As traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） culture evolves， the academic thoughts of these practitioners， being a core component of TCM inheritance， are gradually shifting from traditional models to digital and intelligent approaches. However， this process faces challenges， including insufficient standardization of data collection and processing， low inheritance efficiency， and the risk of inheritance alienation. To address these issues， this paper proposed the construction of an intelligent platform following the "intelligence-transmission-modeling-linkage" path. "Intelligence" involves using smart perception technologies to accurately collect and classify diagnostic and therapeutic information from famous TCM practitioners， laying the foundation for digital inheritance； "transmission" focuses on leveraging artificial intelligence to mine and inherit the clinical experience of famous TCM practitioners， thereby establishing a "regional academic schools+group commonality" dynamic inheritance system； "modeling" integrates the academic thoughts and advantageous diseases of multiple schools to develop intelligent diagnostic and therapeutic models of famous TCM practitioners， resulting in personalized treatment plans； "linkage" involves constructing a clinical decision support system of famous TCM practitioners by integrating blockchain and generative intelligence， creating an AI digital avatar of TCM diagnostic and therapeutic knowledge. The "intelligence-transmission-modeling-linkage" intelligent inheritance model not only provides new ideas for the digital inheritance of TCM academic schools， but also offers strong support for the modernization and internationalization of TCM.

Objective:To develop a risk prediction model for identifying bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) associated pulmonary hypertension (PH) in very premature infants.Methods:This was a retrospective cohort study. The clinical data of 626 very premature infants whose gestational age <32 weeks and who suffered from BPD were collected from October 1 st, 2015 to December 31 st, 2021 of the Seventh Medical Center of the People′s Liberation Army General Hospital as a modeling set. The clinical data of 229 very premature infants with BPD of Hunan Children′s Hospital from January 1 st, 2020 to December 31 st, 2021 were collected as a validation set for external verification. The very premature infants with BPD were divided into PH group and non PH group based on the echocardiogram after 36 weeks′ corrected age in the modeling set and validation set, respectively. Univariate analysis was used to compare the basic clinical characteristics between groups, and collinearity exclusion was carried out between variables. The risk factors of BPD associated PH were further screened out by multivariate Logistic regression, and the risk assessment model was established based on these variables. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area under curve (AUC) and Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test were used to evaluate the model′s discrimination and calibration power, respectively. And the calibration curve was used to evaluate the accuracy of the model and draw the nomogram. The bootstrap repeated sampling method was used for internal verification. Finally, decision curve analysis (DCA) to evaluate the clinical practicability of the model was used. Results:A total of 626 very premature infants with BPD were included for modeling set, including 85 very premature infants in the PH group and 541 very premature infants in the non PH group. A total of 229 very premature infants with BPD were included for validation set, including 24 very premature infants in the PH group and 205 very premature infants in the non PH group. Univariate analysis of the modeling set found that 22 variables, such as artificial conception, fetal distress, gestational age, birth weight, small for gestational age, 1 minute Apgar score ≤7, antenatal corticosteroids, placental abruption, oligohydramnios, multiple pulmonary surfactant, neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS)>stage Ⅱ, early pulmonary hypertension, moderate-severe BPD, and hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (hsPDA) all had statistically significant influence between the PH group and the non PH group (all P<0.05). Antenatal corticosteroids, fetal distress, NRDS >stage Ⅱ, hsPDA, pneumonia and days of invasive mechanical ventilation were identified as predictive variables and finally included to establish the Logistic regression model. The AUC of this model was 0.86 (95% CI 0.82-0.90), the cut-off value was 0.17, the sensitivity was 0.77, and the specificity was 0.84. Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test showed that P>0.05. The AUC for external validation was 0.88, and the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test suggested P>0.05. Conclusions:A high sensitivity and specificity risk prediction model of PBD associated PH in very premature infants was established. This predictive model is useful for early clinical identification of infants at high risk of BPD associated PH.

Aim To explore the correlation between carotid atherosclerosis(CAS)and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio(NLR)in patients with early morning hypertension,and to construct a line chart model to predict the risk of CAS in patients with hypertension in the morning.Methods 255 patients with early morning hypertension hospitalized in the Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College from October 2019 to November 2022 were collected,and their basic data,blood routine and blood biochemical indexes were collected.All selected patients need to improve 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and carotid artery color ultrasound detection.According to the presence or absence of CAS,all selected patients were divided into morning hypertension with CAS group(n=197)and morning hypertension without CAS group(n=58).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the risk factors of early morning hypertension with CAS,and to construct and verify an individual line chart model to predict the risk of early morning hypertension pa-tients with CAS.Results The age,NLR,neutrophils(NE),monocytes(MO),white blood cell(WBC),total cho-lesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG)and low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDLC)increased in the early morning hyperten-sion with CAS group compared with those in the morning hypertension group without CAS,while the HDLC decreased(P＜0.05).The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the age,NLR and TC were higher in the early morning hypertension with CAS group than those in the early morning hypertension without CAS group,while HDLC was lower;Age,NLR and TC were independent risk factors of early morning hypertension with CAS,while HDLC was inde-pendent protective factors of morning hypertension with CAS.Based on the results of multivariate Logistic regression anal-ysis,an individualized line chart model for predicting early morning hypertension with CAS was constructed.The area un-der the ROC curve of the line chart model was 0.853(95％CI:0.802-0.904,P＜0.01).The result of Hosmer Leme-show fit test was x2=1.665(P＞0.05).Conclusions There was a positive correlation between NLR and morning hy-pertension with CAS,and NLR was an independent risk factor for morning hypertension with CAS.The individualized line chart model based on age,NLR,TC and HDLC can effectively predict the risk of hypertension with CAS in the early morn-ing,which provides a theoretical basis for early detection and prevention of atherosclerosis.

Perinatal medicine plays a crucial role in the rescue and treatment of newborns. Perinatal medicine emerged in the 1970s and was introduced to China in the 1980s, which had a profound influence on the development of neonatal critical care medicine in our country. On the occasion of the 110th anniversary of Professor Yan Renying's birth, the 35th anniversary of the establishment of the Society of Perinatal Medicine of the Chinese Medical Association, this article provides an overview of the history and major achievements in neonatal critical care medicine in China and offers a glimpse into the future.

Objective:To explore the effectiveness of Acute Care of the Elderly(ACE)model and its existing problems in the clinical practice for older adults with acute clinical conditions.Methods:Using the random number table method, a random number sequence was generated, and the patients admitted to the Department of Geriatrics of Shenzhen Nanshan Hospital due to acute diseases From January 2019 to September 2021 were enrolled in the ACE model intervention group(160 cases)and the control group(77 cases)in a 2: 1 ratio.The inclusion criteria were based on disease severity, frailty assessment, and activity of daily living(ADL)assessment.The intervention time was 1-3 weeks.Outcomes of the patients include ADL, hospitalization days, hospitalization expenses, drug proportion, human resource investments, adverse events, 30-day readmission rate, and 1-year mortality.Results:There were no significant difference in baseline indicators such as frailty index and ADL score between the two groups at admission.The ADL score(Barthel index)of the ACE group was significantly improved compared with the control group at discharge(81.71±14.23 vs.70.9±23.89, P<0.001)and at 30 days after discharge(85.84±15.25 vs.68.29±30.91, P<0.001). The hospital cost[(12 735.81±6 541.41)￥ vs.(16 391.54±12 962.34)￥, P=0.002], drug proportion(21.34% vs.28.93 %, P=0.036)and 30-day readmission rate(13.1% vs.23.4%, P=0.037)of the ACE group were significantly lower compared to the control group.The human resource input(32.97±6.72 vs.25.03±5.31, P=0.008)and patient satisfaction(98.23% vs.90.66%, P=0.031)in the ACE group were significantly higher than those of the control group.(4)The incidence of adverse events during hospitalization was significantly lower in the ACE group than in the control group in terms of aspiration(0.63% vs.20.8%, P<0.001), falls(0 vs.10.4%, P<0.001), incontinence dermatitis(0 vs.3.9%, P=0.033), and 1-year mortality(6.3% vs.24.7%, P<0.001). There was no significant difference in the average length of stay(8.98±4.25 vs.10.03±5.32, P=0.101), pressure sores(13.01±4.77 vs.13.27±4.89, P=0.364), DVT risk score(8.53±2.79 vs.8.89±2.76, P=0.340)and medical staff satisfaction(73% vs.80%, P=0.240)between the two groups. Conclusions:The ACE model helps to reduce the disability rate of elderly patients with frailty, adverse events during hospitalization, save drug costs, and improve patient satisfaction.It is worth promoting in geriatric practice, but its localization management details and processes still face many challenges.

Objective:To investigate the attitude of neonatologists toward the treatment of extremely preterm infants (EPIs) in China.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a questionnaire designed and posted on Wenjuanxing, a web-based survey platform, from June to July 2021. The respondents were neonatal physicians in various provinces and cities in China. The questionnaire covered the basic information, treatment experience and attitude towards EPIs, and opinions on the current definition of the preterm infant in China. The results were described or analyzed using the Chi-square test.Results:A total of 1 066 valid replies were collected. The respondents included 322 males and 744 females, among whom 78.1% (832/1 066) were assistant director physicians or director physicians, 82.8% (882/1 066) were from tertiary hospitals, and 83.0% (885/1 066) had the experiences of treating EPIs. In terms of the attitude toward the treatment of EPIs, 63.0% (672/1 066) of the respondents suggested that the lower limit of gestational age for EPIs requiring active resuscitation should be defined at 25 gestational weeks or less. Moreover, 57.1% (609/1 066) considered that the current domestic definition of preterm infants as 28 gestational age or above was inappropriate, and 75.2% (458/609) considered that the lower limit defined as preterm infants should be 25 gestational weeks or less. Concerning the treatment experience in EPIs, 54.3% (579/1 066) of the respondents suggested that in their hospital, withdrawing treatment in EPIs was common or very common, and 83.3% (888/1 066) considered that the main reason for withdrawing treatment was family members' concerns about the prognosis. Those who hesitated about treating the EPIs accounted for 71.6% (763/1 066), and 83.9% (640/763) hesitated due to the poor prognosis and possible medical disputes. Moreover, 32.7% (349/1 066) of the respondents or their colleagues had been involved in medical disputes about whether to treat EPIs, and 74.8% (797/1 066) believed that the patients should be the decision-maker on whether to treat EPIs or not.Conclusion:Most neonatal physicians in this survey hold a positive attitude toward the treatment of EPIs and believe that the lower limit of gestational age for preterm infants should be lowered. However, a hesitating attitude to the care of EPIs is still common, and uncertainty about the prognosis of EPIs remains a concern.

Extremely premature infants with <28 weeks of gestational age are at higher risk of various complications after birth and have higher mortality and disability rate due to the extremely immature organs. In recent years, with the rapid development of the perinatal medical system and related therapeutic technology, extremely preterm infants' short- and long-term prognosis has been significantly improved. Since the new century, with the rapid social and economic development, the number of treated extremely premature infants and its survival rate in China has also significantly increased. However, compared with the developed countries, the gap still exists. Here we outline the current situation of the management of extremely premature infants in China and abroad and the challenges we faced.

Objective:To discuss the correlation between the immune instability of Th17/Treg and the pathogenesis of the Henoch-Schonlein purpura(HSP)with Mpcoplasma pneumoniae(MP)infection.Methods:From June 2018 to December 2019, children who had been diagnosed as HSP in the Department of Pediatrics at Qinhuangdao First Hospital and Qinhuangdao Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, as well as in-patients with MP infection and outpatients, who had health check-up were collected.The subjects were divided into HSP group(41 cases), MP group(25 cases), HSP-MP group(19 cases) and control group(20 cases) according to the diagnosis of HSP and MP infection.The percentage of Th17 and Treg cells in peripheral venous blood of four groups were determined by flow cytometry, and the levels of interleukin(IL)-17, IL-6 and transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)in peripheral venous serum of four groups were detected by ELISA.Results:There were no statistically significant differences regarding age and gender distribution among four groups( P>0.05). The percentages of Th17 cells, IL-17 and IL-6 levels in peripheral blood of the HSP-MP group was significantly higher than those in the other three groups( P<0.05), which in HSP group and MP group were higher than that in control group( P<0.05). There was no statistical difference between HSP group and MP group( P>0.05). The percentage of Treg cells in peripheral blood was significantly lower in HSP-MP group than those in the other three groups( P<0.05), which in the HSP group and MP group were lower than those in control group( P<0.05). There was no statistical difference between HSP group and MP group( P>0.05). There were no statistically significant differences of TGF-β among the four groups( P>0.05). Conclusion:High levels of IL-17 and IL-6 may be an important factor causing severe Th17/Treg immune disorders in children with HSP combined with MP infection, which may play an important role in the pathogenesis of HSP combined with MP infection.

Objective:To screen and analyze the differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) in primary hepatocellular carcinoma tissues and adjacent tissues using bioinformatics methods to explore the molecular mechanism of the occurrence and prognosis of primary hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods:GSE76427 data set was collected through GEO database, and DEGs were identified using GEO2R online analysis. Go and KEGG databases were used for enrichment and functional annotation of DEGs. Protein interaction network was built based on the STRING database and Cytoscape software to analyze the key genes of hepatocellular carcinoma, and the survival curve of these key genes were analyzed using the GEPIA database.Results:A total of 74 hepatocellular carcinoma DEGs were screened, of which 3 and 71 were up-and-down-regulated genes. The results of GO enrichment analysis showed that the down-regulated DEGs were mainly involved in cell response to cadmium and zinc ions, negative growth regulation, heterologous metabolic processes and hormone-mediated signaling pathways. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis results showed that the down-regulated DEGs pathway were mainly involved in retinol metabolism, chemical carcinogenesis, drug metabolism-cytochrome P450, cytochrome P450 metabolizing xenobiotics, tryptophan metabolism and caffeine metabolism. Protein interaction network had screened out 10 down-regulated core genes: MT1G, MT1F, MT1X, MT1E, MT1H, insulin-like growth factor 1, FOS, CXCL12, EGR1, and BGN. Among them, the insulin-like growth factor 1 was related to the prognosis of primary hepatocellular carcinoma.Conclusion:Bioinformatics analysis results of HCC chip data showed that 10 key genes may play a key role in the occurrence and development of HCC and the insulin like growth factor 1 is associated with the prognosis of primary hepatocellular carcinoma.

Trillions of microbes reside in the human body and participate in multiple physiological and pathophysiological processes that affect host health throughout the life cycle. The microbiome is hallmarked by distinctive compositional and functional features across different life periods. Accumulating evidence has shown that microbes residing in the human body may play fundamental roles in infant development and the maturation of the immune system. Gut microbes are thought to be essential for the facilitation of infantile and childhood development and immunity by assisting in breaking down food substances to liberate nutrients, protecting against pathogens, stimulating or modulating the immune system, and exerting control over the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. This review aims to summarize the current understanding of the colonization and development of the gut microbiota in early life, highlighting the recent findings regarding the role of intestinal microbes in pediatric diseases. Furthermore, we also discuss the microbiota-mediated therapeutics that can reconfigure bacterial communities to treat dysbiosis.
Child ; Child, Preschool ; Disease ; etiology ; Dysbiosis ; therapy ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; drug effects ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn