Objective In the present study, we investigated the effects of advanced oxidation protein products(AOPP) on reactive oxygen species(ROS) production in murine osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells by NADPH oxidase enzymes pathway. Methods Experiments were divided into three groups, including control group, rats albumin(RSA) group, and AOPP group. Different concentrations of AOPP were added to the osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells culture medium. The production of ROS in MC3T3-E1 cells was measured by the fluorescence intensity of intracellular fluoroprobe ( DCFD ) . In order to verify the effect of enzyme of the production of ROS, the specific inhibitors of corresponding enzymes were added in the MC3T3-E1 cells which were cultured in the medium with AOPP. Finally, western blot and immunofluorescence were used to observe the changes of NADPH oxidase enzymes subunits. Results Different concentrations of AOPP (50,100,200μg/ml) induced MC3T3-E1 cells to produce different amount of ROS. The higher concentrations of AOPP were added, the more ROS were produced. Furthermore,200μg/ml AOPP induced the maximum amount of ROS production(P<0. 05). Meanwhile, AOPP induced MC3T3-E1 cells to produce different amount of ROS with a time-dependent manner. The peak amount of ROS production in MC3T3-E1 cells was observed in 3h when AOPP were added (P<0. 05). In addition, when specific inhibitors of corresponding enzymes were added in the MC3T3-E1 cells, the production of ROS were significantly suppressed by C-SOD, DPI, and apocynin(P<0. 05). On the other hand, AOPP can up-regulate the expression of Nox4 protein of the MC3T3-E1 cells, which is one of the subunits of NADPH oxidase enzymes. Meanwhile, AOPP can also induce the membrane migration of p47phox subunit. Conclusion AOPP induces osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells to produce ROS by NADPH oxidase enzymes pathway, and which may be one of the pathogenesis of AOPP involved in osteoporosis.

Objective To study the clinical effects of retroperitoneal laparoscopy renal cyst unroofing combined with percutaneous nephrolithotomy for patients with renal cyst complicated with upper renal or ureteral calculi. Methods 50 patients with renal cyst complicated with upper renal or ureteral calculi who were diagnosed and treated in our hospital from September 2012 to September 2014 were selected. They were equally assigned to two groups. 25 patients in the control group were given the treatment of open surgery, and 25 patients in the observation group were given the treat-ment of retroperitoneal laparoscopy renal cyst unroofing combined with percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Amount of bleeding during the surgery, surgery time, postoperative recovery time of gastrointestinal functions, postoperative hospi-talization time, postoperative exercise time, calculi clearance rate, relapse rate of calculi or cyst, incidence rate of complications, VAS and other indices between the two groups were compared. Results Amount of bleeding during surgery, surgery time, postoperative recovery time of gastrointestinal functions, postoperative hospitalization time, post-operative exercise time and VAS in the observation group were all significantly lower than those in the control group, (P<0.05); calculi clearance rate in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05);selected patients were re-examined after three months, and calculi relapse rate and cyst relapse rate in the observation group were both lower than those in the control group, but the differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Incidence rate of infections in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Retroperitoneal laparoscopy renal cyst unroofing combined with percutaneous nephrolithotomy for patients with renal cyst complicated with upper renal or ureteral calculi has various advantages of less trauma, less amount of bleeding during surgery, less pain after surgery, higher clearance rate of cyst and calculi and lower relapse rate, which is worthy of clinical promotion and application.