ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of Jianpi Qinghua granules on blood glucose fluctuations in patients with newly diagnosed overweight/obese type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM） and Qi-Yin deficiency syndrome from the perspective of skeletal muscle mass and function， while providing new insights for the treatment of diabetes. MethodsThis study employed a randomized， double-blind， placebo-controlled design. A total of 110 newly diagnosed overweight/obese T2DM patients meeting the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to either the traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） group （54 cases） or the control group （56 cases）. Patients in the TCM group received Jianpi Qinghua Granules， while those in the control group received a placebo. Both groups underwent dietary and exercise guidance. After 12 weeks of intervention， blood glucose fluctuations were assessed using the following parameters： time in the target blood glucose range （TIR）， mean daily blood glucose （MBG）， standard deviation of mean daily blood glucose （SDBG）， mean amplitude of glycemic excursions （MAGE）， coefficient of variation of blood glucose （CV）， glycated hemoglobin （HbA1c） achievement rate， fasting plasma glucose （FPG）， and 2 hour postprandial glucose （2 hPG）. Skeletal muscle mass was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry （DXA）， while skeletal muscle function was evaluated using a handheld dynamometer for distal muscle strength and a 5-time sit-to-stand test for lower limb function. Additionally， pancreatic islet function and TCM syndrome scores were analyzed. ResultsNo significant differences were observed in baseline data between the two groups before intervention， ensuring comparability. After treatment， compared to the control group， the TCM group showed a significant increase in TIR （P<0.01）. While the SDBG and CV decreased， and MBG and MAGE increased in the TCM group， these differences were not statistically significant. Notably， the TCM group exhibited significant reductions in 2 hPG （P<0.01） and HbA1c （P<0.05）， though the decrease in FPG was not statistically significant. The HbA1c achievement rate in the TCM group was significantly higher than that in the control group （χ²=45.498， P<0.01）. In terms of skeletal muscle mass and function， the TCM group demonstrated a significant increase in handgrip strength （P<0.01） and a significant reduction in the 5-time sit-to-stand duration （P<0.05）. However， although body fat percentage increased， leading to a decrease in skeletal muscle mass and the ratio of skeletal muscle to fat， these changes were not statistically significant. For pancreatic islet function， the TCM group showed significant reductions in fasting insulin （FINS） and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance （HOMA-IR） （P<0.01）. Additionally， the TCM syndrome score in the TCM group was significantly reduced （P<0.01）. ConclusionJianpi Qinghua granules may reduce blood glucose fluctuations in newly diagnosed overweight/obese T2DM patients with Qi-Yin deficiency syndrome by enhancing skeletal muscle function， improving pancreatic islet function， and ameliorating related TCM syndromes.

The incidence of delayed chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting is relatively high among pediatric cancer patients. Nausea and vomiting symptoms can exacerbate physical and psychological burdens, potentially leading to aversion and reduced treatment adherence. This paper analyzes and summarizes delayed chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in pediatric cancer patients, covering overview, influencing factors, assessment tools, and non-pharmacological interventions, aiming to provide insights for clinical prevention and intervention strategies targeting delayed chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in pediatric patients.

Diabetes is a chronic disease that requires lifelong medication and long-term management. The longer the duration of the disease, the more likely it is to lead to progressive chronic complications affecting the eyes, kidneys, nervous system, and cardiovascular system. These complications may result in gradual functional decline or even organ failure, and may also trigger severe acute metabolic disorders. The cumulative financial burden on patients and their families can be substantial, giving rise to what is known as financial toxicity, which in turn may negatively affect patients' health outcomes. This review comprehensively explores the concept of financial toxicity in diabetic patients, including its assessment tools, influencing factors, and coping strategies. It also offers targeted suggestions aimed at informing the development of more scientific and effective systemic interventions, with the ultimate goal of improving treatment outcomes and quality of life for individuals living with diabetes.

Objective To systematically evaluate the incidence and influencing factors of axillary web syndrome(AWS)in postoperative breast cancer patients,and to provide evidence for reducing the incidence of axillary web syndrome.Methods A computer search was performed in China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),VIP,Wanfang,SinoMed,PubMed,Medline,Scopus,The Cochrane Library,Web of Science,Embase,searched for articles on AWS influencing factors of breast cancer published from the establishment of the database to January 6th,2025.The articles were screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Revman5.4 and Stata17.0 were used for systematic review.Results Fifteen studies involving 3979 breast cancer patients and 1 156 patients with AWS were included.The results of the Meta-analysis showed that there was significant statistical heterogeneity among the included studies(I2=97.0%,P<0.0001).Using the random effects model,the incidence of AWS was 32.2%[95%CI(0.24,0.40),P<0.0001].The influencing factors for AWS after breast cancer surgery are age,body mass index(BMI),total mastectomy,lymph node metastasis,and neoadjuvant chemotherapy.NAC),axillary lymph node dissection(ALND),and the number of harvested axillary lymph nodes.Conclusion The incidence of AWS after breast cancer surgery was high.Clinicians should give early nursing to the influencing factors,reduce the incidence of AWS and improve patients'quality of life after surgery.

Objective To systematically evaluate the incidence and influencing factors of axillary web syndrome(AWS)in postoperative breast cancer patients,and to provide evidence for reducing the incidence of axillary web syndrome.Methods A computer search was performed in China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),VIP,Wanfang,SinoMed,PubMed,Medline,Scopus,The Cochrane Library,Web of Science,Embase,searched for articles on AWS influencing factors of breast cancer published from the establishment of the database to January 6th,2025.The articles were screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Revman5.4 and Stata17.0 were used for systematic review.Results Fifteen studies involving 3979 breast cancer patients and 1 156 patients with AWS were included.The results of the Meta-analysis showed that there was significant statistical heterogeneity among the included studies(I2=97.0%,P<0.0001).Using the random effects model,the incidence of AWS was 32.2%[95%CI(0.24,0.40),P<0.0001].The influencing factors for AWS after breast cancer surgery are age,body mass index(BMI),total mastectomy,lymph node metastasis,and neoadjuvant chemotherapy.NAC),axillary lymph node dissection(ALND),and the number of harvested axillary lymph nodes.Conclusion The incidence of AWS after breast cancer surgery was high.Clinicians should give early nursing to the influencing factors,reduce the incidence of AWS and improve patients'quality of life after surgery.

The incidence of delayed chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting is relatively high among pediatric cancer patients. Nausea and vomiting symptoms can exacerbate physical and psychological burdens, potentially leading to aversion and reduced treatment adherence. This paper analyzes and summarizes delayed chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in pediatric cancer patients, covering overview, influencing factors, assessment tools, and non-pharmacological interventions, aiming to provide insights for clinical prevention and intervention strategies targeting delayed chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in pediatric patients.

Diabetes is a chronic disease that requires lifelong medication and long-term management. The longer the duration of the disease, the more likely it is to lead to progressive chronic complications affecting the eyes, kidneys, nervous system, and cardiovascular system. These complications may result in gradual functional decline or even organ failure, and may also trigger severe acute metabolic disorders. The cumulative financial burden on patients and their families can be substantial, giving rise to what is known as financial toxicity, which in turn may negatively affect patients' health outcomes. This review comprehensively explores the concept of financial toxicity in diabetic patients, including its assessment tools, influencing factors, and coping strategies. It also offers targeted suggestions aimed at informing the development of more scientific and effective systemic interventions, with the ultimate goal of improving treatment outcomes and quality of life for individuals living with diabetes.

Objective:To analyze the expression levels and clinical significance of interferon (IFN)-α/β in the renal cortex and serum of children with lupus nephritis (LN).Methods:A total of 32 children with LN diagnosed in the pediatric nephrology department of the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from December 2017 to September 2020 were selected as the study subjects (LN group). The normal kidney control group consisted of 3 normal kidney transplant volunteers who underwent biopsy of kidney tissue (normal kidney control group), while 14 healthy children who underwent physical examination were collected as the normal control group. According to the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI), LN patients were divided into mild activity group ( n=8), moderate activity group ( n=9), and severe activity group ( n=15). According to the International Society of Nephrology/Society of Nephrology (ISN/RPS) 2003 LN classification criteria, pathological classification was performed (3 cases in the mild pathological damage group, 8 cases in the moderate pathological damage group, and 11 cases in the severe pathological damage group); Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression and distribution of IFN-α/β in glomeruli and renal interstitium; Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the concentration of IFN-α/β in serum samples and analyze its correlation with the pathological classification and disease activity of LN patients. Results:The serum and renal cortex IFN-α/β levels in the LN group were higher than those in the normal control group and normal kidney control group, respectively (all P<0.05). The average level of serum IFN-α/β in the heavy activity group was higher than that in the light and moderate activity groups (all P<0.05). The serum and renal cortex IFN-α/β levels in the severe pathological damage group were significantly higher than those in the mild and moderate pathological damage groups (all P<0.05). Conclusions:IFN-α/β in the renal cortex is closely related to renal injury in LN; Serum IFN-α/β can assist in evaluating the disease activity level of LN to a certain extent.

Objective To investigate the method of evaluating renal artery stenosis (RAS) model in mice by high-frequency ultrasound in experimental small animals. Methods C57B1/6J male mice were selected and left renal artery was clamped with silver clip to prepare RAS model (RAS group,n=5),while left renal artery was not clamped in sham operation group (n=5). Systolic blood pressure was measured 3 days after surgery. Four weeks after surgery,the left ventricular movement curve was recorded at the level of parasternal left ventricular brachyaxis papillary muscle by high-frequency ultrasound of experimental small animals,mice left ventricular anterior wall and posterior wall thickness were measured,left ventricular mass,ejection fraction and left ventricular short axis reduced rate were calculate. The renal morphological parameters (kidney length,width,thickness and cortical thickness),the vascular wall thickness and resistance index of renal artery were measured. The right renal artery distensibility and global radial strain of the vessel wall were evaluated by two-dimensional dot tracking technique. Renal pathology was observed 4 weeks after surgery. Results Compared with sham operation group,systolic blood pressure,left ventricular anterior wall and posterior wall thickness and left ventricular mass were significantly increased in RAS group (P<0.05). Compared with sham operation group,the length,width,thickness and cortical thickness of left kidney in RAS group were significantly reduced (P<0.05). In the right kidney,the compensation increased,the thickness of the renal cortex increased,vascular wall of right renal artery was significantly thickened,distensibility and global radial strain of right renal artery were significantly reduced (P<0.05). Conclusion The application of high-frequency ultrasound in experimental small animals can noninvasively detect the damage of the heart,kidney and renal vessels in RAS model,and analyze the biomechanical indexes such as renal artery strain,providing a new method for the detection of mouse RAS model.

Objective To investigate the method of evaluating renal artery stenosis (RAS) model in mice by high-frequency ultrasound in experimental small animals. Methods C57B1/6J male mice were selected and left renal artery was clamped with silver clip to prepare RAS model (RAS group,n=5),while left renal artery was not clamped in sham operation group (n=5). Systolic blood pressure was measured 3 days after surgery. Four weeks after surgery,the left ventricular movement curve was recorded at the level of parasternal left ventricular brachyaxis papillary muscle by high-frequency ultrasound of experimental small animals,mice left ventricular anterior wall and posterior wall thickness were measured,left ventricular mass,ejection fraction and left ventricular short axis reduced rate were calculate. The renal morphological parameters (kidney length,width,thickness and cortical thickness),the vascular wall thickness and resistance index of renal artery were measured. The right renal artery distensibility and global radial strain of the vessel wall were evaluated by two-dimensional dot tracking technique. Renal pathology was observed 4 weeks after surgery. Results Compared with sham operation group,systolic blood pressure,left ventricular anterior wall and posterior wall thickness and left ventricular mass were significantly increased in RAS group (P<0.05). Compared with sham operation group,the length,width,thickness and cortical thickness of left kidney in RAS group were significantly reduced (P<0.05). In the right kidney,the compensation increased,the thickness of the renal cortex increased,vascular wall of right renal artery was significantly thickened,distensibility and global radial strain of right renal artery were significantly reduced (P<0.05). Conclusion The application of high-frequency ultrasound in experimental small animals can noninvasively detect the damage of the heart,kidney and renal vessels in RAS model,and analyze the biomechanical indexes such as renal artery strain,providing a new method for the detection of mouse RAS model.