Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a chronic hematologic disorder characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis, dysplasia of one or more cell lines with or without definite genetic changes. Its diagnosis requires a comprehensive analysis combining morphology, immunology, cytogenetics, and molecular biology findings. In recent years, the development of second-generation sequencing (NGS) has provided great assistance in exploring the molecular pathogenesis of hematological malignancies and guidance for clinical practice. Mutations of a series of gene involved in RNA splicing, DNA methylation, transcriptional regulation, signal transduction, chromatin modification and cohesin complex have been identified as important mechanisms for the development of MDS, among which some mutations have been found to play important roles in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of MDS. This article has provided a comprehensive review the the common molecular genetic abnormalities involved in MDS.
Humans ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes/diagnosis* ; Mutation ; DNA Methylation ; RNA Splicing ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing

The research and development of innovative drug have progressed remarkably, but the long development circle and high failure rate have become the bottleneck. Drug repurposing, discovering new indications of approved drugs, is a strategy to overcome these obstacles. By exploring new indications for approved drugs, rapid progress has been made in basic research and clinical translation in recent years. Rich resources of drugs, proven security, efficient development workflow and reduced cost are core advantages of this strategy, making the strategy a crucial direction of optimizing the pipeline of drug research and development. This review systematically summarizes drug repurposing cases that have received clinical approval over the past five years, and proposes core strategies for drug repurposing, including approaches based on targets, pathways, drug similarity, post-treatment phenotypes, and clinical side effects, aiming to provide some strategic guidance for drug repurposing efforts.

Objective To investigate the cluster spectrum and functional-associated mutation characteristics of the neuraminidase (NA) gene of A (H3N2) viruses in Tangshan, Hebei Province from 2010 to 2024. Methods A total of 30 influenza A (H3N2) virus strains in Tangshan from 2010 to 2024 were selected, which was based on the seasonal distribution of influenza sample collection. Phylogenetic tree of NA gene was constructed, and BioEdit was used for alignments of amino acid sequences to identify variations on functional-associated sites. Homologous models for B.4.3 subgroup and A/Darwin/9/2021 were constructed to analyze the conformational variation at mutation sites. Results From 2010-2024, influenza A (H3N2) virus strains in Tangshan, Hebei were divided into eight branches: A, A.2, A.2.1, A.2.2, B, B.1.1, B.4, and B.4.3. The strains in subgroups B, B.4 and B.4.3 appeared from 2023 to 2024. The NA protein antigen epitopes, resistance sites, and potential glycosylation sites all had amino acid mutations. The homologous model analysis of NA functional-associated regions of B.4.3 subgroup and A/Darwin/9/2021 revealed spatial conformation changes in amino acid 83, 150 and 331, which could influence the functional performance of associated sites. Conclusion The NA gene of influenza A (H3N2) viruses in Tangshan continues to mutate at functional sites. Mutational analysis and structural modeling indicate potential antigenic drift and drug-resistant mutations. In the future, attention should be paid to the variation trend of epidemic strains under branch B.4.3.

To analyze the distribution of serotypes and antimicrobial resistance of clinical Salmonella isolates from multiple centers across China.

Objective:To investigate the active ingredients and targets of Compound Gastritis Mixture(CGM)in the treatment of chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG)by network pharmacology method,and to validate the potential mechanism combined with molecular docking technology and cellular experiments.Methods:The Traditional Chinese Medicine System Analysis Platform(TCMSP)and Swiss Target Prediction databases were used to select the herbal ingredients of CGM and the corresponding targets;the GeneCards and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man(OMIM)database were used to screen the targets of CAG;the common targets of CGM and CAG were analyzed from the Venny2.1.0 platform;STRING online platform was used to construct protein-protein interaction(PPI)networks for common drug-disease targets and screen the core targets.Cytoscape 3.9.1 software was used to construct the drug-disease-target network and screen the drug core components;Gene Ontology(GO)fuctional,Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)signaling pathway enrichment analysis were used to analyze the common targets of CGM and CAG;and AutoDock analysis software was used to perform molecular docking analysis of predicted main components of the drugs and core targets.The gastric mucosal epithelial cells GES-1 were induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS)to construct CAG cell model.The GES-1 cells were divided into blank group(10%serum complete medium),model group(10 mg·L-1 LPS),and different concentrations of CGM groups(50,100,200,400,800 and 1 600 g·L-1 CGM+10 mg·L-1 LPS),and cells were incubated for 12,24,and 48 h.The cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)assay was used to detect the proliferation activities of GES-1 cells.The GES-1 cells were divided into blank group(10%serum complete medium),model group(10 mg·L-1 LPS)and CGM group(1 600 g·L-1 CGM+10 mg·L-1 LPS).Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)method was used to detect the expression levels of interleukin(IL)-6,tumor necrosis factor(TNF),serine/threonine protein kinase 1(AKT1),IL-1β,and epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)mRNA in the cells in various groups.Results:A total of 198 ingredients of CGM were screened,and 128 common targets with CAG were identified.The main herbal ingredients of CGM in treatment of CAG were quercetin,kaempferol,and lluteolin,which mainly acted on the core targets of IL-6,TNF,AKT1,IL-1β,and EGFR.The GO function enrichment analysis results showed that the top 15 targets mainly focused on biological processes(BP)such as apoptosis,inflammatory response and cell proliferation,mainly included cellular components(CC)such as cytoplasm,cell surface and macromolecular complexes,and mainly exerted molecular functions(MF)such as proteins,enzymes and ubiquitin-protein ligases.A total of 158 pathways were obtained from KEGG signaling pathway enrichment analysis,mainly involved cancer-related pathways,TNF signaling pathways,viral infection,programmed cell death-ligand 1(PD-L1)/programmed cell death protein-1(PD-1)pathways,apoptosis,NOD-like receptor signaling pathways,Toll-like receptor signaling pathways,EGFR,and IL-17 signaling pathways.The binding energies of the core targets IL-6,TNF,IL-1β,AKT1,and EGFR with main herbal ingredients quercetin,kaempferol,and luteolin were<-5 kcal·mol-1.The CCK-8 assay results showed that compared with blank group,after 24 and 48 h of cell culture,the proliferation activities of the cells in model group were significantly decreased(P<0.01),and the inhibition of the proliferation activity was more obvious after 48 h;therefore,48 h was selected for the modeling time;compared with model group,the proliferation activities of cells in 800 and 1 600g·L-1 GCM groups were significantly decreased(P<0.01),and the promotion of cell proliferation activity was more obvious in 1 600g·L-1 GCM group,so the intervening concentration of this drug was selected for the subsequent experiments.The RT-qPCR method results showed that compared with blank group,the expression levels of IL-6,TNF,IL-1β,AKT1,and EGFR mRNA in the cells in model group were significantly increased(P<0.01);compared with model group,the expression levels of IL-6,IL-1β,AKT1 and EGFR mRNA in the cells in CGM group were significantly decreased(P<0.01).Conclusion:CGM may play a role in the prevention and treatment of CAG through multiple ingredients such as quercetin,kaempferol and lignocerol,acting on the multiple target proteins such as IL-6,TNF,AKT1,IL-1β,and EGFR,as well as involving a variety of"inflammatory-cancer-related"pathways.

Objective To systematically evaluate the incidence and influencing factors of axillary web syndrome(AWS)in postoperative breast cancer patients,and to provide evidence for reducing the incidence of axillary web syndrome.Methods A computer search was performed in China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),VIP,Wanfang,SinoMed,PubMed,Medline,Scopus,The Cochrane Library,Web of Science,Embase,searched for articles on AWS influencing factors of breast cancer published from the establishment of the database to January 6th,2025.The articles were screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Revman5.4 and Stata17.0 were used for systematic review.Results Fifteen studies involving 3979 breast cancer patients and 1 156 patients with AWS were included.The results of the Meta-analysis showed that there was significant statistical heterogeneity among the included studies(I2=97.0%,P<0.0001).Using the random effects model,the incidence of AWS was 32.2%[95%CI(0.24,0.40),P<0.0001].The influencing factors for AWS after breast cancer surgery are age,body mass index(BMI),total mastectomy,lymph node metastasis,and neoadjuvant chemotherapy.NAC),axillary lymph node dissection(ALND),and the number of harvested axillary lymph nodes.Conclusion The incidence of AWS after breast cancer surgery was high.Clinicians should give early nursing to the influencing factors,reduce the incidence of AWS and improve patients'quality of life after surgery.

The incidence of delayed chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting is relatively high among pediatric cancer patients. Nausea and vomiting symptoms can exacerbate physical and psychological burdens, potentially leading to aversion and reduced treatment adherence. This paper analyzes and summarizes delayed chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in pediatric cancer patients, covering overview, influencing factors, assessment tools, and non-pharmacological interventions, aiming to provide insights for clinical prevention and intervention strategies targeting delayed chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in pediatric patients.

The incidence of delayed chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting is relatively high among pediatric cancer patients. Nausea and vomiting symptoms can exacerbate physical and psychological burdens, potentially leading to aversion and reduced treatment adherence. This paper analyzes and summarizes delayed chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in pediatric cancer patients, covering overview, influencing factors, assessment tools, and non-pharmacological interventions, aiming to provide insights for clinical prevention and intervention strategies targeting delayed chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in pediatric patients.

Objective To observe the efficacy of occlusive dressing therapy combined with infra-red lamp irradiation on skin lesions in patients with synovitis-acne-pustulosis-hyperostosis-osteomyeli-tis(SAPHO)syndrome.Methods A total of 52 patients with SAPHO syndrome were selected as study subjects.They were randomly divided into control group and observation group using random number table method,with 26 patients in each group.The control group received conventional treat-ment,while the observation group received occlusive dressing therapy combined with infrared lamp ir-radiation on the basis of the control group.The skin lesion scores,Dermatology Life Quality Index(DLQI)scores,Self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS)scores,and Self-rating Depression Scale(SDS)scores of the two groups were compared.The clinical efficacy and adverse reactions of the two groups were also statistically analyzed.Results One and two months after treatment,the skin lesion scores of both groups were lower than those before treatment,and the scores in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05).After treatment,the DLQI,SAS,and SDS scores of both groups were lower than those before treatment,and the scores in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05).The total effective rate in the observation group was 96.15％,which was higher than 80.77％ in the control group(P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups(P＞0.05).Con-clusion Occlusive dressing therapy combined with infrared lamp irradiation can significantly improve the symptoms of skin lesions and the psychological state of patients with SAPHO syndrome,as well as enhance their quality of life and the therapeutic effect of the disease.