N,N-Dimethylglycine (DMG) is a glycine derivative, and its sodium salt (DMG-Na) has been demonstrated to possess various biological activities, including immunomodulation, free radical scavenging, and antioxidation, collectively contributing to the stability of tissue and cellular functions. However, its direct effects and underlying mechanisms in wound healing remain unclear. In this study, a full-thickness excisional wound model was established on the dorsal skin of mice, and wounds were treated locally with DMG-Na. Wound healing progression was assessed by calculating wound closure rates. Histopathological analysis was conducted using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and keratinocyte proliferation, migration, and differentiation were evaluated using CCK-8 assays, scratch wound assays, and quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). Inflammation-related cytokine expression in keratinocytes was analyzed via ELISA and qRT-PCR. Results revealed that DMG-Na treatment significantly accelerated wound healing in mice and improved overall wound closure quality. The wound healing rates on days 3, 6, and 9 were 49.18%, 68.87%, and 90.55%, respectively, with statistically significant differences compared to the control group ( P<0.05). DMG-Na treatment downregulated the mRNA levels of keratinocyte differentiation markers while enhancing cell proliferation and migration ( P<0.05). Furthermore, DMG-Na decreased the secretion of LPS-induced keratinocyte inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and CXCL10 ( P<0.05). These findings indicate that DMG-Na regulates inflammatory responses and promotes keratinocyte proliferation and migration, thereby facilitating the healing of skin wounds.
Animals ; Wound Healing/drug effects* ; Mice ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects* ; Keratinocytes/drug effects* ; Cell Movement/drug effects* ; Cell Differentiation/drug effects* ; Glycine/pharmacology* ; Skin/injuries* ; Male

Objective To examine the effect of temperature on the risk of varicella in Jiangjin District, Chongqing, and to provide reference for formulating varicella prevention and control strategies. Methods Data on varicella cases from 2015 to 2020 were collected through the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System, while meteorological data for the same period were collected through the China Meteorological Data Sharing Service Network. A distributed lag non-linear model was employed to analyze the correlation between different lag days (lag) and temperature and the incidence of varicella, as well as their impact on sensitive population. Using the lowest risk temperature as a reference, the relative risk of extreme low temperature 8°C (P5) and extreme high temperature 31.5°C (P95) on the onset of varicella was estimated. Results Over the six-year period, Jiangjin District reported 7 547 varicella cases, predominantly among children aged 5-9, accounting for 40.64% (3 067 cases) of the total. The incidence of varicella exhibited obvious seasonality and a bimodal distribution pattern. The exposure-response curve between daily varicella cases and temperature was U-shaped. At a low temperature of 8°C with a 3-day lag, the general population exhibited the highest risk, with a relative risk (RR) of 1.43 (95% CI: 1.22-1.67). After a 7-day lag, the cumulative relative risk (CRR) escalated to 2.79 (95% CI: 1.95-3.98). Conversely, at a high temperature of 31.5°C with no lag, the peak risk yielded an RR of 1.77 (95% CI: 1.23-2.37), and a 7-day lag resulted in a CRR of 2.05 (95% CI: 1.47-2.86). The temperature had the greatest impact on the incidence of varicella in preschool children. At 8°C with a 7-day lag, the CRR of varicella incidence in preschool children was 2.34 (95% CI: 1.89-2.91), with an attributable fraction (AF) of temperature reaching 38.49% (95% CI: 34.45%-42.06%). Conclusion Exposure to both low and high temperature in Jiangjin District, Chongqing can increase the risk of varicella, and the effect is more pronounced in preschool children.

Objective To investigate the methylation levels of the HIF-3α gene,as well as the expression of HIF-3α mRNA and DDIT4 mRNA in peripheral blood samples from pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM),and their association with pregnancy outcomes,aiming to provide insights for pregnancy monitoring and clinical diagnosis and treatment of GDM patients,thereby mitigating the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.Methods From March 2023 to March 2024,a total of 80 pregnant women with GDM were randomly selected at the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University.They were divided into two groups based on glycemic control:GDM1(n=40)representing good glycemic control and GDM2(n=40)representing poor glycemic control.Addi-tionally,a control group consisting of 40 pregnant women without any pregnancy complications or comorbidities was included.Methylation-specific PCR was employed to determine the rate of HIF-3α methylation,while quantita-tive real-time PCR was used to assess the expressions of HIF-3α mRNA and DDIT4 mRNA.Adverse pregnancy outcomes were recorded across all three groups,and correlations between HIF-3α mRNA,DDIT4 mRNA,and various adverse pregnancy outcomes were analyzed using logistic regression analysis.Results Prior to pregnancy,GDM1 and GDM2 groups exhibited higher levels of FPG,HbA1c,TC,TG,LDL-C,FINS and HOMA-IR(P＜0.05),as well as lower levels of HOMA-β compared to the control group(P＜0.05).The incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes was also higher in both GDM groups than in the control group;this difference was significant for GDM2(P＜0.05)but not for GDM1(P＞0.05).Furthermore,methylation rates of the HIF-3α gene were higher in both GDM groups compared to controls while expression levels of HIF-3α and DDIT4 mRNA were lower;these differences were significant for the GDM2 group versus controls(P＜0.05)but not for the GDM1 group ver-sus controls(P＞0.05).Finally,all adverse pregnancy outcomes among women with gestational diabetes mellitus showed a negative correlation with expression levels of both HIF-3α and DDIT4 mRNA(r＜0,P＜0.05);moreover,these two mRNAs served as protective factors against such outcomes occurring(OR＜1,P＜0.05).Conclusion The higher methylation rate of HIF-3α and the decreased expression of HIF-3α and DDIT4 genes are associated with the development of GDM and may serve as significant factors contributing to adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Objective To investigate the methylation levels of the HIF-3α gene,as well as the expression of HIF-3α mRNA and DDIT4 mRNA in peripheral blood samples from pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM),and their association with pregnancy outcomes,aiming to provide insights for pregnancy monitoring and clinical diagnosis and treatment of GDM patients,thereby mitigating the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.Methods From March 2023 to March 2024,a total of 80 pregnant women with GDM were randomly selected at the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University.They were divided into two groups based on glycemic control:GDM1(n=40)representing good glycemic control and GDM2(n=40)representing poor glycemic control.Addi-tionally,a control group consisting of 40 pregnant women without any pregnancy complications or comorbidities was included.Methylation-specific PCR was employed to determine the rate of HIF-3α methylation,while quantita-tive real-time PCR was used to assess the expressions of HIF-3α mRNA and DDIT4 mRNA.Adverse pregnancy outcomes were recorded across all three groups,and correlations between HIF-3α mRNA,DDIT4 mRNA,and various adverse pregnancy outcomes were analyzed using logistic regression analysis.Results Prior to pregnancy,GDM1 and GDM2 groups exhibited higher levels of FPG,HbA1c,TC,TG,LDL-C,FINS and HOMA-IR(P＜0.05),as well as lower levels of HOMA-β compared to the control group(P＜0.05).The incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes was also higher in both GDM groups than in the control group;this difference was significant for GDM2(P＜0.05)but not for GDM1(P＞0.05).Furthermore,methylation rates of the HIF-3α gene were higher in both GDM groups compared to controls while expression levels of HIF-3α and DDIT4 mRNA were lower;these differences were significant for the GDM2 group versus controls(P＜0.05)but not for the GDM1 group ver-sus controls(P＞0.05).Finally,all adverse pregnancy outcomes among women with gestational diabetes mellitus showed a negative correlation with expression levels of both HIF-3α and DDIT4 mRNA(r＜0,P＜0.05);moreover,these two mRNAs served as protective factors against such outcomes occurring(OR＜1,P＜0.05).Conclusion The higher methylation rate of HIF-3α and the decreased expression of HIF-3α and DDIT4 genes are associated with the development of GDM and may serve as significant factors contributing to adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Objective:To explore the clinical value of coronary artery calcification (CAC) detected by chest CT in early screening of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (CAHD) in civil pilots.Methods:The physical examination data of 2 899 civil pilots were retrospectively analyzed. Pilots were divided into CAHD group and control group based on the results of coronary angiography (CAG). The health data were compared between 2 groups and the clinical value of CAC in the diagnosis of CAHD was analyzed by using binary Logistic regression model and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Results:Thirty-eight CAHD cases were diagnosed, and the remaining 2 861 were in the control group. Comparing to that of control group, the average age of the pilots in CAHD group was greater ( t=12.09, P<0.001), and the average total flying hours were longer ( Z=-7.68, P<0.001). The proportions of smoking, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, fatty liver, obesity, carotid plaques, positive or suspiciously positive in submaximal treadmill exercise test, CAC, as well as the proportions of taking further requested coronary CT angiography and CAG were significantly higher in the CAHD group ( χ2=5.42-1 430.25, P<0.01 or <0.05). Logistic regression model showed that smoking ( OR=2.800, 95% CI: 1.074-7.301, P=0.035), obesity ( OR=3.336,95% CI:1.243-8.956, P=0.017), positive or suspiciously positive in submaximal treadmill exercise test ( OR=17.669, 95% CI: 2.923-106.756, P=0.002) and CAC ( OR=96.039, 95% CI: 11.439-806.396, P<0.001) were the independent risk factors for diagnosing CAHD. The ROC curve results suggested that the sensitivity and specificity of CAC for predicting CAHD was 97.4% and 93.1%, respectively, and the area under the ROC curve was 0.952 ( P<0.001). Conclusions:CAC detected by chest CT in physical examination is helpful for early screening of asymptomatic or atypical CAHD in civil pilots.

Objective:To explore the clinical value of coronary artery calcification (CAC) detected by chest CT in early screening of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (CAHD) in civil pilots.Methods:The physical examination data of 2 899 civil pilots were retrospectively analyzed. Pilots were divided into CAHD group and control group based on the results of coronary angiography (CAG). The health data were compared between 2 groups and the clinical value of CAC in the diagnosis of CAHD was analyzed by using binary Logistic regression model and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Results:Thirty-eight CAHD cases were diagnosed, and the remaining 2 861 were in the control group. Comparing to that of control group, the average age of the pilots in CAHD group was greater ( t=12.09, P<0.001), and the average total flying hours were longer ( Z=-7.68, P<0.001). The proportions of smoking, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, fatty liver, obesity, carotid plaques, positive or suspiciously positive in submaximal treadmill exercise test, CAC, as well as the proportions of taking further requested coronary CT angiography and CAG were significantly higher in the CAHD group ( χ2=5.42-1 430.25, P<0.01 or <0.05). Logistic regression model showed that smoking ( OR=2.800, 95% CI: 1.074-7.301, P=0.035), obesity ( OR=3.336,95% CI:1.243-8.956, P=0.017), positive or suspiciously positive in submaximal treadmill exercise test ( OR=17.669, 95% CI: 2.923-106.756, P=0.002) and CAC ( OR=96.039, 95% CI: 11.439-806.396, P<0.001) were the independent risk factors for diagnosing CAHD. The ROC curve results suggested that the sensitivity and specificity of CAC for predicting CAHD was 97.4% and 93.1%, respectively, and the area under the ROC curve was 0.952 ( P<0.001). Conclusions:CAC detected by chest CT in physical examination is helpful for early screening of asymptomatic or atypical CAHD in civil pilots.

This paper introduced the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-Comparative (QUADAS-C), illustrated the comparison with the QUADAS-2, and using QUADAS-C together with QUADAS-2 to present QUADAS-C results through systematic reviews. Like the domain for QUADAS-2, QUADAS-C retained four domains, including patient selection, index test, reference standard, flow, and timing, and comprised additional questions for each QUADAS-2 part. Unlike the QUADAS-2 tool, the starting question of each domain for QUADAS-C was designed to summarize the risk of biased information captured by QUADAS-2. QUADAS-C only dealt with the risk of bias but did not include the part of concerns regarding applicability. The answers to signaling questions for each domain of QUADAS-C would lead to a 'low''high' or 'unclear' risk of biased judgment for the original study.

Objective:To observe the effect of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) and high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) on the prognosis of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) accompanied with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).Methods:A retrospective study was conducted in Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology when authors worked as medical team members for treating COVID-19. COVID-19 patients with pulse oxygen saturation/fraction of inspiration oxygen (SpO 2/FiO 2, S/F) ratio < 235, managed by medical teams [using S/F ratio instead of oxygenation index (PaO 2/FiO 2) to diagnose ARDS] from February to April 2020 were included. The patients were divided into NIPPV group and HFNC group according to their oxygen therapy modes. Clinical data of patients were collected, including general characteristics, respiratory rate (RR), fraction of FiO 2, SpO 2, heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), S/F ratio in the first 72 hours, lymphocyte count (LYM), percentage of lymphocyte (LYM%) and white blood cell count (WBC) at admission and discharge or death, the duration of dyspnea before NIPPV and HFNC, and the length from onset to admission. The differences of intubation rate, all-cause mortality, S/F ratio and RR were analyzed, and single factor analysis and generalized estimation equation (GEE) were used to analyze the risk factors affecting S/F ratio. Results:Among the 41 patients, the proportion of males was high (68.3%, 28 cases), the median age was 68 (58-74) years old, 28 cases had complications (68.3%), and 34 cases had multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS, 82.9%). Compared with HFNC group, the proportion of complications in NIPPV group was higher [87.5% (21/24) vs. 41.2% (7/17), P < 0.05], and the value of LYM% was lower [5.3% (3.4%-7.8%) vs. 10.0% (3.9%-19.7%), P < 0.05], the need of blood purification was also significantly lower [0% (0/24) vs. 29.4% (5/17), P < 0.05]. The S/F ratio of NIPPV group gradually increased after 2 hours treatment and RR gradually decreased with over time, S/F ratio decreased and RR increased in HFNC group compared with baseline, but there was no significant difference in S/F ratio between the two groups at each time point. RR in NIPPV group was significantly higher than that in HFNC group after 2 hours treatment [time/min: 30 (27-33) vs. 24 (21-27), P < 0.05]. There was no significant difference in rate need intubation and hospital mortality between NIPPV group and HFNC group [66.7% (16/24) vs. 70.6% (12/17), 58.3% (14/24) vs. 52.9% (9/17), both P > 0.05]. Analysis of the factors affecting the S/Fratio in the course of oxygen therapy showed that the oxygen therapy mode and the course of illness at admission were the factors affecting the S/F ratio of patients [ β values were -15.827, 1.202, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were -29.102 to -2.552 and 0.247-2.156, P values were 0.019 and 0.014, respectively]. Conclusion:Compared with HFNC, NIPPV doesn't significantly reduce the intubation rate and mortality of patients with COVID-19 accompanied with ARDS, but it significantly increases the S/F ratio of those patients.

Objective:To investigate college students' acceptance of flipped classroom and its influencing factors, so as to provide basis and suggestions for the promotion of flipped classroom in colleges and universities.Methods:A structured quantitative questionnaire was used to investigate the learning status of 876 students in Chongqing Medical University and their cognition and acceptance of flipped classroom. The influencing factors were analyzed by multiple linear regression.Results:According to the questionnaire, 77.9% of the students did not know about flipped classroom, 32.3% of them had high acceptance to it and 62.0% of them accepted it moderately. The stronger the learning ability and motivation, the higher levels of understanding and acceptance of the flipped classroom.Conclusion:Undergraduates have a certain degree of acceptance to flipped classroom. In daily education, attention should be paid to stimulating students' learning motivation, cultivating their learning ability in various aspects, widely spreading teaching concept of flipped classroom, and actively trying the teaching mode of flipped classroom.

Objective To evaluate the role of treadmill exercise‐stress echocardiography in the assessment of left ventricular ( LV ) function in patients with slow coronary flow ( SCF ) ,and discuss the possible mechanism of SCF . Methods Forty‐six patients with diagnosis of SCF were enrolled as SCF group . Forty age and sex matched adults were included as control group . All subjects had underwent clinical evaluation and exercise stress echocardiography . LV diastolic and systolic functions were assessed by conventional echocardiography , tissue Doppler imaging and two‐dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography at rest and during exercise . Results ①LV function in patients with SCF at rest :LV peak systolic longitudinal strain ( LS) was lower in patients with SCF than that in controls ( P ＜0 .05) . T here was no difference of LV ejection fraction ( LVEF) between the two group( P＞0 .05) . Early diastolic mitral annulus velocity ( M itral e′) and the ratio between the early mitral inflow velocity and Mitral e′( M itral E/e′) were significantly decreased in SCF group( all P＜0 .01 ) . ②LV function during exercise :LVEF ,LS and M itral e′were significant increased in two groups ( all P ＜0 .05 ) than those at rest ,but there was no significant difference of LVEF ,LS ,M itral e′ and M itral E/e′ between the two groups ( all P ＞ 0 .05 ) . Compared with control group ,ΔLS and ΔM itral e′were significantly higher in SCF group ( all P＜0 .05 ) . Conclusions LV systolic and diastolic function in patients with SCF are impaired at rest . LV systolic and diastolic function recover in patients with SCF during exercise .