Objective: To explore the assocation of the family environment and depressive symptoms among primary and middle school students, so as to provide suggestions for further maximizing the utility of family environment in the growth of primary and secondary school students, as well as prevention and intervention of depressive symptoms among children and adolescents. Methods: From June to July 2024, through a multistage cluster random sampling method, 8 800 primary and middle school students aged 10 to 18 from 36 schools in 3 cities (Datong, Lvliang, Linfen) in Shanxi Province. A self designed questionnaire was used to conduct a family environment survey, including family socioeconomic conditions, family structure, family parenting behavior, family member health behavior, etc; and the depression symptoms of primary and secondary school students were investigated by Patient Health Questionnaire-9. The χ 2 test and binary Logistic regression to method were used to analyze the association of the family environment with depressive symptoms among primary and secondary school students, and to analyze gender and urban-rural heterogeneity in this association. Results: The detection rate of depressive symptoms among primary and middle school students was 46.7% ( n = 4 111 ). Among them, the detection rates of depressive symptoms for male and female students were 45.7% and 47.7% respectively, and the detection rates for rural and urban students were 48.0% and 44.9% respectively. The results of binary Logistic regression model showed that in the family environment, factors such as the father s education level (junior high school: OR =0.84), self assessed family socio economic status (average: OR =0.78, good: OR =0.80), parental support and understanding (yes: OR = 0.55 ), family atmosphere (harmonious: OR =0.66), living arrangement (living only with father or mother: OR =1.31, living with parents and grandparents: OR =1.19), and family rearing style (combining punishment and reward: OR =1.42, punishment only: OR =1.25) were related to depressive symptoms in primary and middle school students in Shanxi Province ( P <0.05). From the perspective of gender heterogeneity, the living arrangement (living only with father or mother: OR =1.67, others: OR =1.67) had a statistically significant association with depressive symptoms in male students ( P <0.05). From the perspective of urban rural heterogeneity, the living arrangement (living only with father or mother: OR =1.38) had a statistically significant association with depressive symptoms in rural primary and middle school students ( P <0.05). Conclusions The family environment has an important impact on depressive symptoms in primary and middle school students. Family functioning should be fully exerted to prevent depressive symptoms in primary and middle school students.

Objective: To understand the indoor light at night (LAN) exposure intensity during sleep among children and adolescents in Shanghai, so as to provide a basis for exploring potential health risks and formulating effective interventions. Methods: From April to December in 2024, a total of 628 students in grades 4-7 were recruited from three schools in Shanghai. A portable illuminance meter was used to measure LAN for one week, and participants recorded their sleep time. The Kruskal-Wallis H- test was used for comparison between groups, and the error bar chart was used to show the trend and variation range of average LAN exposure intensity in different sleep periods. Results: The indoor LAN exposure intensity of children and adolescents in Shanghai was [2.4(0.8, 5.9)lx] during sleep, and 28.8% of children and adolescents were exposed to indoor LAN≥5 lx. There was no significant differences in indoor LAN exposure intensity between boys [2.4(1.0, 5.9)lx] and girls [2.3(0.7, 5.9)lx] ( Z=-0.86, P > 0.05 ). The indoor LAN exposure intensity of primary school students [2.9(1.1, 6.6)lx] was higher than that of junior high school students [1.0(0.3, 3.1)lx] ( Z =-5.87), and indoor LAN exposure intensity of students in the main urban area [3.2(1.1, 7.8)lx] was higher than that of rural students [1.6(0.5, 4.3)lx] ( Z =-5.23)(both P <0.05). The indoor LAN exposure intensity showed an overall decreasing trend during sleep of children and adolescents ( tau=-0.81, P =0.02), with a slight increase before waking up. Conclusions Indoor LAN exposure intensity among children and adolescents in Shanghai is generally high, especially among primary school students and students living in the main urban area. Health policy and education should be strengthened to reduce the impact of LAN on children and adolescent health.

Objective To investigate the sputum metabolic profiles of patients with occupational coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) by an untargeted metabolomics method, and to identify relevant differential metabolic pathways and potential biomarkers. Methods A total of 12 male patients with stage Ⅰ CWP were selected as the CWP group, and 16 healthy male individuals were selected as the control group, using a judgmental sampling method. Sputum metabolites of individuals in both groups were detected to perform non-targeted metabolomic analysis using the ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Differential metabolites (DMs) and their pathways were screened using principal component analysis, partial least squares discriminant analysis, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis. Potential biomarkers were analyzed and identified via the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). Results There were apparent metabolic alterations observed in sputum of CWP patients compared with healthy controls. In the positive ion mode, a total of 42 DMs were identified in sputum from CWP patients, including 19 downregulated and 23 upregulated metabolites. In the negative ion mode, a total of 25 DMs were identified in sputum from CWP patients, including 16 downregulated and 9 upregulated metabolites. KEGG enrichment analysis of sputum from CWP patients showed that seven DMs pathways were enriched in ABC transporters, histidine metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, purine metabolism, and oxidative phosphorylation, involving 26 DMs. ROC analysis indicated that 16(R)-hydroxyarachidonic acid, pyrophosphate, and 2-hydroxyphenylacetate of these 26 DMs may serve as potential biomarkers for CWP. Conclusion Sputum metabolomic profiles were altered in CWP patients compared with healthy controls. The potential biomarkers of CWP prevention and treatment are 16(R)-hydroxyarachidonic acid, pyrophosphate, and 2-hydroxyphenylacetate.

BACKGROUND: Bile acids (BAs) facilitate the progression of gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM). Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) dysregulation was observed along with the initiation of gastric cancer. However, how lncRNAs function in GIM remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the role and mechanism of lncRNA PVT1 in GIM, and provide a potential therapeutic target for GIM treatment. METHODS: We employed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to screen dysregulated lncRNAs in gastric epithelial cells after BA treatment. Bioinformatics analysis was conducted to reveal the regulatory mechanism. PVT1 expression was detected in 21 paired biopsies obtained under endoscopy. Overexpressed and knockdown cell models were established to explore gene functions in GIM. Molecular interactions were validated by dual-luciferase reporter assay, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), and chromatin immunoprecipitation (Ch-IP). The levels of relative molecular expression were detected in GIM tissues. RESULTS: We confirmed that lncRNA PVT1 was upregulated in BA-induced GIM model. PVT1 promoted the expression of intestinal markers such as CDX2 , KLF4 , and HNF4α . Bioinformatics analysis revealed that miR-34b-5p was a putative target of PVT1 . miR-34b-5p mimics increased CDX2 , KLF4 , and HNF4α levels. Restoration of miR-34b-5p decreased the pro-metaplastic effect of PVT1 . The interactions between PVT1 , miR-34b-5p, and the downstream target HNF4α were validated. Moreover, HNF4α could transcriptionally activated PVT1 , sustaining the GIM phenotype. Finally, the activation of the PVT1 /miR-34b-5p/ HNF4α loop was detected in GIM tissues. CONCLUSIONS BAs facilitate GIM partially via a PVT1/miR-34b-5p/HNF4α positive feedback loop. PVT1 may become a novel target for blocking the continuous development of GIM and preventing the initiation of gastric cancer in patients with bile reflux.
Humans ; RNA, Long Noncoding/metabolism* ; MicroRNAs/metabolism* ; Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4/genetics* ; Bile Acids and Salts ; Kruppel-Like Factor 4 ; Metaplasia/metabolism*

The circadian clock plays a critical role in regulating various physiological processes, including gene expression, metabolic regulation, immune response, and the sleep-wake cycle in living organisms. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are crucial regulatory mechanisms to maintain the precise oscillation of the circadian clock. By modulating the stability, activity, cell localization and protein-protein interactions of core clock proteins, PTMs enable these proteins to respond dynamically to environmental and intracellular changes, thereby sustaining the periodic oscillations of the circadian clock. Different types of PTMs exert their effects through distincting molecular mechanisms, collectively ensuring the proper function of the circadian system. This review systematically summarized several major types of PTMs, including phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation and oxidative modification, and overviewed their roles in regulating the core clock proteins and the associated pathways, with the goals of providing a theoretical foundation for the deeper understanding of clock mechanisms and the treatment of diseases associated with circadian disruption.
Protein Processing, Post-Translational/physiology* ; Circadian Rhythm/physiology* ; Humans ; Animals ; CLOCK Proteins/physiology* ; Circadian Clocks/physiology* ; Phosphorylation ; Acetylation ; Ubiquitination ; Sumoylation

Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (Fuzi) represents a significant traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that exhibits both notable pharmacological effects and toxicity. Various processing methods are implemented to reduce the toxicity of raw Fuzi by modifying its toxic and effective components, primarily diterpenoid alkaloids. To comprehensively analyze the chemical variations between different Fuzi products, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-linear ion trap quadrupole Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS) was employed to systematically characterize Shengfuzi, Heishunpian and Baifupian. A total of 249 diterpenoid alkaloids present in Shengfuzi were identified, while only 111 and 61 in Heishunpian and Baifupian were detected respectively, indicating substantial differences among these products. An untargeted metabolomics approach combined with multivariate statistical analysis revealed 42 potential chemical markers. Through subsequent validation using 52 batches of commercial Heishunpian and Baifupian samples, 8 robust markers distinguishing these products were identified, including AC1-propanoic acid-3OH, HE-glucoside, HE-hydroxyvaleric acid-2OH, dihydrosphingosine, N-dodecoxycarbonylvaline and three unknown compounds. Additionally, the MS imaging (MSI) technique was utilized to visualize the spatial distribution of chemical constituents in raw Fuzi, revealing how different processing procedures affect the chemical variations between Heishunpian and Baifupian. The distribution patterns of different diterpenoid alkaloid subtypes partially explained the chemical differences among products. This research provides valuable insights into the material basis for future investigations of different Fuzi products.
Diterpenes/chemistry* ; Alkaloids/chemistry* ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods* ; Aconitum/chemistry* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry* ; Metabolomics ; Mass Spectrometry/methods* ; Plant Roots/chemistry* ; Molecular Structure

OBJECTIVE: Recombination events are common and serve as the primary driving force of diverse human adenovirus (HAdV), particularly in children with acute respiratory tract infections (ARIs). Therefore, continual monitoring of these events is essential for effective viral surveillance and control. METHODS: Respiratory specimens were collected from children with ARIs between January 2022 and December 2023. The penton base, hexon, and fiber genes were amplified from HAdV-positive specimens and sequenced to determine the virus type. In cases with inconsistent typing results, genes were cloned into the pGEM-T vector to detect recombination events. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) was performed to characterize the recombinant HAdV genomes. RESULTS: Among 6,771 specimens, 277 (4.09%, 277/6,771) were positvie for HAdV, of which 157 (56.68%, 157/277) were successfully typed, with HAdV-B3 being the dominant type (91.08%, 143/157), and 14 (5.05%, 14/277) exhibited inconsistent typing results, six of which belonged to species B. The penton base genes of these six specimens were classified as HAdV-B7, whereas their hexon and fiber genes were classified as HAdV-B3, resulting in a recombinant genotype designated P7H3F3, which closely resembled HAdV-B114. Additionally, a partial gene encoding L1 52/55 kD was identified, which originated from HAdV-B16. CONCLUSION A novel recombinant, P7H3F3, was identified, containing sequences derived from HAdV-B3 and HAdV-B7, which is similar to HAdV-B114, along with additional sequences from HAdV-B16.
Humans ; Adenoviruses, Human/isolation & purification* ; Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology* ; Child, Preschool ; Child ; Recombination, Genetic ; Male ; Beijing/epidemiology* ; Infant ; Female ; Phylogeny ; Adenovirus Infections, Human/epidemiology* ; Acute Disease ; Genome, Viral

Paridis Rhizoma possesses the functions of clearing heat and detoxifying， alleviating swelling and relieving pain， cooling the liver and calming the convulsion. Saponins are the main active components of Paridis Rhizoma. Studies have shown that total saponins in Paridis Rhizoma have obvious inhibitory effect on solid tumors such as breast cancer， lung cancer， gastric cancer， and liver cancer and non-solid tumors such as leukemia. The saponins may exert the anti-tumor effects by inhibiting the proliferation， migration， and invasion of tumor cells， regulating cell cycle， inducing apoptotic and non-apoptotic death pathways， and regulating metabolism and tumor microenvironment. Furthermore， total saponins in Paridis Rhizoma showed anti-inflammatory， antioxidant， antimicrobial， hemostatic， and uterus-contracting activities. At the same time， they may induce apoptosis of normal cells， inflammation and oxidative stress， and metabolic disorders. In recent years， the reports of liver injury， reproductive injury， gastrointestinal injury， hemolysis， and other adverse reactions caused by total saponins in Paridis Rhizoma have been increasing. Pharmacokinetic studies have shown that there are significant differences in the metabolism of total saponins in Paridis Rhizoma administrated in different ways. Injection has a fast clearance rate， while oral administration may have hepatoenteric circulation. Meanwhile， due to the low solubility and activation of P-glycoprotein （P-gp） molecular pump， the prototype absorption， intestinal permeability， and recovery rate of total saponins in Paridis Rhizoma are poor， which affects the bioavailability. The bioavailability can be improved to some extent by preparing new dosage forms or new drug delivery systems with advanced technology. This paper reviews the pharmacological effect， pharmacokinetics， and adverse reactions of Rhizoma Paridis total saponins by searching the China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， VIP， and Web of Science with ''Rhizoma Paridis total saponins'' as the keywords， hoping to provide references for the research， development， and clinical application of such components.

AIM To establish an HPLC method for the simultaneous content determination of gallic acid,protocatechuic acid,morroniside,loganin,sweroside,paeoniflorin,hypericin,astragalin,salvianolic acid B,salvianolic acid A,epimedin C and icariin in Bushen Huoxue Sanjie Capsules.METHODS The analysis was performed on a 30℃thermostatic Agilent 5 TC-C18 column(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of acetonitrile-0.1%phosphoric acid flowing at 1.0 mL/min in a gradient elution manner,and the detection wavelength was set at 240 nm.RESULTS Twelve constituents showed good linear relationships within their own ranges(r≥0.999 8),whose average recoveries were 97.11%-101.14%with the RSDs of 0.60%-2.65%.CONCLUSION This simple,accurate and reproducible method can be used for the quality control of Bushen Huoxue Sanjie Capsules.

Schizophrenia has various obstacles in cognition， thinking， emotion， behavior and other aspects； it belongs to the category of “madness” in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. Once schizophrenia occurs， multiple factors are often intertwined， and a single therapy is difficult to be effective. At present， TCM compounds and active ingredients have significant effects in the clinical treatment of schizophrenia， which is an important direction for the development of new drugs for schizophrenia. This article summarizes the molecular mechanism of TCM compounds and active ingredients in the treatment of schizophrenia. It is found that Wendan decoction and Yudian decoction can inhibit the apoptosis of hippocampal cells by activating BDNF/TrKB/CREB signaling pathway； quercetin and icariin can promote neural development and regeneration by activating NMDA/ERK signaling pathway； Wendan decoction and icariin can maintain neural cell homeostasis by activating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway； Bushen zhuangyang capsule can enhance learning and memory abilities by activating CaMKⅡ signaling pathway； formulas such as Huatan huoxue tongzhi formula can enhance intercellular information transmission by inhibiting PKC signaling pathway； α-humulene and others can restore nerve cell function by inhibiting NRG1/ErbB4 signaling pathway. TCM compounds and active ingredients can improve schizophrenia by intervening in the above-mentioned signaling pathways.