Objective By comparing the prevalence and mortality of dementia among rural people in Xi'an in 1997 and 2014 to clarify the epidemiological changes of dementia among rural people in the city over 17 years.Methods In 1997 and 2014,people aged 55 and above in villages in Xi'an were selected by random cluster sampling method,and face-to-face questionnaire survey was conducted by combining centralized and home visits.Dementia and its subtypes were diagnosed by"the three-step method";the changes of dementia prevalence and mortality were compared between the two surveys.Results The prevalence of dementia among rural residents aged 55 and above in Xi'an was 3.49％in 1997,with age-gender standardized prevalence of 2.08％.In 2014,the prevalence of dementia was 4.25％,with age-gender standardized prevalence of 2.78％.Over the 17 years,the prevalence of dementia increased by 1.79 times(OR=1.79,95％CI:1.20-2.65,P=0.004),with a 1.9-fold increase in females and a 1.67-fold increase in males.The mortality of dementia patients was 61.76‰ and age-gender standardized mortality was 60.20‰ in 1997,while the mortality was 35.71‰ and age-gender standardized mortality was 34.18‰ in 2014.The mortality of dementia decreased by 33％over the 17 years(HR=0.33,95％CI:0.15-0.74,P=0.007).Conclusion The prevalence of dementia in rural areas of Xi'an increased significantly over the 17 years,but the mortality rate decreased,and this trend was more obvious in women.

Objective By comparing the prevalence and mortality of dementia among rural people in Xi'an in 1997 and 2014 to clarify the epidemiological changes of dementia among rural people in the city over 17 years.Methods In 1997 and 2014,people aged 55 and above in villages in Xi'an were selected by random cluster sampling method,and face-to-face questionnaire survey was conducted by combining centralized and home visits.Dementia and its subtypes were diagnosed by"the three-step method";the changes of dementia prevalence and mortality were compared between the two surveys.Results The prevalence of dementia among rural residents aged 55 and above in Xi'an was 3.49％in 1997,with age-gender standardized prevalence of 2.08％.In 2014,the prevalence of dementia was 4.25％,with age-gender standardized prevalence of 2.78％.Over the 17 years,the prevalence of dementia increased by 1.79 times(OR=1.79,95％CI:1.20-2.65,P=0.004),with a 1.9-fold increase in females and a 1.67-fold increase in males.The mortality of dementia patients was 61.76‰ and age-gender standardized mortality was 60.20‰ in 1997,while the mortality was 35.71‰ and age-gender standardized mortality was 34.18‰ in 2014.The mortality of dementia decreased by 33％over the 17 years(HR=0.33,95％CI:0.15-0.74,P=0.007).Conclusion The prevalence of dementia in rural areas of Xi'an increased significantly over the 17 years,but the mortality rate decreased,and this trend was more obvious in women.

Objective:To establish a micro kinetic-chromogenic method and verify its feasibility for bacterial endo-toxin testing.Methods:Establish an addition system for micro kinetic-chromogenic lysate reagent with 25 μL and 25 μL sample,respectively.Methodological validation was conducted by examining accuracy and precision,linear-ity and range,minimum detection limit,and reagent durability.Two methods,kinetic-chromogenic method and micro kinetic-chromogenic method,were used to compare the applicability of the method to 39 different varieties.Results:The recovery rates of three doses of 0.03,0.3,and 3.0 EU·mL-1 in six repeated experiments were(96.19±16.68)％,(92.53±10.17)％,and(89.54±25.84)％,respectively.The absolute value of the correlation coefficient(r)for the six standard curves is(0.997 7±0.002 3).When the minimum sensitivity concentration of lysate reagent is 0.01 EU·mL-1,the reaction time is(3 896.0±279.6)s,which is lower than the reaction time of the negative control.The durability test results meet the requirements by two micro kinetic-chromogenic lysate reagents from different manufacturers.The research results on variety adaptability show that the recovery rates of 39 varieties are between 50％and 200％,the effectiveness of the two methods is the same.Conclusion:The accuracy and precision,linearity and range,minimum detection limit,and reagent durability of micro kinetic-chromogenic method all meet the requirements of method validation.The variety applicability is equivalent to that of the traditional kinetic-chromogenic method,so this method can be used for bacterial endotoxin detection of routine samples.

Objective: To establish a bacterial endotoxin detection method for vidarabine monophosphate for injection and conduct methodological validation for harmanizing the quality control standard of this product.
Methods: According to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020 volume Ⅳ general chapter 1143“Bacterial endotoxin test”, the limit of bacterial endotoxin was determined,interference test and endotoxin testing were performed.
Results: The bacterial endotoxin test were performed on 25 batches of test samples provided by 15 manufacturers according to the experienced experimented limitation which is the amount of endotoxin in 1 mg of adenosine monophosphate should be less than 0.06 EU. All results were found to be in compliance with the specified standards.
Conclusion: The established bacterial endotoxin method can be used for quality control of vidarabine monophosphate for injection.

Objective:To establish a micro kinetic-chromogenic method and verify its feasibility for bacterial endo-toxin testing.Methods:Establish an addition system for micro kinetic-chromogenic lysate reagent with 25 μL and 25 μL sample,respectively.Methodological validation was conducted by examining accuracy and precision,linear-ity and range,minimum detection limit,and reagent durability.Two methods,kinetic-chromogenic method and micro kinetic-chromogenic method,were used to compare the applicability of the method to 39 different varieties.Results:The recovery rates of three doses of 0.03,0.3,and 3.0 EU·mL-1 in six repeated experiments were(96.19±16.68)％,(92.53±10.17)％,and(89.54±25.84)％,respectively.The absolute value of the correlation coefficient(r)for the six standard curves is(0.997 7±0.002 3).When the minimum sensitivity concentration of lysate reagent is 0.01 EU·mL-1,the reaction time is(3 896.0±279.6)s,which is lower than the reaction time of the negative control.The durability test results meet the requirements by two micro kinetic-chromogenic lysate reagents from different manufacturers.The research results on variety adaptability show that the recovery rates of 39 varieties are between 50％and 200％,the effectiveness of the two methods is the same.Conclusion:The accuracy and precision,linearity and range,minimum detection limit,and reagent durability of micro kinetic-chromogenic method all meet the requirements of method validation.The variety applicability is equivalent to that of the traditional kinetic-chromogenic method,so this method can be used for bacterial endotoxin detection of routine samples.

The characteristics of virus-like particle (VLP) of JC virus (JCV) as a vector for targeting gene delivery was determined. The exogenous DNA (PUC19) packaged in VLP-Z was resistant to DNase I. VLP-Z was able to deliver a reporter plasmid pEGFP-N1 into HeLa cells and the green fluorescent reporter protein was expressed in these cells. VLP-Z was also able to bind IgG by interaction with the Z fragment of VLP-Z and IgG. These results suggested that VLP-Z might be used as a vector to deliver therapeutic genes to target cells with incorporating IgG antibodies.
Gene Targeting ; methods ; Gene Transfer Techniques ; Genetic Therapy ; methods ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; metabolism ; JC Virus ; genetics ; metabolism ; Virion ; genetics ; metabolism