Objective:To study the effects of astragalus polysaccharide on the proliferation of osteoblasts and the effects of astraga-lus polysaccharide on bone repair in rabbits with apical periodontitis.Methods:CCK8 assay was used to detect of astragalus poly-saccharide on the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells.The expression of osteogenic marker factor BMP-2 and Runx-2 mRNA and pro-tein of MC3T3-E1 cells were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot respectively.The animal models of mandibular incisors with apical periodontitis in rabbits was established and verified by roentgenogram and HE staining.The repair ability of bone tissue was detected by roentgenogram.The expression of BMP-2 in the rabbit apical tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry.The results were compared between the treated and control rabbits(n=3).Results:Astragalus polysaccharide promoted cell proliferation after 24 h,48 h and 72 h exposure(P＜0.05).Roentgenogram and HE staining confirmed that the rabbit apical periodontitis was successfully constructed.The bone defect volume in the treated rabbits apical tissue was less and the expression of BMP-2 was high-er than that in the control rabbits(P＜0.05).Conclusion:Astragalus polysaccharide promotes the proliferation ability of osteoblasts and promotes the bone repair of rabbits with apical periodontitis.

Vertebral refracture following percutaneous vertebral augmentation (PVA) is commonly seen in elderly patients with osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fractures (OTLCF). It can lead to recurrent pain, loss of vertebral height, progression of kyphosis, and even neurological dysfunction, significantly impairing patients′ quality of life. Current diagnosis and treatment face multiple challenges, including high misdiagnosis rate, difficulty in choosing between surgical and non-surgical treatment options, lack of standardized surgical protocols, interference from intralesional bone cement during procedures, inadequate stability of internal fixation in osteoporotic bone, and suboptimal compliance of anti-osteoporotic therapy. Establishing a standardized diagnostic and therapeutic framework is urgently needed. To standardize the management process and improve outcomes for vertebral refractures after PVA in elderly OTLCF patients, Spinal Trauma Group of the Orthopedic Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association organized experts in the field to develop Guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of vertebral refracture after percutaneous vertebral augmentation in elderly patients with osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fractures ( version 2025), based on current literature and clinical experience, and adhering to principles of scientific rigor and clinical applicability. A total of 11 recommendations were proposed, encompassing diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of vertebral refracture after PVA in elderly patients with OTLCF, aiming to provide a foundation for a standardized management.

Objective:To study the effects of astragalus polysaccharide on the proliferation of osteoblasts and the effects of astraga-lus polysaccharide on bone repair in rabbits with apical periodontitis.Methods:CCK8 assay was used to detect of astragalus poly-saccharide on the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells.The expression of osteogenic marker factor BMP-2 and Runx-2 mRNA and pro-tein of MC3T3-E1 cells were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot respectively.The animal models of mandibular incisors with apical periodontitis in rabbits was established and verified by roentgenogram and HE staining.The repair ability of bone tissue was detected by roentgenogram.The expression of BMP-2 in the rabbit apical tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry.The results were compared between the treated and control rabbits(n=3).Results:Astragalus polysaccharide promoted cell proliferation after 24 h,48 h and 72 h exposure(P＜0.05).Roentgenogram and HE staining confirmed that the rabbit apical periodontitis was successfully constructed.The bone defect volume in the treated rabbits apical tissue was less and the expression of BMP-2 was high-er than that in the control rabbits(P＜0.05).Conclusion:Astragalus polysaccharide promotes the proliferation ability of osteoblasts and promotes the bone repair of rabbits with apical periodontitis.

Vertebral refracture following percutaneous vertebral augmentation (PVA) is commonly seen in elderly patients with osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fractures (OTLCF). It can lead to recurrent pain, loss of vertebral height, progression of kyphosis, and even neurological dysfunction, significantly impairing patients′ quality of life. Current diagnosis and treatment face multiple challenges, including high misdiagnosis rate, difficulty in choosing between surgical and non-surgical treatment options, lack of standardized surgical protocols, interference from intralesional bone cement during procedures, inadequate stability of internal fixation in osteoporotic bone, and suboptimal compliance of anti-osteoporotic therapy. Establishing a standardized diagnostic and therapeutic framework is urgently needed. To standardize the management process and improve outcomes for vertebral refractures after PVA in elderly OTLCF patients, Spinal Trauma Group of the Orthopedic Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association organized experts in the field to develop Guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of vertebral refracture after percutaneous vertebral augmentation in elderly patients with osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fractures ( version 2025), based on current literature and clinical experience, and adhering to principles of scientific rigor and clinical applicability. A total of 11 recommendations were proposed, encompassing diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of vertebral refracture after PVA in elderly patients with OTLCF, aiming to provide a foundation for a standardized management.

Objective This study analyzes the risk points in the quality control of bioink and the main processes of bioprinting,clarifies and explores the quality control and supervision model for bioprinting medical devices,and provides theoretical and practical guidance to ensure the safety and effectiveness of bioprinting medical devices.Methods The quality control risk points throughout the bioprinting process were comprehensively analyzed,with a particular focus on bioprinting materials and key processes.The regulatory model and methods for bioprinting medical devices were examined.This research concentrated on critical technologies such as extrusion,laser-assisted,and in situ bioprinting,assessing their potential for clinical applications and regulatory challenges.Results Bioink from different sources should meet regulatory requirements.It is essential to ensure aseptic handling of raw materials and to validate sterilization under"worst-case"conditions.Conclusion As bioprinting technology advances rapidly,corresponding research into materials,processes,and quality risk control should be conducted to ensure the concurrent development of the regulatory system.This will continuously contribute to the orderly progression of the entire industry and human health.

Objective:To analyze the incidence and epidemiological characteristics of traumatic spinal cord injury in China in 2018.Methods:Multi-stage stratified cluster sampling was used to randomly select hospitals capable of treating patients with spinal cord injury from 3 regions，9 provinces and 27 cities in China to retrospectively investigate eligible patients with traumatic spinal cord injury admitted in 2018. National and regional incidence rates were calculated. The data of cause of injury，injury level，severity of injury，segment and type of fracture，complications，death and other data were collected by medical record questionnaire，and analyzed according to geographical region，age and gender.Results:Medical records of 4，134 patients were included in this study，with a male-to-female ratio of 2.99∶1. The incidence of traumatic spinal cord injury in China in 2018 was 50.484 / 1 million （95% CI 50.122-50.846）. The highest incidence in the Eastern region was 53.791 / 1 million （95% CI 53.217-54.365）. In the whole country，the main causes of injury were high falls （29.58%），as well as in the Western region （40.68%），while the main causes of injury in the Eastern and Central regions were traffic injuries （31.22%，30.10%）. The main injury level was cervical spinal cord in the whole country （64.49%），and the proportion of cervical spinal cord injury in the Central region was the highest （74.68%），and the proportion of lumbosacral spinal cord injury in the Western region was the highest （32.30%）. The highest proportion of degree of injury was incomplete quadriplegia （55.20%），and the distribution pattern was the same in each region. A total of 65.87% of the patients were complicated with fracture or dislocation，77.95% in the Western region and only 54.77% in the Central region. In the whole country，the head was the main combined injury （37.87%），as well as in the Eastern and Central regions，while the proportion of chest combined injury in the Western region was the highest （38.57%）. A total of 32.90% of the patients were complicated with respiratory complications. There were 23 patients （0.56%） died in hospital，of which 17（73.91%） died of respiratory dysfunction. Conclusions:The Eastern region of China has a high incidence of traumatic spinal cord injury. Other epidemiological features include high fall as the main cause of injury cervical spinal cord injury as the main injury level，incomplete quadriplegia as the main degree of injury，head as the main combined injury，and respiratory complications as the main complication.

Objective To compare and analyze the dosimetric discrepancy of combind intracavitary/interstitial brachytherapy using three different kinds of optimization method in locally advanced cervical cancer.Methods Totally 20 cases of locally advanced cervical cancer were selected and divided into three groups according to different optimization method which include manual optimization group (MO) based on graphical optimization,inverse planning simulated annealing (IPSA 1)based on simulated annealing optimization algorithm,IPSA 2 based on IPSA 1 with limitation on maximum dose of target.The dose volume histogram parameters of the targets (V200,V150,V100,D100,D90,HI) and the OARs(D0.1 cm3,D1 cm3 and D2 cm3) were analyzed.Results For CTV,compared with MO,there was no significantly statistical difference in D100between IPSA 1 and IPSA 2(P ＞ 0.05).However,V200,V150,V100 and HI for ISPA1 were better than for ISPA2 (t =-3.422-9.910,P ＜ 0.05).In addition,V100 and D100 in ISPA1 were better than in ISPA2 (t =7.238,5.032,P ＜0.05).For OARs,D0.1 cm3,D1 cm3 and D2 cm3 in rectum,bladder,sigmoid colon of both ISPA 1 and ISPA 2 were dramatically lower than those of MO (t =2.235 5.819,P ＜ 0.05),without significantly statistical difference found between ISPA1 and ISPA2.Conclusions For combined intracavitary/interstitial brachytherapy in locally advanced cervical cancer,all treatment plans based on three different kinds of optimization methods can meet the clinical need.Moreover,inverse optimization can ensure dose coverage over target and reduce maximum dose of rectum,bladder and sigmoid colon.