application of H.syriacus flower in the field of functional foods.
Antioxidants ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Flowers ; chemistry ; Hibiscus ; chemistry ; Monosaccharides ; chemistry ; Phytochemicals ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Pigmentation ; Polysaccharides ; chemistry ; pharmacology

Objective To obtain the transcriptome database and differentially expressed genes of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg. by Illumina HiSeq 4000; To provide important molecular information for its molecular biology research. Methods Leaves and roots of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg. were chosen as experimental materials to conduct transcriptome sequencing. Then bioinformatics analysis of gene function annotations, metabolic pathways, and microsatellites was performed on the test data. Results 24.13 Gb Clean Data were assembled. Afer assembly steps, 84 433 of T. hemsleyanum Unigene were obtained, and then they were compared in the 7 gene database, and 47 766 annotated information of Unigene was obtained. There were 27 790 annotations in the GO database. The number of differentially expressed genes in the roots, stems and leaves was 4989, of which 3511 were up-regulated and 1478 were down-regulated. The COG database obtained 16 152 homologous sequences of Unigene, which were divided into 25 categories. In the KEGG database, there were 14 511 Unigene obtained the corresponding Ko number, which could be divided into 130 branches of signal metabolism, among which the number of Unigene in the ribosome synthesis pathway was the most, with 1042, and there was only 1 Unigene in the biosynthetic pathway of isoflavones. Conclusion A large number of transcripts of the transcriptome were obtained through splicing, assembling and functional annotation of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg., which can provide genomic database resources for molecular biology research of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg.

Objective To investigate the effects of simulated microgravity by rotary cell culture system (RCCS) on expression profiles of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in mouse fibroblasts L929 cell line.Methods L929 cells were cultured in vitro and randomly divided into simulated microgravity (SMG) group and normal gravity (NG) group.Each group had three samples,the rotator axis of SMG group was paralleled to the ground rotation,while the rotator axis of NG group was vertical to the ground rotation,and the speed of rotation was consistent for the two groups.The samples of two groups were collected on 7th day of culture and the total RNAs were extracted,labeled and hybridized in sequence.The lncRNA and mRNA were detected by Agilent Mouse lncRNA Chips respectively.Differentially expressed lncRNA were identified and then validated by RT-qPCR.GO and Pathway analysis were applied to determine the functional distribution of these target genes.The integration predictions of the lncRNA and mRNA co-expression had been proposed to refine the functional lncRNA-mRNA relationships.Results There were 238 differentially expressed lncRNAs including 134 lncRNAs up-regulated and 104 lncRNAs down-regulated,and 237 differentially expressed mRNAs including 53 mRNAs up-regulated and 184 mRNAs down-regulated significantly in mouse fibroblasts L929 cell line under simulated microgravity by RCCS.The RT-qPCR showed a high concordance with chip microarray results in 4 differentially expressed lncRNA.GO analysis showed that the differentially expressed lncRNAs were related to the biological processes such as negative regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation and negative regulation of wound healing.Pathway analysis showed that these target genes were related to the signal pathways of systemic lupus erythematosus and TGF-β.The lncRNA-mRNA co-expression networks were also established.Conclusion The simulated microgravity by RCCS could significantly affect the expression profiles of lncRNA and mRNA in mouse fibroblasts L929.The lncRNA target genes prediction and functional enrichment analysis based on gene chip technology may provide the theoretical basis for illustrating the mechanism and management of weightlessness stress injury.

Objective The aim of this study is to explore epidemic characteristics of HIV/AIDS by different route of transmission during 2011—2014 in Huzhou City,then to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of HIV. Methods The epidemiological case data of HIV/AIDS from 2011 to 2014 were collected in Huzhou City by China information system for disease control and prevention.Descriptive epidemiological methods were used for analysis.Results A total of 436 cases with HIV/AIDS were reported during 2011—2014 in Huzhou City,and the number of HIV/AIDS reports increased year by year.The main route of transmission include heterosexual contact,which was accounted for 56.65%.MSM transmission was accounted for 38.53%,and injection drug transmission was accounted for 3.90%.Mother to child transmission was 1 case and blood transfusion /blood products transmission were 3 cases,which accounting for 0.92%.The constituent ratio of injecting drug patients,mother to child transmission or blood transfusion /blood products patients presented declining trend (P <0.05).Patients who were infected through heterosexual contact mainly were 30 to <60 years of age (68.83%),junior middle school or below education level (80.97%),married (61.94%).Patients who were infected through MSMmainly were 15 to <45 years of age (76.19%),high school or higher education (47.62%), unmarried (51.19%),household registration of Huzhou City (52.98%).Patients who were infected through injection
drug mainly were 30 to <45 years of age (70.59%),primary school or lower education level (82.35%),unmarried (47.06%),household registration of other province (94.12%).Most cases were detected HIV positive through clinical tests,which accounting for 51.15%.Most HIV /AIDS of MSM,heterosexual transmission and inject -drugs were distributed in Wu Xing District,which accounting for 67.26%,51.42% and 64.71%,respectively.51.15% HIV /AIDS were detected by clinical test.Conclusion The reported cases of HIV /AIDS were still mainly transmitted by heterosexual contact in recent years in Huzhou City,and the constituent ratio of MSMtransmission has increased slightly.

Toxoplasma gondii is a eukaryotic parasite of the phylum Apicomplexa, which infects all warm-blood animals, including humans. In the present study, we examined sequence variation in dense granule 20 (GRA20) genes among T. gondii isolates collected from different hosts and geographical regions worldwide. The complete GRA20 genes were amplified from 16 T. gondii isolates using PCR, sequence were analyzed, and phylogenetic reconstruction was analyzed by maximum parsimony (MP) and maximum likelihood (ML) methods. The results showed that the complete GRA20 gene sequence was 1,586 bp in length among all the isolates used in this study, and the sequence variations in nucleotides were 0-7.9% among all strains. However, removing the type III strains (CTG, VEG), the sequence variations became very low, only 0-0.7%. These results indicated that the GRA20 sequence in type III was more divergence. Phylogenetic analysis of GRA20 sequences using MP and ML methods can differentiate 2 major clonal lineage types (type I and type III) into their respective clusters, indicating the GRA20 gene may represent a novel genetic marker for intraspecific phylogenetic analyses of T. gondii.
Animals ; Base Sequence ; Brazil ; China ; Deer ; *Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; Goats ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Protozoan Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Sheep ; Swine ; Toxoplasma/classification/*genetics/isolation & purification/parasitology/physiology ; Toxoplasmosis/*parasitology ; Toxoplasmosis, Animal/*parasitology ; United States

BACKGROUNDInfections remain a major cause of therapy-associated morbidity and mortality in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).

METHODSWe retrospectively analyzed the medical charts of 256 children treated for ALL under the CCLG-2008 protocol in Beijing Children's Hospital.

RESULTSThere were 65 infectious complications in 50 patients during vincristine, daunorubicin, L-asparaginase and dexamethasone induction therapy, including microbiologically documented infections (n = 12; 18.5%), clinically documented infections (n = 23; 35.3%) and fever of unknown origin (n = 30; 46.2%). Neutropenia was present in 83.1% of the infectious episodes. In all, most infections occurred around the 15 th day of induction treatment (n = 28), and no patients died of infection-associated complications.

CONCLUSIONSThe infections in this study was independent of treatment response, minimal residual diseases at the end of induction therapy, gender, immunophenotype, infection at first visit, risk stratification at diagnosis, unfavorable karyotypes at diagnosis and morphologic type. The infection rate of CCLG-2008 induction therapy is low, and the outcome of patients is favorable.

Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Daunorubicin ; therapeutic use ; Dexamethasone ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Neoplasm, Residual ; etiology ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; complications ; drug therapy ; microbiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Vincristine ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of recombinant human growth hormone on serum lipid in aged male patients with chronic heart failure (CHF).

METHODSEighty seven patients with chronic heart failure(> or = 60 years old) were randomly divided into 2 groups: the CHF control group (n = 46) who received regular therapy and the CHF experimental group (n = 41) who received regular therapy and recombinant human growth hormone. The treatment would be continued for 3 months. Another group was normal control group (n = 10). The detection of serum growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was carried out before and after treatment in the participants.

RESULTSBefore treatment, the levels of GH and IGF-1 were not significantly different among groups. After treatment, the levels of GH (0.71 +/- 0.34 vs 0.96 +/- 0.48) and IGF-1 (95.64 +/- 21.11 vs 111.64 +/- 23.14)in CHF experimental group were higher than those before the treatment. In CHF control group, the levels of GH(0.81 +/- 0.32 vs 0.79 +/- 0.29) and IGF-1 (97.82 +/- 19.74 vs 99.65 +/- 20.11) had no significant change after the treatment. After treatment, the levels of GH (0.96 +/- 0.48 vs 0.79 +/- 0.29) and IGF-1 (111.64 +/- 23.14 vs 99.65 +/- 20.11) in CHF experimental group were higher compared with that of CHF control group. Before treatment, the serum levels of LDL-C, HDL-C, TC and TG had no significant difference among groups. After treatment,the levels of LDL-C (2.11 +/- 0.82 vs 1.76 +/- 0.51) and TC (3.78 +/- 1.34 vs 3.21 +/- 1.17) in CHF experimental group were lower than those before the treatment. However, the levels of HDL-C (1.10 +/- 0.31 vs 0.99 +/- 0.28)and TG (1. 89 +/- 1.07 vs 1.66 +/- 0.95) had no significant change after the treatment compared with before treatment. In CHF control group, the serum lipid levels had no significant change after the treatment.

CONCLUSIONAs the treatment of rhGH for aged male patients with chronic heart failure, GH influences lipid metabolism, which reduces the level of LDL-C, TC. However GH has no effects on the serum HDL-C and TG level. With the treatment of rhGH for long-term, lipid metabolism should be paid attention,and the treatment for blood lipid reduction should be adjusted in time.

Aged ; Chronic Disease ; Heart Failure ; blood ; therapy ; Human Growth Hormone ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Lipids ; blood ; Male ; Recombinant Proteins ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo detect the relationship between changes of sex hormone levels and risk factors for atherosclerosis in old patients with castrated prostatic cancer.

METHODSTwo hundred and forty-seven patients, over 65 years old, were divided into three groups: 64 non-prostatic cancer patients (group I), 61 non-castrated prostatic cancer patients (group II) and 122 castrated prostatic cancer patients (group III). Group I and group II served as controls. Testosterone (T), estradiol (E2), luteal hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin (PRL), progesterone (P), C-reactive protein (CRP), serum homocysteine (Hcy), glucose (GLU), uric acid (UA), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL), were measured and compared between any two groups.

RESULTSIn patients with castrated prostatic cancer, T, E2, and P levels decreased significantly, LH and FSH increased significantly, change of PRL was not significant, E2/T was elevated significantly; levels of CRP, Hcy, GLU, UA, TC, TG and LDL-C increased significantly compared with those in control groups.

CONCLUSIONSex hormone levels were imbalanced significantly after castration in old prostatic cancer patients, and the risk factors for atherosclerosis also increased accordingly. There might be relationship between decreased sex hormone levels and risk factors for atherosclerosis in old male patients.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Atherosclerosis ; pathology ; Case-Control Studies ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones ; metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Orchiectomy ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between the blood lipids and risk factors such as age in middle-aged and elderly men.

METHODS1603 men aged over 50 years old who took health examinations in June 2006 in the Chinese PLA General hospital were taken into the study. The total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), fasting serum glucose (FBG), serum creatinine (Cr) and blood uric acid (UA) were detected, and the clinical data such as age, body height, body weight and blood pressure were recorded.

RESULTS(1) The detection rates of hyperlipidemia, abnormal TC, abnormal TG, abnormal HDL-c and abnormal LDL-c were 56.27%, 36.74%, 28.20%, 10.79% and 6.92% respectively, and the TC and/or TG abnormality were the majority. (2) Compared with the 50 59 years old group, the elderly men aged over 80 years old had lower detection rates of abnormal TC and abnormal HDL-c, lower levels of TC and TG and higher levels of HDL-c (P < 0.05). After adjusting for BMI, SBP, DBP, UA, FBG and CCr, the multiple regression analysis showed that the levels of TC and TG decreased by 0.097 mmol/L and 0.087 mmol/L respectively every 10 years older, while the level of HDL-c increased by 0.113 mmol/L.

CONCLUSIONThe study showed that the majority types of hyperlipidemia in middle-aged and elderly men were abnormal TC and abnormal TG. The levels of TC, TG were correlated with age positively and the HDL-c was negatively correlated with age. The blood lipids metabolism characteristics of elderly men aged over 80 years old should be considered before the treatment of hyperlipidemia.

Age Factors ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cholesterol ; blood ; Cholesterol, HDL ; blood ; Cholesterol, LDL ; blood ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; blood ; prevention & control ; Lipids ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Triglycerides ; blood

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between the carotid stenosis (CS) and the pulse pressure (PP) in elderly men with essential hypertension.

METHODSAccording to the Color Doppler Flow Imaging (CDFI), 157 elderly men with essential hypertension and carotid atherosclerosis were divided into five classifications and two groups: CS < 50% group (n = 66) and CS > or = 50% group (n = 91). The blood pressures were measured within one year before the CDFI was taken and clinical data were recorded.

RESULTS(1) The systolic blood pressure (SBP) and the PP in CS > or = 50% group were significantly increased than those in CS < 50% group, while the diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was converse. The independent risk factors of CS > or = 50% were peripheral arterial disease (OR: 4.543, 95%CI: 1.415-14.590) and PP (OR: 1.096, 95% CI: 1.038-1.157). (2) CS classifications positively correlated with PP (r = 0.402, P < 0.01) and fibrinogen (FIB) (r = 0.200, P < 0.05). After adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI), SBP, DBP, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), fasting serum glucose (FBG), blood uric acid (UA), D-dimer, amino-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), total bilirubin (TBIL) and direct bilirubin (DBIL), multiple regression analysis showed that PP and FIB remained as predisposing risk factors for CS classifications.

CONCLUSIONThe pulse pressure was correlated with carotid stenosis in elderly men with essential hypertension and it was justified for concurrent inhibition of PP in the treatment of high blood pressure.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Blood Pressure ; Carotid Stenosis ; complications ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Hypertension ; complications ; physiopathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Ultrasonography