ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of Bairui Granules （百蕊颗粒） in the treatment of acute pharyngitis with wind-heat syndrome. MethodsA multicenter， double-blind， double-simulation， randomised controlled trial was conducted， in which 162 patients with acute pharyngitis and wind-heat syndrome from 7 centers were recruited， and each center was divided into trial group and control group on the ratio of 2∶1. In the trial group， 108 cases were orally administered with Bairui Granules plus Reyanning Granules （热炎宁颗粒） simulant， and in the control group， 54 cases were orally administered with Reyanning Granules plus Bairui Granules simulant for 5 days， with a follow-up visit on the 6th day. Full analysis set （FAS） analysis and per protocol set （PPS） were used for analysis， respectively. The primary efficacy index was the disappearance rate of sore throat after 5-day treatment； the secondary efficacy indexes were the disappearance rate of sore throat after 3-day treatment， as well as the visual analogue score （VAS） of sore throat before treatment， every day during the treatment， and follow-up on day 6， and the traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome score was performed before treatment and at the follow-up on day 6. The effectiveness on TCM syndrome was evaluated at the follow-up on day 6， and the changes of vital signs， blood routine， urine routine， liver functions， kidney function， the adverse events before and after the treatment were recorded， and safety analysis set （SS） was analysed. Results162 patients entered the FAS and SS analyses， and 158 cases （105 cases in the trial group and 53 cases in the control group） entered the PPS analysis. FAS analysis showed that the disappearance rate of sore throat after 5-day treatment was 80.56% （87/108） in the trial group and 64.81% （35/54） in the control group， and the difference between groups was statistically significant （χ² = 5.10， P = 0.0239）. PPS analysis showed that the disappearance rate of sore throat after 5-day treatment was 80.00% （84/105） in the trial group and 64.15% （34/53） in the control group， and the difference between groups was statistically significant （χ² =4.85， P = 0.0277）. FAS and SS analyses both showed that the difference in disappearance rate of sore throat between groups on 3-day treatment was not statistically significant （P＞0.05）. Compared with those before treatment， the VAS scores of sore throat were lower in both groups during treatment on day 2， 3， 4， 5， and follow-up on day 6 （P＜0.01）， but the difference between groups at each time point was not statistically significant （P＞0.05）. TCM syndrome scores of both groups at the follow-up were lower than that before treatment， and those of the trial group were lower than those of the control group （P＜0.01）. The cure rate and effective rate of TCM syndrome of the trial group were significantly higher than those of the control group （P＜0.01）. There was no significant difference in blood routine， urine routine， liver function， kidney function between groups before and after treatment （P＞0.05）， and no serious adverse events occured in both groups. ConclusionBairui Granules showed clinical effectiveness in the treatment of acute pharyngitis of wind-heat syndrome， and it could significantly improve the clinical symptoms， accelerate the disappearance time of sore throat with good safety.

Objective:To explore the effect of probiotics Lactiplantibacillus plantarum(LP) WCFS1 by gavage on acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) and associated ileum injury in mice. Methods:Twenty-four healthy male mice were gavaged with broad-spectrum antibiotics for 3 weeks to establish microbiota-depleted mice, and then randomly divided into control group (CON), ANP model group (ANP), LP gavage group (LP) and LP gavage and ANP induced group (LP+ ANP) , with 6 mice in each group. Mice in LP and LP+ ANP group were treated by gavage of LP (1×10 9 CFU/ml, 0.2 ml/day per mouse) for 1 week, while CON and ANP were gavaged with sterile phosphate buffered saline for 1 week instead. The ANP model was induced by intraperitoneal injection with caerulein (100 μg/kg) for 10 times with 1-hour interval between two injections and the 10th injection with lipopolysaccharide(LPS) 5 mg/kg intraperitoneally, and the mice were sacrificed 2 h later. Levels of LP in stool and ileal mucosa were detected by real-time PCR; the pancreas and ileum were collected for pathological examination to observe the extent of tissue inflammation and to score the pathology. Serum amylase activities were determined by enzymatic kinetic chemistry; serum inflammators levels and intestinal permeability were detected by ELISA; levels of inflammators in pancreatic and ileal tissues were detected by real-time PCR; ileal tight-junction proteins (occludin, claudin-1 and ZO-1) were measured by immunofluorescence staining. Results:LP levels in the stool and ileal mucosa of mice were significantly increased after LP gavage, and the differences were statistically significant (913.30±39.12 vs 2.39±1.39, 23.11±0.50 vs 1.38±0.28, all P value <0.05). The pathological scores of pancreatic tissue of CON, LP, ANP and LP+ ANP group were (0.26±0.41), (0.17±0.26), (8.55±0.46) and (6.30±0.45); the serum amylase activities were (219.70±19.73), (217.60±11.30), (2896.24±98.32) and (1837.13±131.60)U/L, IL-1β were (0.87±0.28), (1.4±0.85), (67.41±6.45) and (36.33±5.65)pg/ml, IL-6 were (0.74±0.27), (0.16±0.16), (280586.12±39163.92) and (107912.75±31283.47)pg/ml, IL-10 were (35.52±5.27), (50.99±15.34), (2008.45±184.83) and (3070.35±403.71)pg/ml; the expression level of pancreatic IL-1β mRNA was 1.42±0.39, 0.95±25, 20.53±0.50 and 10.69±1.01, IL-6 mRNA was 1.31±0.44, 0.93±0.023, 21.97±1.71 and 11.54±1.75, IL-10 mRNA was 0.93±0.14, 0.75±0.15, 0.99±0.21 and 1.76±0.19; there was no significant difference between LP and CON group, and pancreatic pathological scores, serum amylase、IL-1β and IL-6 levels, and the expression level of pancreatic IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA were significantly decreased in LP+ ANP group compared with those in ANP group, while serum IL-10 levels and the expression level of pancreatic IL-10 mRNA were significantly increased compared with ANP group, and all the differences were statistically significant (all P values <0.05). The pathological scores of ileal tissue of CON, LP, ANP and LP+ ANP group were 0, 0, (3.17±0.41) and (1.67±0.52); the levels of serum DAO of CON, LP, ANP and LP+ ANP group were (0.03±0.03), (0.02±0.02), (0.50±0.05) and (0.49±0.06)ng/ml; LPS levels were (2.75±0.35), (3.74±0.28), (7.19±0.92) and (5.88±0.38)ng/ml; the expression level of ileal IL-1β mRNA was 1.21±0.20, 1.17±0.09, 1.81±0.25 and 1.63±0.21; IL-6 mRNA was 1.01±0.29, 2.83±0.42, 54.45±8.50 and 16.87±4.42; IL-10 mRNA was 1.12±0.41, 6.09±2.51, 11.65±1.47 and 29.86±2.93. There was no significant difference between LP and CON group, except that the ileal IL-10 mRNA expression was significantly higher than that of CON group. Ileal pathological scores, serum LPS levels and the expression level of ileal IL-6 mRNA were significantly lower in LP+ ANP group than those in ANP group, while the expression level of ileal IL-10 mRNA was significantly higher than that of ANP group; the expression of ileal tight junction proteins (ocludin, claudin-1, ZO-1) was significantly higher than those in ANP group, and all the differences were statistically significant (all P values <0.05). Conclusions:LP WCFS1 gavage could ameliorate the injury of pancreatic and ileal barrier in caerulein-induced ANP mice.

Objective:To analyze the change of differential genes and signaling pathways in high glucose induced BV2 cells, and to explore the mechanism of transgelin-2 (TAGLN2) regulating cellular inflammatory response and metabolic process.Methods:An experimental study. The cultured BV2 cells were divided into mannitol treatment (Man) group, glucose treatment (Glu) group, overexpression control Glu treatment (Con) group, overexpression TAGLN2 Glu treatment group, silence control Glu treatment (shCon Glu) group, and silence TAGLN2 Glu treatment (shTAGLN2 Glu) group. Cells in the Man group were cultured in modified Eagle high glucose medium (DMEM) containing 25 mmol/L mannitol and 25 mmol/L glucose, cells in other groups (Glu group, Con Glu group, TAGLN2 Glu group, shCon Glu group and shTAGLN2 Glu group) were cultured in DMEM medium containing 50 mmol/L glucose. After 24 hours of cells culture, transcriptome sequencing of cells in each group were performed using high-throughput sequencing technology, and significantly differentially expressed genes (DEG) were screened. |log 2 (fold change)|≥1 and P≤0.05 were adopted as criteria to screen for DEG. Gene Ontology (GO) function enrichment analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction network analysis were performed. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the relative expression level of DEG mRNA. The data between groups were compared by independent sample t-test. Results:When compared with Man group, a total of 517 differentially expressed genes were screened in Glu group, which including 277 up-regulated genes and 240 down-regulated genes. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that the up-regulated genes were significantly enriched in immune system processes such as nuclear factor (NF)-κB signal pathway, Jak-signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) signal pathway, while down-regulated genes were significantly enriched in glycosaminoglycan degradation and glyceride metabolic pathway. Compared with Con Glu group, a total of 480 DEG were screened in TAGLN2 Glu group, among which 147 up-regulated and 333 down-regulated genes were detected. Up-regulated genes were significantly enriched in the metabolic processes of fatty acid, glyceride and pyruvate, while down-regulated genes were significantly enriched in immune system processes such as NF-κB signal pathway, Jak-STAT signal pathway and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signal pathway. Compared with shCon Glu group, a total of 582 DEG were screened in shTAGLN2 Glu group, among which 423 up-regulated and 159 down-regulated genes were detected. Up-regulated DEG were significantly enriched in immune system processes such as TNF signal pathway and chemokine signal pathway, while down-regulated DEG were significantly enriched in pattern recognition receptor signal pathway. RT-PCR results showed that the relative expression levels of DEG mRNA Card11 ( t=13.530), Icos ( t=3.482), Chst3 ( t=6.949), Kynu ( t=5.399), interleukin (IL)-1β ( t=2.960), TNF-α ( t=5.800), IL-6 ( t=3.130), interferon-γ ( t=7.690) and IL-17 ( t=6.530) in the TAGLN2 Glu treatment group were decreased significantly compared with Con Glu group, and the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion:TAGLN2 can inhibit glucose induced microglia inflammation by NF-κB and Jak-STAT signaling pathways, Card11, Icos, Chst3 and Kynu play an important role in the anti-inflammatory process of TAGLN2.

Objective:To analyze differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and the changes of signal pathways in human retinal pigment epithelium cells (ARPE-19) under hypoxic and normoxic conditions and to explore the biological mechanism of hypoxia-induced ARPE-19 cell damage via transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) and bioinformatics technology.Methods:The ARPE-19 cells were divided into the hypoxia treatment group and the normoxia control group treated with 1% and 21% O 2 by volume for 8, 24, 48, 72 hours, respectively.The relative expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) mRNA were detected with real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR at different time points.RNA-seq and bioinformatics analysis were performed at 8 hours and 24 hours after hypoxia and normoxia treatment.DEGs were screened out under the conditions of |log 2FC|≥1 and P≤0.05.Then the cluster heat map analysis, Gene Ontology (GO) functional enrichment analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction network analysis were also carried out.Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was employed at 24 hours after hypoxia to detect the relative mRNA expression of genes that might be related to hypoxia in DEGs.Cell viability kit was used to verify and compare the damage effect of hypoxia on ARPE-19 cells at different time points between the two groups. Results:The relative mRNA expression levels of VEGF at 8, 24, 48 and 72 hours after hypoxia treatment and the relative HIF-1α mRNA expression levels at 8, 24 and 48 hours after hypoxia treatment were significantly higher than those of the normoxia control group (all at P<0.05). There were large differences in the mRNA expression levels at 8-hour and 24-hour treatment between the two groups.A total of 62 significant DEGs were screened between the hypoxia treatment group and the normoxia control group after 8-hour hypoxia treatment, among which 45 genes were significantly up-regulated and 17 genes were significantly down-regulated.A total of 255 significant DEGs were screened out between the hypoxia treatment group and the normoxia control group after 24-hour hypoxia treatment, among which 228 genes were significantly up-regulated and 27 genes were significantly down-regulated.The GO functional analysis of DEGs was mainly enriched in processes such as protein degradation, nucleotide biosynthesis, and material transport.KEGG pathway analysis was mainly enriched in PI3K-Akt, cGMP-PKG, and other signaling pathways closely related to metabolism, cell cycle, cell growth, and apoptosis.The core genes HPCA, MT3 and NOS3 were found by protein-protein interaction network analysis.Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR test results showed that after 24-hour hypoxia treatment, the mRNA expression levels of hypoxia related genes DEPP1, NPPB, PDZK1, HILPDA, TCEA3, NDRG1 and RORC in ARPE-19 cells were significantly increased and the mRNA expression levels of TFRC and NQO1 were significantly decreased (all at P<0.05). The cell morphology was normal and the growth state was good without dead cells after 8-hour and 24-hour hypoxia treatment in ARPE-19 cells.There were dead cells after 48-hour hypoxia treatment, and the number of dead cells was increased at 72 hours after hypoxia treatment. Conclusions:The PI3K-Akt and cGMP-PKG signaling pathways related to metabolism may be involved in hypoxia-induced injury of ARPE-19 cells.Core genes of HPCA, MT3 and NOS3 can be used as functional target genes and play key roles in hypoxia response of cells.

Objective:To analyze the early changes of gene expression levels and signaling pathways in 661W cell line under hypoxic conditions and to find potential functional target genes.Methods:The cultured mouse 661W cells were divided into hypoxia treatment group and normoxia control group. Cells in the hypoxia treatment group were cultured in a three-gas incubator with volume fraction of 1% and 5% CO 2 at 37 ℃. Cells in the normoxia control group were cultured in an incubator at 37 ℃ with volume fraction of 5% CO 2. High-throughput sequencing technology was used to sequence the transcriptome of 661W cell treated with hypoxia and normoxia for 4 hours to screen for differentially expressed genes (DEG). Clustering heat map analysis, gene ontology (GO) functional enrichment analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction network (PPI) analysis were performed. The reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to verify the accuracy of the sequencing results. Results:A total of 506 differentially expressed genes were screened, including 459 up-regulated genes and 47 down-regulated genes. GO functional enrichment analysis showed that the main biological processes of DEG were the cell's response to hypoxia, glycolysis, negative regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis. hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α pathway, glycolysis, Forkhead box O (FoxO) pathway, Insulin signaling pathway and Adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway were involved in the above process. PPI analysis results showed that hub genes related to hypoxia were Aldoa, Aldoc, Gpi1, Hk2, Hk1, Pfkl, Pfkp, Vhl, Fbxo10 and Fbxo27. The RT-PCR results showed that the relative expression levels of 15 DEG mRNA in the hypoxic treatment group were higher than that of the normoxic control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). The mRNA expression levels of N-myc downstream-regulated gene-1 ( Ndrg1 ), Mt1, and vascular endothelial growth factor A ( VEGFA) were time-dependent on hypoxia. Conclusions:Under hypoxia, DEG is mainly related to glucose metabolism, cell response to hypoxia, regulation of proliferation and apoptosis. HIF-1α pathway, glycolysis, FoxO pathway and AMPK pathway are involved in the early changes of 661W cells under hypoxia. Aldoa, Aldoc, Gpi1, Hk2, Hk1, Pfkl, Pfkp, Vhl, Fbxo10, Fbxo27 may play key roles in the response of 661W cells to hypoxia. Ndrg1, Mt1 and VEGFA could be potential functional target genes for the study of ischemia and hypoxia-related fundus diseases.

Objective To explore the effects of the interfacial debonding caused by water environment in the mouth and the interfacial defects between the crown and cement on stress distributions in all-ceramic crowns. Methods The three-dimensional solid model of lithium disilicate CAD/CAM crowns for the first mandibular molar was established. Seven debonding states between inferior surface of the crown and top surface of the cement (Stage 1-7) as well as two interfacial defects (Case I and II) were defined in finite element software ABAQUS. The bottom of nine models was completely constrained. For stress calculation, the 600 N vertical load was applied at occlusal surface via an analytical rigid hemisphere with the diameter of 5 mm. Results Under occlusal vertical load, the stress on interior of the crown and top surface of the cement was mainly distributed at the boundary of the debonding areas and margin of the defects. The first principle stress on interior of the crown did not exceed its ultimate tensile strength, but the maximum tensile stress of the cement exceeded its ultimate tensile strength, leading to cohesive failure in the cement. Conclusions The axial wall played a critical role in maintaining the principal tensile stress of the crown at a lower level. The defects at bonding interface between the crown and cement had a more significantly impact on load capacity of the crown than the increase in debonding areas. In order to improve load bearing capacities of all-ceramic crowns, attention should be paid to avoid defects in clinical prosthodontic practices.

Objective To investigate the rehabilitation needs and technical support for people with disabilities in rural areas. Methods From October, 2017 to February, 2018, 800 persons with disabilities, aged five to 80 years, from 23 villages in five township, Xi'an, Shaanxi, were surveyed with self-designed questionnaire and interview, including the basic situation, disability and training plan, rehabilitation support and skills maintained. Results The persons were mainly aged 50 to 80 years (58.37%), male (65.37%), accepting middle school education or less (46.63%), married (70.63%), living with their family (77.38%), income less than 2000 Yuan (66%), mainly from their family labor (62.62%). Their disabilities were mainly of grade 3 (40.63%), from hemiplegia (30.63%), dependence in living (45.38%), and no systematic rehabilitation program (55.25%). Most of them needed rehabilitation of self-care (40%), accessible guidance (30.63%) and reimbursement from medicare of Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme (50.63%), and hoped to participate social activities (41.87%). The rehabilitation supports were as that: the rehabilitation services were mobile or none (67.58%), the guiders of rehabilitation were few or none (48.88%), knew some or less rehabilitation knowledge (64.25%), the professionals accepted no continue education training (40%).Conclusion It is important to improve the rehabilitation technical support system for rural people with disabilities.

Objective To explore the efficacy of self-made adjustable tracheal cannula in obese patients with tracheotomy. Methods A corresponding model of tracheal cannula was taken and cut with a length of 16 cm. It is noted that the inflation catheter of the airbag should not be broken. A further trim was done along the longitudinal side of the inflation catheter. The inflation catheter was retained. A rubber cork from a nutrient solution bottle was chosen, and a hole was trimmed with the same length of the diameter of the tracheal cannula, through which the tracheal cannula was put. A disposal oxygen mask was trimmed into two wings like a butterfly, the middle of which was made into a hole with the same length of the diameter of the tracheal cannula. Two rectangular holes were made on the two wings in order to fit the rubber cork. The fixed wings of and rubber cork were put together through sutures. The other end of the tracheal cannula was cut and put on a connector and sterilized with ethylene oxide in the supply room. The intraoperative method was the same as the conventional tracheotomy. After the cannula was inserted, the length of the cannula was adjusted by moving the rubber cork up and down according to the obesity of the patient′s neck. Results Compared with regular tracheal cannula, the self-made adjustable tracheal cannula could be easily inserted into the trachea of patients no matter how obese their necks were. It could be connected to ventilator, keep patient′s airway clear and effectively drain phlegm. No slippage was observed in our practice. It was simple, accessible and lower in cost. Conclusions The application of self-made adjustable tracheal cannula in obese patients with tracheotomy can meet the clinical therapeutic needs, and it also proves to be affordable for patients.

Objective To Analyze the expression profiles of LncRNAs and mRNAs in ovarian epithelial cancer cell lines by gene mi-croarray, and then provide experimental evidences for investigating the function of LncRNAs associated with ovarian cancer. Methods The differentially expressed LncRNAs and mRNAs in ovarian epithelial cancer cell lines, such as A2780, HO8910 and SKOV3, and ovarian epithelial cell line HOSEpiC were analyzed by gene microarray. The differentially expressed mRNAs were further performed the KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. The expression levels of six candidate LncRNAs, which had significant difference between the o-varian epithelial cancer cell line and the ovarian epithelial cell line, were further verified by qRT-PCR. Results There were 227 up-regulated LncRNAs and 483 down-regulated LncRNAs in A2780, HO8910 and SKOV3 cell lines. The differentially expressed mRNAs in A2780, HO8910 and SKOV3 cell lines were mainly enriched in the tumor-related pathways such as PI3K-AKT, mTOR and TNF-α( P<0.05) . The expression levels of PTPRG-AS1, CCNT2-AS1, XLOC 009869 and LINC01138 in ovarian epithelial cancer A2780, SKOV3 and OVCR3 cell lines were up-regulated (P<0.05), while those of RP11-252P19.2 and RP11-744I24.2 in ovarian epithelial cancer A2780, SKOV3, OVCR3 and 3AO cell lines were down-regulated ( P<0.05) . Conclusion The differentially expressed LncR-NAs and mRNAs in ovarian epithelial cancer cell lines may be obtained by gene microarray, and the differentially expressed mRNAs are associated with the tumor-related pathways such as PI3K-AKT, mTOR and TNF-α, which may provide new targets for the diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer.

Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological ; immunology ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; GPI-Linked Proteins ; antagonists & inhibitors ; immunology ; Humans ; Neoplasm Proteins ; analysis ; immunology ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; immunology ; pathology