Objective: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and spatial-temporal clustering of varicella in Changchun City from 2020 to 2024, so as to provide the evidence for formulating local varicella prevention and control measures. Methods: The individual case data of varicella were collected through the Surveillance and Reporting Management System of the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System in Changchun City from 2020 to 2024. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the population ,regional, and temporal distribution. Spatial autocorrelation and spatio-temporal scanning analyses were used to identify the spatial-temporal clustering characteristics. Results: A total of 8 850 varicella cases were reported in Changchun City from 2020 to 2024, with an average annual incidence of 19.64/105. There were 4 929 male cases and 3 921 female cases, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.26∶1. The age was mainly 0-<20 years (6 649 cases, 75.13%), and students were the predominant occupation (6 036 cases, 68.20%). The top three counties (cities, districts) with the highest number of cases were Chaoyang District (1 944 cases), Gongzhuling City (1 054 cases) and Nanguan District (987 cases), accounting for 45.03%. The peak incidence periods were from April to June and from October to December, with 2 166 and 4 226 cases, accounting for 24.47% and 47.75%, respectively. Spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that spatial clustering existed from 2020 to 2024. The high-high clustering areas were mainly some townships (streets) in Chaoyang District, Nanguan District, Changchun New District and Jingyue District. Spatio-temporal scanning analysis identified 6 high-risk clustering areas. The class Ⅰ clustering area was Nanhu Street in Chaoyang District, with the clustering period from September 2020 to February 2022. Conclusions Varicella cases in Changchun City were mainly males and students aged 0-<20 years from 2020 to 2024. The peak incidence was mainly in winter. Chaoyang District was a high-risk area, with obvious spatial-temporal clustering.

Objective To evaluate the rehabilitative effect of targeted sonic vibration load brushing method in stroke patients with oral phase swallowing disorders.Methods A total of 60 stroke patients with swallowing disor-ders,who hospitalized in the rehabilitation department of a Grade Ⅲ Class A hospital in Nanjing City from October 2023 to May 2024,were randomly assigned to an experimental group and a control group,with 30 patients in each group.Both groups received the conventional swallowing function training.The experimental group received targeted sonic vibration load brushing therapy,while the control group received routine oral care with manual toothbrushes.After 30 days of intervention,the swallowing function(Gugging Swallowing Screen,GUSS),modified Beck oral score,incidence of swallowing disorder-related complications,Swallowing Quality of Life(SWAL-QOL)scores,and oral care satisfaction were assessed in both groups.Results No sample detachment.After the intervention,the GUSS score for the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group,with a statistical difference(Z=-4.239,P＜0.001).Additionally,the modified Beck oral score and the overall complications rate related to swallowing disor-ders in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group(both P＜0.05).Furthermore,the SWAL-QOL score and the oral care satisfaction score were both higher in the experimental group compared to those in the control group,with statistically significant differences(both P＜0.001).Conclusion Targeted sonic vibration load brushing method significantly improves swallowing function,enhances oral cleanliness,reduces the occurrence of swallowing disorder-related complications,and effectively improves patients' quality of life and nursing satisfaction.

Hydrosalpinx is one of the common causes of female infertility and a more common type of chronic tubal inflammation. Hydrosalpinx may reduce the success of assisted reproductive technology (ART) through a variety of mechanisms, including mechanical flushing of the embryo, embryo toxicity, reduced endometrial receptivity, and suppression of ovarian function. The effect of hydrosalpinx and its treatment strategy on ovarian response during controlled superovulation is controversial in existing studies, and there are fewer studies on the effect of hydrosalpinx on embryo quality. In this article, we clarify the pathophysiological mechanisms of hydrosalpinx, analyze its potential impact on ovarian response and embryo quality, and further explore the impact of therapeutic strategies for tubal hydrosalpinx on ART outcomes.

Hydrosalpinx is one of the common causes of female infertility and a more common type of chronic tubal inflammation. Hydrosalpinx may reduce the success of assisted reproductive technology (ART) through a variety of mechanisms, including mechanical flushing of the embryo, embryo toxicity, reduced endometrial receptivity, and suppression of ovarian function. The effect of hydrosalpinx and its treatment strategy on ovarian response during controlled superovulation is controversial in existing studies, and there are fewer studies on the effect of hydrosalpinx on embryo quality. In this article, we clarify the pathophysiological mechanisms of hydrosalpinx, analyze its potential impact on ovarian response and embryo quality, and further explore the impact of therapeutic strategies for tubal hydrosalpinx on ART outcomes.

Objective To evaluate the rehabilitative effect of targeted sonic vibration load brushing method in stroke patients with oral phase swallowing disorders.Methods A total of 60 stroke patients with swallowing disor-ders,who hospitalized in the rehabilitation department of a Grade Ⅲ Class A hospital in Nanjing City from October 2023 to May 2024,were randomly assigned to an experimental group and a control group,with 30 patients in each group.Both groups received the conventional swallowing function training.The experimental group received targeted sonic vibration load brushing therapy,while the control group received routine oral care with manual toothbrushes.After 30 days of intervention,the swallowing function(Gugging Swallowing Screen,GUSS),modified Beck oral score,incidence of swallowing disorder-related complications,Swallowing Quality of Life(SWAL-QOL)scores,and oral care satisfaction were assessed in both groups.Results No sample detachment.After the intervention,the GUSS score for the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group,with a statistical difference(Z=-4.239,P＜0.001).Additionally,the modified Beck oral score and the overall complications rate related to swallowing disor-ders in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group(both P＜0.05).Furthermore,the SWAL-QOL score and the oral care satisfaction score were both higher in the experimental group compared to those in the control group,with statistically significant differences(both P＜0.001).Conclusion Targeted sonic vibration load brushing method significantly improves swallowing function,enhances oral cleanliness,reduces the occurrence of swallowing disorder-related complications,and effectively improves patients' quality of life and nursing satisfaction.

Background and aim:Few studies have reported hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)kinetics after nucleos(t)ide analog(NA)discontinuation in patients with noncirrhotic chronic hepatitis B(CHB).The study specifically investigated long-term HBsAg kinetics after NA discontinuation. Methods:Between January 2014 to January 2024,this study prospectively enrolled 106 outpatients with noncirrhotic CHB who met the discontinuation criteria after NA consolidation treatment.Demographic,clinical,and laboratory data were collected and analyzed after NA discontinuation. Results:Ninety-six patients who finished 5 years of follow-up were included.HBsAg remained unde-tectable in 29 patients with end of treatment(EOT)HBsAg negativity.Among 67 patients with EOT HBsAg positivity,HBsAg seroclearance occurred in 12(17.9％)patients with an estimated annual inci-dence of HBsAg seroclearance of 3.6％.Patients with EOT HBsAg levels of ≤1000 IU/mL had a higher HBsAg seroclearance rate than those with EOT HBsAg levels of＞1000 IU/mL(33.3％vs.5.4％).The pro-portion of patients with HBsAg ≤1000 IU/mL increased during follow-up.Logistic regression analysis indicated that the EOT HBsAg level was an independent factor for HBsAg seroclearance and an HBsAg level decline exceeding 1 log10 IU/mL.The optimal EOT HBsAg cutoff for both HBsAg seroclearance and an HBsAg level decline exceeding 1 log10 IU/mL was 359 IU/mL. Conclusions:Patients with EOT HBsAg negativity experienced no relapse and maintained HBsAg sero-clearance during 5 years of follow-up after NA discontinuation.A higher HBsAg seroclearance rate can be obtained in patients with EOT HBsAg levels of ≤1000 IU/mL during 5 years of follow-up after NA discontinuation.Close monitoring and proper NA retreatment are recommended to guarantee the safety of NA discontinuation.

Objective: To establish a bacterial endotoxin detection method for vidarabine monophosphate for injection and conduct methodological validation for harmanizing the quality control standard of this product.
Methods: According to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020 volume Ⅳ general chapter 1143“Bacterial endotoxin test”, the limit of bacterial endotoxin was determined,interference test and endotoxin testing were performed.
Results: The bacterial endotoxin test were performed on 25 batches of test samples provided by 15 manufacturers according to the experienced experimented limitation which is the amount of endotoxin in 1 mg of adenosine monophosphate should be less than 0.06 EU. All results were found to be in compliance with the specified standards.
Conclusion: The established bacterial endotoxin method can be used for quality control of vidarabine monophosphate for injection.

Objective:To establish a micro kinetic-chromogenic method and verify its feasibility for bacterial endo-toxin testing.Methods:Establish an addition system for micro kinetic-chromogenic lysate reagent with 25 μL and 25 μL sample,respectively.Methodological validation was conducted by examining accuracy and precision,linear-ity and range,minimum detection limit,and reagent durability.Two methods,kinetic-chromogenic method and micro kinetic-chromogenic method,were used to compare the applicability of the method to 39 different varieties.Results:The recovery rates of three doses of 0.03,0.3,and 3.0 EU·mL-1 in six repeated experiments were(96.19±16.68)％,(92.53±10.17)％,and(89.54±25.84)％,respectively.The absolute value of the correlation coefficient(r)for the six standard curves is(0.997 7±0.002 3).When the minimum sensitivity concentration of lysate reagent is 0.01 EU·mL-1,the reaction time is(3 896.0±279.6)s,which is lower than the reaction time of the negative control.The durability test results meet the requirements by two micro kinetic-chromogenic lysate reagents from different manufacturers.The research results on variety adaptability show that the recovery rates of 39 varieties are between 50％and 200％,the effectiveness of the two methods is the same.Conclusion:The accuracy and precision,linearity and range,minimum detection limit,and reagent durability of micro kinetic-chromogenic method all meet the requirements of method validation.The variety applicability is equivalent to that of the traditional kinetic-chromogenic method,so this method can be used for bacterial endotoxin detection of routine samples.

Objective:To establish a micro kinetic-chromogenic method and verify its feasibility for bacterial endo-toxin testing.Methods:Establish an addition system for micro kinetic-chromogenic lysate reagent with 25 μL and 25 μL sample,respectively.Methodological validation was conducted by examining accuracy and precision,linear-ity and range,minimum detection limit,and reagent durability.Two methods,kinetic-chromogenic method and micro kinetic-chromogenic method,were used to compare the applicability of the method to 39 different varieties.Results:The recovery rates of three doses of 0.03,0.3,and 3.0 EU·mL-1 in six repeated experiments were(96.19±16.68)％,(92.53±10.17)％,and(89.54±25.84)％,respectively.The absolute value of the correlation coefficient(r)for the six standard curves is(0.997 7±0.002 3).When the minimum sensitivity concentration of lysate reagent is 0.01 EU·mL-1,the reaction time is(3 896.0±279.6)s,which is lower than the reaction time of the negative control.The durability test results meet the requirements by two micro kinetic-chromogenic lysate reagents from different manufacturers.The research results on variety adaptability show that the recovery rates of 39 varieties are between 50％and 200％,the effectiveness of the two methods is the same.Conclusion:The accuracy and precision,linearity and range,minimum detection limit,and reagent durability of micro kinetic-chromogenic method all meet the requirements of method validation.The variety applicability is equivalent to that of the traditional kinetic-chromogenic method,so this method can be used for bacterial endotoxin detection of routine samples.

Objective:To explore benefit finding in patients receiving combined heart-lung transplantation (CHLT) , and provide a reference for improving clinical nursing work.Methods:From September to October 2019, totally 6 patients who survived after CHLT in the Department of Cardiac Surgery at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University were selected by purposive sampling for semi-structured interviews in terms of their benefit finding using phenomenological methods. Colaizzi's seven-step analysis was used to organize and analyze the interview results.Results:The patients undergoing CHLT showed a sense of benefit finding, which could be summarized into four themes, namely, changes in mental quality (learning to be grateful and contented, understanding the meaning of life, learning to be open-minded and optimistic) , improved learning initiative (actively learning drug-related knowledge, the knowledge of rehabilitation and exercise, the knowledge of diet and nutrition, and the knowledge of prevention of complications) , perceiving social support (family members changed life habits, family members actively learned disease knowledge, improved communication between patients and family members and friends) , and actively planning future life.Conclusions:The patients receiving CHLT can experience a sense of benefit finding in the rehabilitation after organ transplantation. Medical staff should understand the sense of benefit finding in patients receiving CHLT, promote the early generation of benefiting finding, and provide targeted guidance to patients.