Objective To explore the influence of demographic characteristics, psychiatric symptoms and medication on the adherence of long-acting injectable paliperidone palmitate (PP) treatment in schizophrenia patients. Methods In this one year, naturalistic longitudinal study, 156 consecutive patients with schizophrenia were initiated with PP from June 2012 to October 2013, discontinuation of PP was deemed as event during one year observational period. Cox's proportional hazards regression model (Cox regression) was used to identify independent predictors of treatment discontinuation and calculate the Hazard Ratio (HR) of main effect factors. Results Of 156 patients with schizophrenia, most patients (n=100, 64.1%) continued with PP for one year, 49 patients discontinue PP and 7 patients were loss to follow up. Cox regression results showed that female (HR=2.639, P=0.002), high dose of the third injection (HR=1.031, P<0.01), PANSS reduction in acute phase (HR=0.957, P=0.012) and propranolol (HR=0.180, P=0.002) were the predictors of PP discontinuation. Conclusion Gender, the third injection dose, PANSS reduction in acute phase and akathisia may be the main factors to discontinuation of PP treatment.

Objective To examine the sex differences in prescribing patterns of psychotropic drugs and drug-induced side effects in schizophrenia patients in China. Methods Using the same design and a standardized protocol as in 2002 and 2006, the cross-sectional survey was conducted from July to August, 2012 in 45 psychiatric hospitals/centers in 10 provinces and municipalities in China. Inpatients and outpatients with schizophrenia were consecutively screened for eligibility for this study. Sociodemographic characteristics and prescription pattern were collected by using a modified questionnaire for the study. Data comparisons between male and female were performed with univariate analysis. Multiple logistic regression analysis was employed to determine the gender differences in prescription pattern and drug-induced side effects. Results The sample consisted of 2 260 male and 1 979 female patients. Univariate analyses showed that male patients were younger than female patients(t=5.398), having an earlier age at onset(t=5.662), higher percentage of being employed(χ2=31.597), and more negative symptoms(χ2=10.814)and aggressive behavior (χ2=5.816), more likely to receive clozapine (23.9%(472/1 979) vs. 28.5%(645/2 260),χ2=11.955), higher antipsychotic doses(476 mg vs. 514 mg,F=14.003), less use of antidepressants (7.9%(156/1 979) vs. 6.0%(136/2 260),χ2=5.722)and benzodiazepines(23.9%(472/1 979)vs. 20.0%(451/2 260),χ2=9.396), more frequent tardive dyskinesia(1.3%(25/1 979)vs. 2.1%(47/2 260),χ2=4.212)and less weight gain(11.0%(218/1 979)vs. 7.7%(173/2 260),χ2=14.233)and prolactin elevation(3.2%(63/1 979)vs. 1.7%(39/2 260),χ2=9.548;all P<0.05). In multivariate analyses, greater rate of clozapine use (OR=1.268,P=0.001), less rate of benzodiazepines use(OR=0.841,P=0.025) and antidepressants(OR=0.78,P=0.045),higher rate of tardive dyskinesia(OR=1.879,P=0.014)and less weight gain (OR=0.669,P=0.001) and prolactin elevation (OR=0.527,P=0.003) were independently associated with the male sex. Conclusion Gender is one of the independent contributors to psychotropic prescription pattern and side effects of antipsychotics in Chinese schizophrenia patients. Gender differences should be given more attention in research and clinical practice.

Objective To explore the influence of demographic characteristics, psychiatric symptoms and medication on the adherence of long-acting injectable paliperidone palmitate (PP) treatment in schizophrenia patients. Methods In this one year, naturalistic longitudinal study, 156 consecutive patients with schizophrenia were initiated with PP from June 2012 to October 2013, discontinuation of PP was deemed as event during one year observational period. Cox's proportional hazards regression model (Cox regression) was used to identify independent predictors of treatment discontinuation and calculate the Hazard Ratio (HR) of main effect factors. Results Of 156 patients with schizophrenia, most patients (n=100, 64.1%) continued with PP for one year, 49 patients discontinue PP and 7 patients were loss to follow up. Cox regression results showed that female (HR=2.639, P=0.002), high dose of the third injection (HR=1.031, P<0.01), PANSS reduction in acute phase (HR=0.957, P=0.012) and propranolol (HR=0.180, P=0.002) were the predictors of PP discontinuation. Conclusion Gender, the third injection dose, PANSS reduction in acute phase and akathisia may be the main factors to discontinuation of PP treatment.

Objective To examine the sex differences in prescribing patterns of psychotropic drugs and drug-induced side effects in schizophrenia patients in China. Methods Using the same design and a standardized protocol as in 2002 and 2006, the cross-sectional survey was conducted from July to August, 2012 in 45 psychiatric hospitals/centers in 10 provinces and municipalities in China. Inpatients and outpatients with schizophrenia were consecutively screened for eligibility for this study. Sociodemographic characteristics and prescription pattern were collected by using a modified questionnaire for the study. Data comparisons between male and female were performed with univariate analysis. Multiple logistic regression analysis was employed to determine the gender differences in prescription pattern and drug-induced side effects. Results The sample consisted of 2 260 male and 1 979 female patients. Univariate analyses showed that male patients were younger than female patients(t=5.398), having an earlier age at onset(t=5.662), higher percentage of being employed(χ2=31.597), and more negative symptoms(χ2=10.814)and aggressive behavior (χ2=5.816), more likely to receive clozapine (23.9%(472/1 979) vs. 28.5%(645/2 260),χ2=11.955), higher antipsychotic doses(476 mg vs. 514 mg,F=14.003), less use of antidepressants (7.9%(156/1 979) vs. 6.0%(136/2 260),χ2=5.722)and benzodiazepines(23.9%(472/1 979)vs. 20.0%(451/2 260),χ2=9.396), more frequent tardive dyskinesia(1.3%(25/1 979)vs. 2.1%(47/2 260),χ2=4.212)and less weight gain(11.0%(218/1 979)vs. 7.7%(173/2 260),χ2=14.233)and prolactin elevation(3.2%(63/1 979)vs. 1.7%(39/2 260),χ2=9.548;all P<0.05). In multivariate analyses, greater rate of clozapine use (OR=1.268,P=0.001), less rate of benzodiazepines use(OR=0.841,P=0.025) and antidepressants(OR=0.78,P=0.045),higher rate of tardive dyskinesia(OR=1.879,P=0.014)and less weight gain (OR=0.669,P=0.001) and prolactin elevation (OR=0.527,P=0.003) were independently associated with the male sex. Conclusion Gender is one of the independent contributors to psychotropic prescription pattern and side effects of antipsychotics in Chinese schizophrenia patients. Gender differences should be given more attention in research and clinical practice.

OBJECTIVE: We investigated the influence of obstructive sleep apnea -hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) on hypertension and metabolism. METHOD: There were two groups in this research; they were the research group including 115 patients who were diagnosed with polysomnography and the control group of 122 healthy persons. The blood pressure in the morning, plasmas glucose (GLU), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and uric acid (UA) were measured. There were 32 moderate or severe OSAHS patients and 20 healthy persons were selected to be measured the mitochondrial coupling factor 6 (CF6) with radio-immunity method. The results were analyzed with statistic method. The P < 0.05 means the significant difference. RESULT: The patients' blood pressure in the morning was significantly higher than the control healthy persons. The plasmas glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and uric acid of the OSAHS patients were all in a higher level than those of the control group healthy persons. There were significant differences between the two groups. The mitochondrial coupling factor 6 (CF6) of moderate OSAHS patients or severe OSAHS patients was more than that of the healthy persons (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION OSAHS is a potential risk factor on the cardiovascular diseases and the metabolism disorders. The mitochondrial coupling factor 6 (CF6) may play an important role in the procedure of X syndrome.
Adult ; Blood Glucose ; analysis ; Blood Pressure ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; etiology ; Case-Control Studies ; Cholesterol ; blood ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; etiology ; Male ; Metabolic Diseases ; etiology ; Middle Aged ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; metabolism ; pathology ; Triglycerides ; blood

Objective To explore the changes on autonomic nervous function of the patients with different Traditional Chinese medicine syndrome types.Methods The cases of anxiety or depressive diseases were divided into different types according to traditional Chinese medicine syndrome types,and then heart rate variability(HRV) were tested and compared with normal controls.Results Indicators of time or frequency of heart rate variability(HRV) in anxiety or depressive disease patients with Gan-Yu-Tan-Zu Zheng or Xin-Pi-Liang-Xu Zheng or Gan-Yu-Qi-Zhi Zheng were lower than those of controls group,especially in parasympathetic nervous.The abever disorders of the patients with Gan-Yu-Tan-Zu Zheng or Gan-Yu-Qi-Zhi Zheng was more significant than those in patients with Xin-Pi-Liang-Xu Zheng.Conclusions The autonomic nervous function of anxiety or depressive diseases with Gan-Yu-Tan-Zu Zheng or Xin-Pi-Liang-Xu Zheng or Gan-Yu-Qi-Zhi Zheng is disordered and their HRV of was lower than that of control(P