OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effectiveness of posterior minimally invasive approach in the treatment of posterior wall acetabular fractures. METHODS: The clinical data of 17 patients with posterior wall acetabular fractures treated with posterior minimally invasive approach between March 2019 and June 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 14 males and 3 females with an average age of 41 years ranging from 28 to 57 years. The causes of injury were traffic accident in 12 cases and falling from height in 5 cases. There were 3 cases complicated with posterior hip dislocation and 2 cases complicated with sciatic nerve injury. According to AO/Orthopaedic Trauma Association (AO/OTA) classification, there were 11 cases of type A1.1 and 6 cases of type A1.2. The time from injury to operation was 5-8 days, with an average of 6.2 days. The incision length, intraoperative blood loss, and operation time were recorded. The quality of posterior wall fracture reduction were evaluated by Matta criteria, and hip function were evaluated by modified Merle d'Aubign-Postel score criteria at 6 months after operation and last follow-up. RESULTS: The operation was successfully completed in 17 cases. The length of incision ranged from 7 to 9 cm, with an average of 8.3 cm, and all incisions healed by first intention. The intraoperative blood loss ranged from 200 to 350 mL, with an average of 281 mL. The operation time ranged from 45 to 70 minutes, with an average of 57 minutes. Two patients had sciatic nerve injury before operation, and the sciatic nerve function recovered completely at 3 months after operation; the other 15 patients had no symptoms of sciatic nerve injury after operation. All the 17 patients were followed up 14-27 months, with an average of 19.5 months. At 1 week after operation, according to the Matta criteria, anatomical reduction was achieved in 12 cases and satisfactory reduction in 5 cases, with a satisfaction rate of 100%. According to the modified Merle d'Aubign-Postel scoring system, the hip function score was 13-18 (mean, 16.1) at 6 months after operation. Among them, 5 cases were excellent, 9 were good, and 3 were fair, with an excellent and good rate of 82.4%. At last follow-up, the hip function score was 7-18 (mean, 13.7), of which 3 cases were excellent, 9 were good, 3 were fair, and 2 were poor, with an excellent and good rate of 70.6%. During the follow-up, there was no infection, failure of internal fixation, and femoral head necrosis, and heterotopic ossification occurred in 2 cases. CONCLUSION The posterior minimally invasive approach has the advantages of less trauma, shorter operation time, less blood loss, without cutting off the external rotator muscle. Exposure through the gluteus medius-piriformis space and piriformis-supercilium space can provide sufficient safe exposure for the posterior wall acetabulum fracture, which is a reliable alternative approach for the posterior acetabular fracture.
Humans ; Acetabulum/surgery* ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures/methods* ; Retrospective Studies ; Fracture Fixation, Internal/instrumentation* ; Fractures, Bone/diagnostic imaging* ; Treatment Outcome ; Operative Time

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effectiveness of additional anti-rotation steel plate assisted intramedullary nail technology in treatment of aseptic femoral non-union patients. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 21 patients with aseptic femoral non-union who admitted between September 2020 and October 2024 and treated with additional anti-rotation steel plate assisted intramedullary nail technology. There were 17 males and 4 females, aged 25-67 years (mean, 44 years). There were 19 cases of femoral anterograde intramedullary nail fixation, 1 case of femoral retrograde intramedullary nail fixation, and 1 case of steel plate fixation with fatigue fracture. There were 9 cases of hypertrophic non-union and 12 cases of atrophic non-union. All patients had varying degrees of fracture end atrophy/sclerosis. Among them, 20 patients who were fixed with intramedullary nails underwent removal of soft tissue and hardened bone at the fracture end, and cortical treatment resulted in the appearance of "chili sign" at the fracture end. Iliac bone grafting and anti-rotation steel plate fixation were performed. One patient with steel plate fixation was removed the steel palte and fixed with a retrograde intramedullary nail, while the hardened bone at the fracture end was removed, iliac bone grafting and anti-rotation steel plate fixation were performed. Postoperative follow-up observation included the incision healing, maximum knee flexion range of motion, bone healing, length of lower limbs, and subjective satisfaction. The lower extremity functional scale (LEFS) score was used to evaluate the lower limb function. RESULTS: All incisions healed by first intention. All patients were followed up 7-26 months (mean, 15.5 months). At last follow-up, the femoral fracture healed with the obvious callus formation at the fracture end; the maximum knee flexion range of motion was 95°-127° (mean, 112.67°). The LEFS score increased from 29.9±6.7 before operation to 75.9±3.0 at last follow-up, and the difference was significant (t=-29.622, P<0.001). Except for 1 patient who underwent intramedullary nail dynamic treatment before operation and had a lower limb shortening of about 0.9 cm, the other patients had bilateral lower limbs of equal length. All patients had no postoperative infections, mal-union of fractures, deep vein thrombosis, joint stiffness, or other complications. CONCLUSION The use of additional anti-rotation steel plate assisted intramedullary nail technology in the treatment of aseptic femoral non-union not only overcomes the drawbacks of insufficient stability at the fracture end of intramedullary nails, but also overcomes the shortcomings of biased fixation with steel plates. It has the advantages of minimal trauma, effective maintenance of fracture stability, and ideal postoperative functional recovery, making it an effective treatment for aseptic femoral non-union.
Humans ; Male ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary/instrumentation* ; Female ; Bone Plates ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Femoral Fractures/surgery* ; Retrospective Studies ; Bone Nails ; Aged ; Fractures, Ununited/surgery* ; Treatment Outcome ; Bone Transplantation/methods* ; Steel ; Fracture Healing

Objective:To observe the clinical features and disease outcomes of patients with fundus lesions associated with novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19).Methods:A case series observational study was conducted.Eighteen eyes of 10 patients with COVID-19 related fundus lesions diagnosed in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from December 2022 to February 2023 were included.The affected eyes were examined by best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure, slit lamp microscopy, scanning laser fundus photography (SLO), infrared fundus photography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), visual field and microperimetry.After the diagnosis was confirmed, according to the patients' willingness, 6 patients were treated with mecobalamin, vinblastine, and Aescuven forte orally.The other 4 patients were treated with glucocorticoid and methylprednisolone tablets orally with an initial dose of 32 mg/d, and the dose was reduced by 4 mg every 5 days, and potassium chloride tablets, calcium carbonate tablets, and omeprazole enteric-coated capsules were taken orally.According to the diagnosis and treatment of acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN), the patients were divided into glucocorticoid treatment group (4 cases, 7 eyes) and non-glucocorticoid treatment group (4 cases, 8 eyes).The patients were followed up for 4 weeks.The BCVA, retinal morphology and structure, retinal sensitivity and fixation stability were compared before and after treatment.This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University (No.2022-KY-1482-002).Written informed consent was obtained from each subject.Results:Among the enrolled 10 cases (18 eyes), there were 9 cases (17 eyes) of AMN, including 1 eye with Purtscher-like retinopathy (PLR), 1 eye with acute para-central medial maculopathy (PAMM), and 1 eye with multiple transient white dot syndrome (MEWDS).The SLO images of AMN patients showed redbrown irregular lesions in the fovea or parafovea of the macular area.The OCT images showed patchy strong reflection between the OPL and ONL in the fovea or parafovea of the macular area, and the adjacent EZ/IZ had different degrees of local fracture, and the reflection signal was disordered.The BCVA of the eyes after 4 weeks of treatment was higher than that before treatment, and the difference was statistically significant ( Z=-2.823, P<0.05).After 4 weeks of treatment, the retinal sensitivity of the eyes was (26.57±2.24)dB, which was significantly higher than that before treatment (24.17±2.73)dB ( t=-11.329, P<0.001).There was no statistically significant difference in LogMAR BCVA and retinal sensitivity between the AMN glucocorticoid treatment group and the AMN non-glucocorticoid treatment group before and after 4 weeks of treatment ( Z=-0.986, P>0.05; t=-1.656, P>0.05). Conclusions:The main manifestations of COVID-19 related fundus lesions are AMN, PAMM, PLR, MEWDS, etc.OCT, microperimetry and other auxiliary examinations can help to diagnose the disease.The visual impairment and fundus structural changes caused by COVID-19 gradually improve after 4 weeks of treatment.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Xiaoqinglong Decoction Granules in the treatment of chronic persistent cold syndrome of bronchial asthma; To explore its treatment mechanism.Methods:A randomized double-blind controlled study was performed. Totally 60 patients from the Respiratory Department of Guang'anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2021 to January 2022 were selected as the observation subjects. They were divided into two groups using a random number table method, with 30 cases in each group. The control group was given conventional treatment plus placebo, and the experimental group was given conventional treatment plus Xiaoqinglong Decoction Granules. The treatment for both group lasted for 14d. TCM syndromes and clinical symptoms before and after treatment were scored. Asthma Control Test Questionnaire (ACT) was used to evaluate asthma control status, and the Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (Mini AQLQ) was used to evaluate the physiological and psychological effects of asthma on patients; FEV1 was detected using a German Jaeger lung function instrument FEV1/FVC. A exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) detection instrument was used to observe the changes in FeNO at a flow rate of 50 ml/s, and non-targeted metabolomics analysis was performed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS); adverse reactions were observed during treatment and drug safety was evaluated.Results:Eventually 47 cases were included, 24 cases of test group and of 23 cases of control group. Xiaoqinglong Decoction Granules could reduce the TCM syndrome score of patients with chronic duration cold syndrome of asthma ( P<0.05). 2 weeks after treatment, follow up for 4 weeks experimental group clinical symptom score [3.00(1.00,4.00),3.00(0.00,4.00) vs. 3.5(3.00,5.00), Z=8.62], breathing symptom scores [1.00(0.00,1.00),1.00(0.00,1.00) vs. 1.00(0.75,2.00), Z=6.80], cough symptom score [0.50(0.00,1.00),1.00(0.00,1.00) vs. 1.00(0.00,1.25), Z=6.12] were lower than those in the experimental group before treatment in the same group ( P<0.01 or P<0.05). The ACT score of the experimental group at 4 weeks of follow-up was [22.50 (21.00, 24.00) vs. 9.00 (15.00, 21.50), Z=-4.87], Mini AQLQ score (78.5 ± 12.46 vs. 71.27 ± 9.70, t=-2.46) and the control group had an ACT score of [24.00 (19.00, 25.00) vs. 21.5 (8.00, 23.00) Z=-3.18] at 4 weeks of follow-up was higher than before treatment in the same group ( P<0.01 or P<0.05). The experimental group was followed up for 4 weeks with a FEV1 of [2.96 (2.27, 3.49) L vs. 2.60 (2.32, 3.49) L, Z=-3.72], FEV1/FVC [(80.83 ± 6.84)% vs. (77.46 ± 8.15)%, t=-2.32] and FeNO [24.00 (12.50, 31.00) ppb vs. 30.00 (17.00, 91.00) ppb, Z=-3.72] was higher than before treatment in the same group ( P<0.01 or P<0.05). Through LC-MS technique analysis, there were 75 kinds of different metabolites between the experimental group before and after treatment, and 295 kinds of different metabolites between the control group and the experimental group after treatment. Further intersection of differential metabolites showed that they were mainly concentrated in histidine metabolic pathway, phosphonate metabolic pathway and phosphate metabolic pathway. Related metabolites 2-aminoethyl phosphonate and thiomalonic acid were involved. Conclusions:Xiaoqinglong Decoction Granules can effectively improve the TCM syndrome and clinical symptoms of patients with chronic persistent cold syndrome of asthma, especially for wheezing, cough and chest tightness, which can improve the levels of FEV1 and FEV1/FVC in patients and effectively reduce FeNO. Through metabolomics studies, it is speculated that Xiaoqinglong Decoction Granules may play a role in the treatment of asthma by regulating histidine metabolism pathway through thiomalonic acid.

Objective This study aims to comprehensively investigate the molecular characteristics of the predominant circulating Dengue virus type 1 (DENV-1) during the 2019 Dengue fever outbreak in Xishuangbanna, providing an essential insight to support the prevention and control of dengue fever in the local area. Methods A Dengue virus type 1 (DENV-1) strain, designated as JHS45, isolated from the blood of a febrile patient in Xishuangbanna in 2019, underwent a process of inoculation and cultivation in C6/36 cells. Second-generation sequencing was employed to capture the viral genetic sequence. Bioinformatics software, including CLC, was used for assembling the sequencing data. Sequentially, sequence alignment, construction of a phylogenetic tree, and analysis of amino acid sites were conducted using software such as Lasergene and MEGA6.1. Results Cytopathic effects of JHS45 appeared in C6/36 cells after 6 days. After sequencing and assembly, a 10 687-nucleotide (nt) long sequence of the JHS45 virus was obtained (GenBank accession number: OR593353). Genetic evolutionary analysis revealed that the JHS45 virus formed an evolutionary branch with DENV-1 genotype I viruses prevalent in Xishuangbanna, Guangzhou, Henan, and Zhejiang in China during 2019, as well as the DENV-1 genotype I virus prevalent in Thailand in 2013, with nucleotide homology of 97.6% to 99.9% and amino acid homology of 99.1% to 100%. Further analysis revealed that the JHS45 strain shared a smaller evolutionary branch with the DENV-1 genotype I viruses prevalent in Xishuangbanna (MW386863) and Guangzhou (MW261839) in 2019, showing the highest homology with nucleotide and amino acid homology of 99.9% and 100%, respectively. Amino acid differential site analysis between the JHS45 strain and the DENV-1 prevalent in Xishuangbanna since 2015 revealed 40 amino acid differential sites in the coding region of the JHS45 virus, primarily concentrated in the NS3 and NS5 regions of non-structural proteins. Conclusion The comprehensive analysis of the JHS45 strain's whole genome sequence indicates it is a DENV-1 genotype I virus. The genetic evolutionary relationship between this Xishuangbanna dengue fever outbreak is closely related to the prevalent virus strains in Xishuangbanna, Guangzhou, Henan, and Zhejiang. These findings provide a robust scientific foundation for monitoring dengue fever outbreaks, conducting virus evolution studies, and shaping effective prevention and control strategies, not only within Yunnan Province but also on a broader scale throughout China.

Objective:To explore the curative effect of wide pedicled with double-vessel flap of posterior lateral calf in repair of soft tissue defect in hind foot.Methods:From January 2018 to June 2021, 12 patients with soft tissue defects on hind foot were reconstructed with double-vessel flaps pedicled perforator of peroneal artery and sural nerve nutrient vessels in the Department of Trauma Orthopaedics, No.940 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army Joint Service Support Force. The patients were 8 males and 4 females, aged 9-45(27.17±12.14) years old. Time after injury to admission was 6-24(10.17±4.80) hours. Six patients were with simple soft tissue defects, 2 with tendon defects, 3 with bone defects and 1 with postoperative infection due to an open fracture. The sizes of soft tissue defect ranged from 4 cm×5 cm-8 cm×12 cm. Soft tissue defects were reconstructed by transfer of posterolateral calf flaps, and the bone defects were repaired by phase I or phase II bone grafts or antibiotic cement and membrane induction according to the wound surface. For larger bone defects, stage-II bone transport was carried out to restore the length of the hind foot. Defects of Achilles tendon were reconstructed by direct suture or tendon transposition. Foot functions were evaluated by American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Surgery(AOFAS) ankle-posterior sufficient scale, visual analogue scale(VSA) score and flap healing. All patients were included in postoperative follow-up regularly through outpatient clinic or via WeChat.Results:All 12 patients had postoperative follow-up that lasted for 6-24(12.92±6.22) months. One flap developed dark purple colour with swelling at the distal end of the flap 3 days after surgery. It eventually healed after removed some sutures from the pedicle together with blood-letting on the flap surface. Three flaps developed local infection, and they were cured after debridement, dressing change and the use of sensitive antibiotics. The remaining 8 patients had achieved good appearance of flaps and normal ankle function. According to AOFAS, scores of ankle-posterior sufficiency scale increased from 14-45(25.25±5.42) before surgery up to 65-96(75.92±7.73) at the final follow-up. Of the 12 patients, 8 were in excellent, 2 in good and 2 in fair. The VAS scores decreased from 5-8(6.55±1.13) before surgery down to 0-4(1.55±1.37) at the final follow-up. The difference had statistics significance( P<0.01). All patients had satisfactory recovery of ankle function, with the extension at 15-20 degrees and plantar flexion of 30-40 degrees. The donor site healed well and all skin grafts survived. Conclusion:The double-vessel flap pedicled with perforating branch of peroneal artery and nutrient vessels of sural nerve can be used for reconstruction of soft tissue defect of hind foot. It achieved good surgical effects with reliable blood supply, smooth venous return, strong anti-infection ability, satisfactory appearance at donor site and flap itself, as well as a good recovery of foot function.

Objective:Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by the host's imbalanced response to infection.Due to lack of effective treatments,it has always been the difficulty and focus of clinical treatment of sepsis.Studies have shown that pro-brain-derived neurotrophic factor(proBDNF)binds to the high-affinity total neurotrophic factor p75 neurotrophin receptor(p75NTR),which activates downstream signaling cascades and disrupts immunological inflammation and plays an important role in the progression of sepsis.This study aims to explore the expression changes of lymphocyte-derived proBDNF/p75NTR in patients with sepsis and its effect on lymphocyte differentiation. Methods:From the healthy donors(control group,n=40)and sepsis patients(sepsis group,n=40)admitted to the hospital for the first time,peripheral blood samples and blood routine clinical detection indicators were obtained.By using flow cytometry,the proportion of lymphocyte subsets and their expression of proBDNF/p75NTR were examined.The peripheral blood lymphocytes were isolated from the control group and incubated with lipopolysaccharide(LPS).Flow cytometry analysis technology was used to detect the expression of proBDNF/p75NTR on LPS-treated lymphocyte subsets.On this basis,we investigated the effects on lymphocyte differentiation by inhibiting p75NTR. Results:White blood cell count,neutrophil count,and neutrophil percentage of the patients in the sepsis group at admission were significantly higher than those in the control group;on the contrary,lymphocyte count and lymphocyte percentage in the sepsis group were lower than those in the control group(all P＜0.001).The patients in the sepsis group had considerably greater neutrophil/lymphocyte and monocyte/lymphocyte ratios than those in the control group(both P＜0.05).In the peripheral blood of sepsis patients,proBDNF expression was upregulated on CD19+ B cells,whereas p75NTR expression was elevated on B cells,CD4+ T cells,and CD8+ T cells(all P＜0.05).ProBDNF/p75NTR expression was upregulated by LPS stimulation in vitro in peripheral blood cells of the control group(P＜0.05),and this tendency was similar to the expression alterations in peripheral lymphocytes of the sepsis group.Inhibition of p75NTR increased CD4+ T cell and CD19+ B cell percentages,cytokine expression of IL-4 and IL-10,and reduced IL-1β and IL-6 production(all P＜0.05). Conclusion:The immunosuppressive state of sepsis patients is indicated by a reduction in lymphocyte count and an increase in the proportion of inactive neutrophils.ProBDNF/p75NTR expression is upregulated in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of sepsis patients,and p75NTR inhibition may control lymphocyte differentiation involved in sepsis progression.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effectiveness of sequential plate internal fixation in the correction of Madelung deformity after ulnar osteotomy and shortening. METHODS: The clinical data of 13 patients with Madelung deformity admitted between September 2015 and July 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 5 males and 8 females with an average age of 18.3 years ranging from 17 to 23 years. The disease duration ranged from 12 to 24 months, with an average of 17 months. Three cases had a clear history of trauma. All patients had external radial deviation deformity and limited movement of the ulnar deviation, and the ulnar impact pain was significant during ulnar deviation movement; 9 patients had limited wrist joint supination movement, and the supination movement was normal. In the first stage, ulnar osteotomy and shortening combined with external fixator were used to correct wrist deformity in 13 patients. After operation, bone transfer was performed 6 times per day, with adjustments made every 4 hours, which was 1 mm per day. After the osteotomy was in place, the ulnar plate internal fixation was performed to reconstruct the ulnar stability in the second stage. The Cooney wrist joint score was used to assess the pain, function, range of motion, flexion and extension range of motion, and grip strength of the wrist joint before operation and before the removal of internal fixator. The subjective feeling and appearance satisfaction of patients were recorded. RESULTS: After the second-stage operation, all the 13 patients were followed up 10-22 months, with an average of 15 months. The deformity of wrist joint disappeared after operation, and the flexion, extension, and ulnar deviation were basically normal. There was no complication such as ulnar impingement sign, nonunion or infection. Wrist function, pain, and range of motion were significantly improved after operation, except for 1 patient who had no significant improvement in rotation and pain. The ulnar internal fixator was removed at 10-18 months after the second-stage operation. The scores of pain, function, range of motion, flexion and extension range of motion, and grip strength in the Cooney wrist score before removal of internal fixator significantly improved when compared with those before operation ( P<0.05). Subjective and appearance satisfaction of patients were excellent in 9 cases, good in 3 cases, and fair in 1 case. CONCLUSION Ulnar osteotomy and shortening with sequential plate internal fixation for correction of Madelung deformity, with mild postoperative pain, can effectively avoid bone nonunion, improve wrist joint function, and have significant effectiveness.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Adolescent ; Retrospective Studies ; Ulna/surgery* ; Osteochondrodysplasias ; Radius Fractures/surgery* ; Wrist Joint/surgery* ; Osteotomy ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Treatment Outcome

Objective:To investigate the prediction value of observed to expected lung area to head circumference ratio (o/e LHR), measured at different gestational age with various methods, on indication for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in fetuses with isolated left-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH).Methods:Clinical data of 40 neonates who were diagnosed with left-sided CDH and treated in Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center were retrospectively collected from January 2017 to May 2021. The o/e LHRs were prenatally calculated using maximum diameter and tracing method at 22-24 and 31-33 weeks of gestation. According to whether the neonates had indications for ECMO after birth or not, they were divided into ECMO ( n=12) or non-ECMO group ( n=28). Differences in the o/e LHR and general situations between the two groups were analyzed using C hi-square test, independent sample t-test, and non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors for ECMO requirement and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the value of o/e LHR in predicting the indication for ECMO. Results:Both maximum diameter and tracing method suggested that the o/e LHR at 31-33 gestational weeks was lower than that at 22-24 gestational weeks [maximun diameter method: 40.4 (32.9-51.5) vs 45.1 (36.3-53.4), Z=－2.48, P=0.013; tracing method: 38.6 (33.2-47.6) vs 44.1 (35.9-51.7), Z=－3.29, P=0.001]. There was no statistical difference in o/e LHR detected at the same gestational weeks between the two methods (both P>0.05). Binary logistic regression showed that o/e LHR measured at 31-33 gestational weeks using maximum diameter method was an independent protective factor for ECMO requirement ( OR=0.873, 95% CI: 0.790-0.965, P=0.008). ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve for evaluating the predictive value of o/e LHR for ECMO requirement was 0.830 with the sensitivity of 83.3% and the specificity of 71.4% when the cut-off value of o/e LHR at 31-33 gestational weeks was 38.195 measured by maximum diameter method. Conclusions:The o/e LHR measured at 31-33 weeks is lower than that at 22-24 weeks of gestation by both methods. The o/e LHR measured by maximum diameter method at 31-33 weeks of gestation may be useful for predicting the ECMO indication after birth but requiring comprehensive evaluation of clinical conditions due to its insufficient predicting power.

We report the clinical features of a case of congenital extralobar pulmonary sequestration in the left upper lobe supplied by the pulmonary artery. Prenatal ultrasound examination at 24 weeks of gestation revealed a high echogenic and uniform density mass in the fetal left thoracic cavity with the congenital pulmonary airway malformation volume vatio (CVR) of 1.16, which was supplied by pulmonary arterial vessels. MRI examination at 27 weeks indicated that the left lung volume increased to about 48.52 ml, while the right lung volume was about 8.56 ml giving the total lung volume of 57.08 ml. The congenital pulmonary airway malformation in the left upper lobe was suspected to be congenital bronchial atresia (CBA) or congenital lobar overinflation (CLO). The baby boy was born through vaginal delivery assisted by forceps at 38 +1 weeks without neonatal asphyxia. Postnatal CT and MRI were both indicated suspicious bronchial atresia in the left upper lobe. Bronchofibroscopy on postnatal day 2 excluded CBA or CLO and extralobar pulmonary sequestration was considered. Thoracoscopic surgery was performed due to continuous shortness of breath after birth, despite two-week conservative treatment including oxygenation, invasive and non-invasive mechanical ventilation,etc, and congenital extralobar sequestration was diagnosed. Blood supply from the left pulmonary artery was observed at the base of abnormal lung tissue. Resection of the pathogenic tissue of the left lung was performed thoracoscopically. The boy recovered and was discharged after the operation. Pulmonary sequestration was confirmed by histopathology.