Objective:To investigate the alterations in the brain structural network properties related to cognitive emotion regulation strategies in young, first-episode and drug-naive (FEDN) patients with major depressive disorder (MDD).Methods:One hundred and twelve young patients who were diagnosed with FEDN MDD were enrolled in the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University between October 2019 and October 2023, and 143 healthy controls (HC) were recruited for reference during the same period. Clinical data and T 1 structural images of high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging were collected from all participants, and the cognitive emotion regulation was assessed using the Chinese version of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ-C). The brain structural alterations related to cognitive emotion regulation strategies were explored using whole-brain voxel-based morphometry (VBM) group analysis and individual differential structural covariance network (IDSCN) analysis. Partial correlation analysis was performed between the IDSCN anomalous structural concatenated edge and subdimensions of the CERQ-C. Results:The scores on the sub-dimension of negative cognitive emotion regulation (self-condemnation, rumination, catastrophization, blaming others) in the young FEDN MDD patients in CERQ-C were significantly higher than those in HC (14.28±2.30 vs 12.45±2.00, t=6.501, P<0.001;14.40±2.97 vs 11.31±2.93, t=7.934, P<0.001;12.19±3.75 vs 7.59±2.58, t=10.553, P<0.001;10.26±3.00 vs 8.74±2.89, t=3.916, P<0.001; respectively). There was no statistically significant difference in the VBM group analysis (all P>0.05). However, IDSCN single sample t test results showed significant group differences between the left orbitofrontal inferior gyrus and the left supplementary motor area, the left orbitofrontal middle gyrus and the bilateral precuneus, and the left superior temporal gyrus and the bilateral hippocampus (all P<0.05). With controlling for age, sex, and other factors, partial correlation analysis results showed that the left orbital inferior frontal gyrus-left supplementary motor area connection in patients with MDD was positively correlated with the self-condemnation and acceptance scores of the CERQ-C ( r=0.226, P=0.027; r=0.216, P=0.035), while negatively correlated with the score of blaming others ( r=-0.252, P=0.013). Additionally, connections between the right hippocampus and left superior temporal gyrus were significantly associated with the scores on catastrophization subdimension of the CERQ-C ( r=0.229, P=0.025). Conclusion:Due to its sensitivity to individualized analyses, the IDSCN analysis found that abnormal topological property changes were mainly manifested in the limbic system, the sensorimotor system, and the default network in young FEDN MDD patients, and were linked to their negative cognitive emotion regulation strategies, even though the VBM group analysis did not yield any significant results.

Objective:To investigate the alterations in the brain structural network properties related to cognitive emotion regulation strategies in young, first-episode and drug-naive (FEDN) patients with major depressive disorder (MDD).Methods:One hundred and twelve young patients who were diagnosed with FEDN MDD were enrolled in the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University between October 2019 and October 2023, and 143 healthy controls (HC) were recruited for reference during the same period. Clinical data and T 1 structural images of high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging were collected from all participants, and the cognitive emotion regulation was assessed using the Chinese version of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ-C). The brain structural alterations related to cognitive emotion regulation strategies were explored using whole-brain voxel-based morphometry (VBM) group analysis and individual differential structural covariance network (IDSCN) analysis. Partial correlation analysis was performed between the IDSCN anomalous structural concatenated edge and subdimensions of the CERQ-C. Results:The scores on the sub-dimension of negative cognitive emotion regulation (self-condemnation, rumination, catastrophization, blaming others) in the young FEDN MDD patients in CERQ-C were significantly higher than those in HC (14.28±2.30 vs 12.45±2.00, t=6.501, P<0.001;14.40±2.97 vs 11.31±2.93, t=7.934, P<0.001;12.19±3.75 vs 7.59±2.58, t=10.553, P<0.001;10.26±3.00 vs 8.74±2.89, t=3.916, P<0.001; respectively). There was no statistically significant difference in the VBM group analysis (all P>0.05). However, IDSCN single sample t test results showed significant group differences between the left orbitofrontal inferior gyrus and the left supplementary motor area, the left orbitofrontal middle gyrus and the bilateral precuneus, and the left superior temporal gyrus and the bilateral hippocampus (all P<0.05). With controlling for age, sex, and other factors, partial correlation analysis results showed that the left orbital inferior frontal gyrus-left supplementary motor area connection in patients with MDD was positively correlated with the self-condemnation and acceptance scores of the CERQ-C ( r=0.226, P=0.027; r=0.216, P=0.035), while negatively correlated with the score of blaming others ( r=-0.252, P=0.013). Additionally, connections between the right hippocampus and left superior temporal gyrus were significantly associated with the scores on catastrophization subdimension of the CERQ-C ( r=0.229, P=0.025). Conclusion:Due to its sensitivity to individualized analyses, the IDSCN analysis found that abnormal topological property changes were mainly manifested in the limbic system, the sensorimotor system, and the default network in young FEDN MDD patients, and were linked to their negative cognitive emotion regulation strategies, even though the VBM group analysis did not yield any significant results.

Objective: Tracking the information on 1.69 million fetal cases across Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (Guangxi) so as to study the occurrences of total and major birth defects in order to evaluate the ability on related prevention and control programs in Guangxi. Methods: Using the self-developed "Gui Women’s System" to establish a database of 1.69 million fetal cases in Guangxi and to analyze the distribution of time, space and population, as well as the outcomes of pregnancy, using the big data. Results: During the 29 months of observation, the overall live birth rate was 99.25%, with stillbirth rate during pregnancy as 0.44%, stillbirth rate during birth as 0.02%, and the 0-6 days mortality rate as 0.14%. The total detection rate on birth defects was 197.63/10 000; the incidence rate was 103.04/10 000, the birth rate was 102.55/10 000. The overall discovery rate of major birth defects was 48.33/10 000, with the incidence rate as 783 000, the birth rate as 0.58/10 000. The discovery rates of major birth defects in 14 cities were between 35 and 68/10 000, and the birth rate dropped significantly to less than 1.00 in 10 000. Nationalities showed that the number of pregnant women with birth defects more than 50 000 would include Hui (9.68/10 000), Yao (9.57/10 000), and Jing (9.37/10 000). With the increasing age of gestation, number of birth defects, incidence of major birth defects also increased. Ninety-five percent of the major birth defects were found within <28 weeks and with the top 5 kinds of major birth defects as complicated congenital heart disease (9.11/10 000), alpha thalassemia (8.36/10 000), and 21-trisomy syndrome (7.85/10 000), beta thalassemia (5.32/10 000) and fetal edema syndrome (4.92/10 000). The top 5 major birth defects appeared as complicated congenital heart disease (9.11/10 000), alpha thalassemia (8.36/10 000), and 21-trisomy syndrome (7.85/10 000), beta thalassemia (5.32/10 000) and fetal edema syndrome (4.92/10 000). Conclusion Programs leading to increase the rate on discovery of major birth defects were fundamental in effectively reducing the major birth defects.

Objective: To investigate the distribution and related factors of birth weight of live births and full-term infants in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China. Methods: Based on Guangxi women and children information system from 2016 to 2018, a large real-time database about maternal and live-birth information was established. It covered 1 712 midwifery institutions in Guangxi. A total of 2 394 240 cases of live births were collected and 2 243 129 cases of which were full-term infants. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the related factors of low birth weight. Results: The birth weight of 2 394 240 live births, (3 123.49±461.08) g, in Guangxi was approximately normal distribution with a peak distribution to the left. The incidence of low birth weight was 8.05%, and the incidence of macrosomia was 2.07%. The incidence of low birth weight was 10.92% for the puerpera with body mass index (BMI, kg/m²) <18.5, 16.82% for the puerpera with height <145 cm, 8.92% for the puerpera with age <20 years old, 7.67% for the puerpera with age ≥35 years old, and 54.65% for the puerpera with premature birth. The birth weight of 2 243 129 full-term infants, (3 176.01±400.78) g, was approximately normal distribution with a peak distribution to the right. The incidence of low birth weight was 2.97%, and the incidence of macrosomia was 2.19%. The incidence of low birth weight was 4.73% for puerpera with BMI<18.5, 8.17% for puerpera with height<145 cm, 4.83% for puerpera with age <20 years old, and 3.05% for puerpera with age ≥35 years old. The risks of low birth weight [OR (95%CI) value] of pregnant women aged <20, 25-29 and 30-34 years old were 1.31 (1.28-1.35), 0.88 (0.86-0.90) and 0.89 (0.87-0.91) times of those aged ≥35 years old. The risks of low birth weight [OR (95%CI) value] of pregnancy BMI <18.5 and 18.5-23.9 kg/m² group were 1.98 (1.94-2.03) and 1.20 (1.18-1.23) times of those pregnancy BMI ≥24 kg/m². The risks of low birth weight [OR (95%CI) value] of pregnant women′s height (cm)<145, 145-154, 155-159 and 160-164 cm were 4.67 (4.39-4.97), 2.36 (2.29-2.44), 1.58 (1.53-1.63) and 1.22 (1.18-1.26) times of those heights ≥165 cm group. The risks of low birth weight [OR (95%CI) value] of pregnant women′s gestational age <28, 28-31 and 32-36 years old were 136.65 (124.33-150.20), 1 704.37 (1 509.02-1 925.02) and 33.45 (32.98-33.94) times of those gestational age ≥37 years old. Conclusion The incidence of low birth weight of live births was higher in Guangxi from 2016 to 2018. There is a higher risk of low birth weight for younger, older, low height, low BMI and preterm women in Guangxi from 2016 to 2018.