Oligodendrocyte lineage cells, including oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) and oligodendrocytes (OLs), are essential in establishing and maintaining brain circuits. Autophagy is a conserved process that keeps the quality of organelles and proteostasis. The role of autophagy in oligodendrocyte lineage cells remains unclear. The present study shows that autophagy is required to maintain the number of OPCs/OLs and myelin integrity during brain aging. Inactivation of autophagy in oligodendrocyte lineage cells increases the number of OPCs/OLs in the developing brain while exaggerating the loss of OPCs/OLs with brain aging. Inactivation of autophagy in oligodendrocyte lineage cells impairs the turnover of myelin basic protein (MBP). It causes MBP to accumulate in the cytoplasm as multimeric aggregates and fails to be incorporated into integral myelin, which is associated with attenuated endocytic recycling. Inactivation of autophagy in oligodendrocyte lineage cells impairs myelin integrity and causes demyelination. Thus, this study shows autophagy is required to maintain myelin quality during aging by controlling the turnover of myelin components.
Animals ; Autophagy/physiology* ; Oligodendroglia/metabolism* ; Myelin Sheath/physiology* ; Aging/pathology* ; Myelin Basic Protein/metabolism* ; Cell Lineage/physiology* ; Mice ; Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Brain/cytology* ; Cells, Cultured ; Cell Count

Biochemistry,as a fundamental course for science and engineering majors related to biology and chemistry,holds a significant position in the curriculum.The course team at Dalian Minzu University is committed to teaching innovation,adopting the outcome-based education(OBE)concept for teaching de-sign and incorporating ideological and political elements,in order to achieve the dual goals of knowledge transmission and value guidance.The team has established a three-dimensional teaching goal of"knowl-edge,morality,and ability",covering"consolidating core knowledge,cultivating moral sentiment,and enhancing innovation ability".Through a multi-dimensional integrated teaching method of"three integra-tions and five combinations",multiple rounds of teaching practice have been carried out in the applied chemistry major using"classification and specificity of enzyme"as an example.The output of teaching re-sults and survey questionnaires show that students highly recognize the teaching design and its"process-based learning"evaluation method,fully reflecting the student-centered teaching idea.Research has shown that OBE design combined with ideological and political elements can effectively promote students' knowl-edge acquisition,moral growth,and innovation ability improvement in the course of Biochemistry.This teaching design not only helps students construct correct worldviews,outlooks on life,and values,but also significantly enhances their innovative thinking and practical abilities.This teaching design can not only ef-fectively improve the teaching quality of the course,but also provide new perspectives and ideas for the teaching design of Biochemistry,realizing the organic integration of professional knowledge imparting and i-deological and political education,and has certain innovation and practical significance.

With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence(GAI)technologies,their widespread application in academic research and writing is continuously expanding the boundaries of sci-entific inquiry.However,this trend has also raised a series of ethical and regulatory challenges,inclu-ding issues related to authorship,content authenticity,citation accuracy,and accountability.In light of the growing involvement of AI in generating academic content,establishing an open,controllable,and trustworthy ethical governance framework has become a key task for safeguarding research integrity and maintaining trust within the academic community.This expert consensus outlines ethical requirements across key stages of AI-assisted academic writing-including topic selection,data management,citation practices,and authorship attribution.It aims to clarify the boundaries and ethical obligations surrounding AI use in academic writing,ensuring that technological tools enhance efficiency without compromising in-tegrity.The goal is to provide guidance and institutional support for building a responsible and sustainable research ecosystem.

Objective:To explore the clinical application value of multimodal Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI)in cognitive impairment related to Cerebral Small Vessel Disease(CSVD).Methods:This study was a retrospective analysis of 60 CSVD patients,who were divided into cognitive impairment group(n=32)and normal group(n=28)based on Montreal Cognitive Assessment scale(MoCA).Compare the general information and MRI parameters of two groups of patients,use correlation analysis and logistic regression analysis to investigate the relationship between MRI parameters and cognitive dysfunction,and use receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC)to explore the value of MRI parameters in diagnosing cognitive dysfunction in cerebral small vessel disease.Results:Compared with the cognitively normal group,the cognitive impairment group had older age,higher apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC),lower anisotropy score(FA),and an overall increase in microbleeds(P＜0.05).Age(r=-0.510),ADC value(r=-0.591),and overall number of microbleeds(r=-0.369)were significantly negatively correlated with MoCA score(P＜0.05),while FA value(r=0.262)was significantly positively correlated with MoCA score(P＜0.05).The logistic regression results indicate that age,overall microbleeds,ADC value,and FA value are influencing factors for cognitive impairment in patients with cerebral small vessel disease.ROC curve analysis showed that the combination of age,ADC,FA,and microbleeds significantly improved diagnostic efficacy(AUC=0.990,95％CI=0.974-1.000).Conclusion:The joint analysis of multimodal MRI parameters can provide important imaging evidence for the early identification of cognitive dysfunction in CSVD.

Objective:To explore the clinical application value of multimodal Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI)in cognitive impairment related to Cerebral Small Vessel Disease(CSVD).Methods:This study was a retrospective analysis of 60 CSVD patients,who were divided into cognitive impairment group(n=32)and normal group(n=28)based on Montreal Cognitive Assessment scale(MoCA).Compare the general information and MRI parameters of two groups of patients,use correlation analysis and logistic regression analysis to investigate the relationship between MRI parameters and cognitive dysfunction,and use receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC)to explore the value of MRI parameters in diagnosing cognitive dysfunction in cerebral small vessel disease.Results:Compared with the cognitively normal group,the cognitive impairment group had older age,higher apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC),lower anisotropy score(FA),and an overall increase in microbleeds(P＜0.05).Age(r=-0.510),ADC value(r=-0.591),and overall number of microbleeds(r=-0.369)were significantly negatively correlated with MoCA score(P＜0.05),while FA value(r=0.262)was significantly positively correlated with MoCA score(P＜0.05).The logistic regression results indicate that age,overall microbleeds,ADC value,and FA value are influencing factors for cognitive impairment in patients with cerebral small vessel disease.ROC curve analysis showed that the combination of age,ADC,FA,and microbleeds significantly improved diagnostic efficacy(AUC=0.990,95％CI=0.974-1.000).Conclusion:The joint analysis of multimodal MRI parameters can provide important imaging evidence for the early identification of cognitive dysfunction in CSVD.

Biochemistry,as a fundamental course for science and engineering majors related to biology and chemistry,holds a significant position in the curriculum.The course team at Dalian Minzu University is committed to teaching innovation,adopting the outcome-based education(OBE)concept for teaching de-sign and incorporating ideological and political elements,in order to achieve the dual goals of knowledge transmission and value guidance.The team has established a three-dimensional teaching goal of"knowl-edge,morality,and ability",covering"consolidating core knowledge,cultivating moral sentiment,and enhancing innovation ability".Through a multi-dimensional integrated teaching method of"three integra-tions and five combinations",multiple rounds of teaching practice have been carried out in the applied chemistry major using"classification and specificity of enzyme"as an example.The output of teaching re-sults and survey questionnaires show that students highly recognize the teaching design and its"process-based learning"evaluation method,fully reflecting the student-centered teaching idea.Research has shown that OBE design combined with ideological and political elements can effectively promote students' knowl-edge acquisition,moral growth,and innovation ability improvement in the course of Biochemistry.This teaching design not only helps students construct correct worldviews,outlooks on life,and values,but also significantly enhances their innovative thinking and practical abilities.This teaching design can not only ef-fectively improve the teaching quality of the course,but also provide new perspectives and ideas for the teaching design of Biochemistry,realizing the organic integration of professional knowledge imparting and i-deological and political education,and has certain innovation and practical significance.

With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence(GAI)technologies,their widespread application in academic research and writing is continuously expanding the boundaries of sci-entific inquiry.However,this trend has also raised a series of ethical and regulatory challenges,inclu-ding issues related to authorship,content authenticity,citation accuracy,and accountability.In light of the growing involvement of AI in generating academic content,establishing an open,controllable,and trustworthy ethical governance framework has become a key task for safeguarding research integrity and maintaining trust within the academic community.This expert consensus outlines ethical requirements across key stages of AI-assisted academic writing-including topic selection,data management,citation practices,and authorship attribution.It aims to clarify the boundaries and ethical obligations surrounding AI use in academic writing,ensuring that technological tools enhance efficiency without compromising in-tegrity.The goal is to provide guidance and institutional support for building a responsible and sustainable research ecosystem.

Objective:To investigate the effect of iron overload on the expression of programmed death-1(PD-1)on the surface of T lymphocyte in mice,in order to analyze the mechanism of iron overload inhibiting T cell function.Methods:Flow cytometry was used to detect the labile iron pool(LIP),reactive oxygen species(ROS),and the expression of PD-1 in peripheral blood T cells in mice with iron overload.Results:The mean fluorescence intensity of calcein in T cells of mice in iron overload group was 2 492±311.1,which was significantly lower than 3 136±537.3 in the control group(P＜0.01),suggesting that increased LIP in iron overload group.Compared with the control group,the ratio of CD4/CD8 of peripheral blood T cells was normal or increased in iron overload group.The level of ROS in T cells was 2 452±393.3 in iron overload group,which was significantly increased compared to 1 874±121.8 in the control group(P＜0.001).The expression of PD-1 on the surface of T cells was significantly increased.The percentage of PD-1+cells in CD8+T cells was(12.97±6.92)％and(6.18±2.95)％in iron overload group and control group,respectively(P＜0.05),and that in CD8-T cells was(33.55±15.69)％and(12.51±4.11)％(P＜0.001).Conclusion:The expression of PD-1 on peripheral blood T cells in mice with iron overload is significantly increased,which may be involved in inhibiting T cell effector function.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.