Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of varicella among nursery children in Shenzhen from 2015 to 2024, and to evaluate the impact of optimizing varicella vaccine (VarV) immunization strategies on varicella incidence. Methods: Varicella incidence data for nursery children in Shenzhen from 2015 to 2024 were obtained from the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System. The study period was divided into three phases:one dose self pay VarV (January 2015 to October 2017), two dose self pay VarV (November 2017 to October 2019), and two dose free VarV (November 2019 to December 2024). Interrupted time series (ITS) analysis was conducted to assess changes in the level and trend of varicella incidence associated with each phase of policy implementation. Results: A total of 27 517 varicella cases was reported among nursery children from 2015 to 2024, with an average annual incidence of 514.01/100 000. During the same period, 136 clustered outbreaks were reported in nursery institutions, involving a cumulative total of 1 091 cases. ITS analysis showed that during the self pay 1 dose stage, the varicella incidence among nursery children showed an upward trend, with an average monthly increase of 2.58/100 000 (95% CI =2.21/ 100 000 -2.95/100 000, P <0.01). After the implementation of the self pay 2 dose strategy, the incidence decreased, with a change in incidence of -26.12/100 000 (95% CI =-37.30/100 000 to -14.94/100 000) and a change in slope of -2.65/100 000 (95% CI = -3.38/100 000 to -1.93/100 000)(all P <0.01). After the implementation of the free 2 dose strategy, the incidence decreased further, with a change in incidence of -40.03/100 000 (95% CI =-50.39/100 000 to -29.66/100 000, P <0.01) and a change in slope of -0.56/100 000 (95% CI =-1.20/100 000-0.08/100 000, P =0.09). Conclusion The gradual optimization of the VarV vaccination strategy in Shenzhen from self pay 1 dose to free 2 dose has significantly reduced the varicella incidence among nursery children, demonstrating good short term control and long term intervention effectiveness.

Objective To estimate the biological dose in a patient who developed radiation dermatitis after a local X-ray exposure incident. Methods Peripheral blood samples, which were used to performed lymphocyte chromosome aberration analysis, were collected from the patient at 54 and 102 days after the last exposure. Biological dose in the patient was estimated using four published X-ray dose-effect calibration curves for chromosomal aberrations. The absorbed dose in the patient was reconstructed using Dolphin′s model and time correction factors. Results The abnormal rates of chromosome aberration at 54 and 102 days after exposure were 1.00% and 0.40%, respectively. Based on the four calibration curves, the estimated local exposure dose at 54 day ranged from 3.59 to 10.51 Gy, and the time-corrected whole-body equivalent dose ranged from 0.27 to 0.87 Gy. The local dose estimated at 102 days ranged from 2.24 to 6.64 Gy, with a time-corrected whole-body equivalent dose of 0.12 to 0.60 Gy, which differed from the day-54 estimates. The biological doses estimated by both methods were lower than the physical dose (29.43 Gy). Conclusion The estimation of local biological dose of patient various in four dose-effect curves selected in this study. Delayed blood sampling will lead to underestimate biological dose. Early blood collection after radiation incidents is critical to ensure accuracy and reliability. Moreover, biological dose reconstruction methods for complex exposure scenarios require further research to improve the accracy of emergency response in radiation accidents.

Recent studies have indicated that the expression of ubiquitin-specific protease 51 (USP51), a novel deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB) that mediates protein degradation as part of the ubiquitin‒proteasome system (UPS), is associated with tumor progression and therapeutic resistance in multiple malignancies. However, the underlying mechanisms and signaling networks involved in USP51-mediated regulation of malignant phenotypes remain largely unknown. The present study provides evidence of USP51's functions as the prominent DUB in chemoresistant triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. At the molecular level, ectopic expression of USP51 stabilized the 78 kDa Glucose-Regulated Protein (GRP78) protein through deubiquitination, thereby increasing its expression and localization on the cell surface. Furthermore, the upregulation of cell surface GRP78 increased the activity of ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1), the main efflux pump of doxorubicin (DOX), ultimately decreasing its accumulation in TNBC cells and promoting the development of drug resistance both in vitro and in vivo. Clinically, we found significant correlations among USP51, GRP78, and ABCB1 expression in TNBC patients with chemoresistance. Elevated USP51, GRP78, and ABCB1 levels were also strongly associated with a poor patient prognosis. Importantly, we revealed an alternative intervention for specific pharmacological targeting of USP51 for TNBC cell chemosensitization. In conclusion, these findings collectively indicate that the USP51/GRP78/ABCB1 network is a key contributor to the malignant progression and chemotherapeutic resistance of TNBC cells, underscoring the pivotal role of USP51 as a novel therapeutic target for cancer management.

Objective To explore the feasibility of applying artificial intelligence (AI) technology in chromosomal aberration (CA) analysis for occupational health surveillance of radiation workers and in biological dose estimation during nuclear emergency responses. Methods Peripheral blood samples from healthy volunteers were irradiated in vitro with X-rays and cobalt-60 (⁶⁰Co) γ rays. Chromosome slides were prepared using an automated harvesting and dropping device. The data training and outcome evaluation of CA analysis was performed on the AI software using chromosome images from occupational medical examination of radiation workers from the current lab or chromosome slides from blood samples irradiated with X-rays. The trained AI software was then used to assist in CA analysis and biological dose estimation among occupational medical examination of radiation workers, with results compared with manual reading and actual exposure doses. Results The trained AI software achieved a CA recognition accuracy of 95.11%. In the occupational health examination of radiation workers, the positive CA detection rate using AI + manual review was 2.25% higher than that in manual reviewing alone. The errors in biological dose estimation for ⁶⁰Co γ rays and X-rays using AI + manual review analysis were 11.86% and 7.33%, respectively, both within the acceptable 20.00% error margin. Conclusion AI + manual review can be effectively applied in CA analysis for occupational health examination and biological dose estimation during nuclear emergencies, significantly improving analysis efficiency.

Sustained inflammatory responses are closely related to various severe diseases, and inhibiting the excessive activation of inflammasomes and pyroptosis has significant implications for clinical treatment. Natural products have garnered considerable concern for the treatment of inflammation. Huanglian-Wumei decoction (HLWMD) is a classic prescription used for treating inflammatory diseases, but the necessity of their combination and the exact underlying anti-inflammatory mechanism have not yet been elucidated. Inspired by the supramolecular self-assembly strategy and natural drug compatibility theory, we successfully obtained berberine (BBR)-chlorogenic acid (CGA) supramolecular (BCS), which is an herbal pair from HLWMD. Using a series of characterization methods, we confirmed the self-assembly mechanism of BCS. BBR and CGA were self-assembled and stacked into amphiphilic spherical supramolecules in a 2:1 molar ratio, driven by electrostatic interactions, hydrophobic interactions, and π-π stacking; the hydrophilic fragments of CGA were outside, and the hydrophobic fragments of BBR were inside. This stacking pattern significantly improved the anti-inflammatory performance of BCS compared with that of single free molecules. Compared with free molecules, BCS significantly attenuated the release of multiple inflammatory mediators and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pyroptosis. Its anti-inflammatory mechanism is closely related to the inhibition of intracellular nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) p65 phosphorylation and the noncanonical pyroptosis signalling pathway mediated by caspase-11.

OBJECTIVE T o verify and compare the values of the different risk assessment scores in prediction of in-fections in the ST elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI)patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interven-tion(PCI)therapy.METHODS A total of 226 STEMI patients who received PCI in The Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from Aug.2019 to Jul.2024 were recruited as the research subjects.The efficien-cies of the six types of risk assessment scores,including age,serum creatinine,or glomerular filtration rate/ejec-tion fraction(ACEF/AGEF)score,Canadian acute coronary syndrome(C ACS)score,embolism risk score 2(CHADS2)score,global register of acute coronary events(GRACE)score and for contrast induced nephropathy(Mehran)scorein prediction of infections and major adverse clinical events(M ACE)were analyzed.RESULTS All of the risk assessment scores showed remarkable discriminating capability in prediction of infections(AUC:0 746 to 0 791)except CHADS2 score[the area under the curve(AUC)=0.682;95％CI=0.652 to 0.712)].All of the risk assessment scores showed the excellent performance in calibration of infections except CACS risk assess-ment score(calibration slope=0.77;95％CI=0.18 to 1.35).The risk assessment scores also showed tremen-dous capability in discriminating MACE during the hospital stay except CHADS2 score,with the AUC ranging be-tween 0.700 and 0.786.All of the six types of risk assessment scores showed the most excellent performance in calibration of MACE during the hospital stay.CONCLUSION ACEF,AGEF,CACS,GRACE and Mehran scores show remarkable discriminating capability and calibration in prediction of infections and MACE.

Objective To review the research of safe injection protocols for peripheral norepinephrine(pNE),to make clear the main contents of safe injection protocols and the compliance of clinical implementation protocols,and to provide reference for clinical nurses to use drugs safely.Methods Systematic searches were conducted in the PubMed database,the Embase database from the Netherlands,the Web of Science,the Cochrane library,CNKI,Wanfang database,VIP,and the China biomedical literature database for studies related to safe injection protocols for pNE.The search period extended from the establishment of the databases to April 30,2024.Two researchers conducted data extraction and summary analysis of the included literature.Results A total of 10 articles were incorporated,including 2 guidelines,4 observational retrospective cohort studies,2 observational prospective cohort studies,2 ambispective cohort study.All documents provide a complete safe injection scheme of pNE,and its main contents were as follows:the drug concentration should be diluted to 8～64 mg/L;the injection dose should be small,and the maximum dose should not exceed 0.5 μg·kg-1·min-1 or 25 μg/min;a short infusion time was appropriate,among which 4 schemes require≤24 hours;intravenous catheters should be large-bore models,mainly 16,18 and 20 G;selection of infusion sites with favorable venous conditions of upper limb should be selected for injection;during infusion,regular and effective monitoring was required,and the frequency of monitoring should be once an hour,not exceeding a maximum of 2 hours;observation of the puncture site,and must assess whether there was blood return to the venous pathway,develop an emergency plan for drug extravasation.Several studies provided the compliance analysis of the protocol.The items with the highest compliance were using the drug concentration specified in the protocol,with the highest implementation rate of 100.0%.The items with low compliance were:using ultrasonic catheterization or evaluation,with minimum 26.6%;monitor according to the specified time frequency,with a minimum of 36.0%;selection of infusion sites,with a minimum of 65.0%.Conclusion The pNE is safe and feasible in emergency situations,but it comes with numerous risks and limitations.Norepinephrine(NE)should be administered at low concentrations and small doses,using large-caliber venous indwelling needles,and choosing optimal injection sites.Ultrasound assessment and localization can be used if conditions permit.Short-term infusion is preferred,and effective monitoring should be conducted at regular intervals during the infusion.Emergency plans for drug extravasation should be established.Developing safe injection protocols can reduce the incidence of adverse events such as extravasation.

Objective:To analyze the etiology and prognosis of intracranial hemorrhage in children and provide a basis for the prevention of intracranial hemorrhage in children.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of children with intracranial hemorrhage aged 29 days to 14 years admitted to the First People′s Hospital of Yulin from January 2012 to December 2022.Results:There were a total of 535 children with intracranial hemorrhage, including 355 boys and 180 girls. The high-incidence age ranged from 29 days to 1 year, with 235 cases (43.93%). The common causes of intracranial hemorrhage were as follows: falling from heights 27.48%(147/535), late-onset vitamin K deficiency 20.56%(110/535), and car accidents 9.53%(51/535). Spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage was more common in infants, while traumatic intracranial hemorrhage was more common in young children. The mortality rate of children with intracranial hemorrhage was 14.20%(69/486), and the disability rate was 14.81%(72/486). Univariate analysis showed that late-onset vitamin K deficiency, leukemia, flat fall, car accident, subdural hemorrhage, cerebral parenchymal hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and multi-site hemorrhage were associated with the poor prognosis (disability and death) of intracranial hemorrhage in children (all P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that late-onset vitamin K deficiency and cerebral parenchymal hemorrhage were independent risk factors for intracranial hemorrhage disability in children (all P<0.05); Leukemia and cerebral parenchymal hemorrhage are independent risk factors for intracranial hemorrhage death in children (all P<0.05). Conclusions:The incidence of intracranial hemorrhage in boys is higher than that in girls, with the highest incidence in infants aged 29 days to 1 year. Intracranial hemorrhage in children is commonly caused by falls from heights, late-onset vitamin K deficiency and car accidents. Late-onset vitamin K deficiency and cerebral parenchymal hemorrhage are independent risk factors for disability, while leukemia and cerebral parenchymal hemorrhage are independent risk factors for death. Preventing various causes of intracranial hemorrhage is an important measure to reduce intracranial hemorrhage in children.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the pharmacological efficacy and mechanism of action of Atractylenolide Ⅰ(Atr-Ⅰ)in inhibiting colorectal cancer.METHODS Among three active compounds of Atractylodes macrocephala,Atr-Ⅰ exhibited the highest anti-tumor potency by MTT assay.The optimal concentration of Atr-Ⅰ was determined.The effect of Atr-Ⅰ on LoVo cell prolifera-tion was assessed via a clonogenic assay,while its impact on apoptosis and cell cycle progression was evaluated using flow cytometry.The influence of Atr-Ⅰ on the migration and invasion of LoVo cell line was examined through wound healing and Transwell migration assays.Western blot analysis was performed to explore the effects and mechanisms of Atr-Ⅰ on proteins associated with mi-gration,proliferation,and epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)in LoVo cells.The CT26 mouse subcutaneous tumor model was established,and histopathological analysis was conducted using hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining.Western blot was also used to assess the effects of Atr-Ⅰ on EMT-related proteins in mouse tissues to elucidate underlying mechanisms.RESULTS Atr-Ⅰ significantly reduced colorectal cancer cell viability,with statistically significant differences between treatment and control groups(P<0.05,P<0.01).Atr-Ⅰ induced apoptosis in LoVo cells,with the treatment group showing significant differences compared to the control(P<0.05,P<0.01).Cell cycle analysis revealed that Atr-Ⅰ exerted anti-tumor effects by inducing G2/M phase arrest,with increased G2 phase cell numbers in the LoVo treatment group compared to the control(P<0.05).Wound healing and Transwell migration assays confirmed that Atr-Ⅰ significantly inhibited tumor cell migration and invasion(P<0.05,P<0.01).Western blot analysis demonstra-ted that Atr-Ⅰ specifically suppressed the expression of c-Myc and Bcl-2(P<0.05),as well as cell cycle-related proteins CDK1,Cyclin B1,and Cyclin D1(P<0.05),and angiogenesis-related proteins VEGF and MMP9(P<0.05).Additionally,Atr-Ⅰ down-regulated EMT-related protein N-cadherin and upregulated E-cadherin expression(P<0.05).It also reduced the expression of p-AKT and p-S6K1(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Atr-Ⅰ exhibits potent anti-tumor effects against colorectal cancer,potentially through modulation of the AKT/S6K1 signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the pharmacological efficacy and mechanism of action of Atractylenolide Ⅰ(Atr-Ⅰ)in inhibiting colorectal cancer.METHODS Among three active compounds of Atractylodes macrocephala,Atr-Ⅰ exhibited the highest anti-tumor potency by MTT assay.The optimal concentration of Atr-Ⅰ was determined.The effect of Atr-Ⅰ on LoVo cell prolifera-tion was assessed via a clonogenic assay,while its impact on apoptosis and cell cycle progression was evaluated using flow cytometry.The influence of Atr-Ⅰ on the migration and invasion of LoVo cell line was examined through wound healing and Transwell migration assays.Western blot analysis was performed to explore the effects and mechanisms of Atr-Ⅰ on proteins associated with mi-gration,proliferation,and epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)in LoVo cells.The CT26 mouse subcutaneous tumor model was established,and histopathological analysis was conducted using hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining.Western blot was also used to assess the effects of Atr-Ⅰ on EMT-related proteins in mouse tissues to elucidate underlying mechanisms.RESULTS Atr-Ⅰ significantly reduced colorectal cancer cell viability,with statistically significant differences between treatment and control groups(P<0.05,P<0.01).Atr-Ⅰ induced apoptosis in LoVo cells,with the treatment group showing significant differences compared to the control(P<0.05,P<0.01).Cell cycle analysis revealed that Atr-Ⅰ exerted anti-tumor effects by inducing G2/M phase arrest,with increased G2 phase cell numbers in the LoVo treatment group compared to the control(P<0.05).Wound healing and Transwell migration assays confirmed that Atr-Ⅰ significantly inhibited tumor cell migration and invasion(P<0.05,P<0.01).Western blot analysis demonstra-ted that Atr-Ⅰ specifically suppressed the expression of c-Myc and Bcl-2(P<0.05),as well as cell cycle-related proteins CDK1,Cyclin B1,and Cyclin D1(P<0.05),and angiogenesis-related proteins VEGF and MMP9(P<0.05).Additionally,Atr-Ⅰ down-regulated EMT-related protein N-cadherin and upregulated E-cadherin expression(P<0.05).It also reduced the expression of p-AKT and p-S6K1(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Atr-Ⅰ exhibits potent anti-tumor effects against colorectal cancer,potentially through modulation of the AKT/S6K1 signaling pathway.