Acute lung injury (ALI) is a severe disease caused by viral infection that triggers an uncontrolled inflammatory response. This study investigated the capacity of jasurolignoside (JO), a natural compound, to bind to Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and treat ALI. The anti-inflammatory properties of JO were evaluated in vitro through Western blotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunofluorescence staining, and co-immunoprecipitation. The investigation utilized a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI animal model to examine the therapeutic efficacy and mechanism of JO in vivo. JO attenuated inflammatory symptoms in infected cells and tissues by modulating the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Molecular docking simulations revealed JO binding to TLR4 active sites, confirmed by cellular thermal shift assay. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) demonstrated direct interaction between JO and TLR4 with a Kd value of 35.1 μmol·L^-1. Moreover, JO inhibited tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-6 secretion and reduced leukocyte, neutrophil, lymphocyte, and macrophage infiltration in ALI-affected mice. JO also enhanced lung function and reduced ALI-related mortality. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated JO's ability to suppress TLR4 expression in ALI-affected mouse lung tissue. This study establishes that JO can bind to TLR4 and effectively treat ALI, indicating its potential as a therapeutic agent for clinical applications.
Toll-Like Receptor 4/chemistry* ; Animals ; Acute Lung Injury/chemically induced* ; Mice ; Humans ; Ilex/chemistry* ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Male ; NF-kappa B/immunology* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/immunology* ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics* ; Interleukin-1beta/genetics* ; RAW 264.7 Cells ; Disease Models, Animal

Objective:To investigate the effects of Jianpi Rougan Xifeng Decoction on the behaviors and the Ca 2+ -CaM-CaMK Ⅱ signaling pathway in the striatum of rats with tic disorder models. Methods:Seventy-two SPF-grade SD male rats were randomly divided into blank group, model group, tiapride group (15.93 mg/kg, intragastric administration), low-dose (4.32 g/kg, intragastric administration), medium-dose (8.64 g/kg, intragastric administration) and high-dose (17.28 g/kg, intragastric administration) Jianpi Rougan Xifeng Decoction groups, with 12 rats in each group. Rats in the blank group and model group were gavaged with 0.5 mg/kg of distilled water while rats in other 4 groups were gavaged with corresponding drugs, all rats were gavaged once a day for 28 days.The evaluations of motor behavior and stereotyped behavior were conducted using the Kadasah scoring method and the Diamond scoring method. Calcium content in the striatum was detected using a calcium assay kit. Immunohistochemical analysis was employed to detect the expression of dopamine transporter (DAT) and inositol 1, 4, 5-triphosphate (IP3) in the striatum of rats. Western blot was used to assess the expression of calmodulin (CaM) and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Ⅱ (CaMK Ⅱ) in the striatum. RT-PCR was utilized to detect the expression of CaM and CaMK Ⅱ mRNA in the striatum. All data were processed using SPSS 26.0 software, and comparisons among multiple groups were performed using one-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test.Results:(1) After four weeks of pharmacological intervention, statistically significant differences were observed in the locomotor activity scores and stereotyped scores among the six groups of rats ( H=41.20, 44.24, both P<0.01). Specifically, the locomotor activity scores(3.00(3.00, 3.25), 1.00(0.75, 1.25), 1.00(0.75, 2.00), 1.00(0, 1.00)) and stereotyped scores(3.00(3.00, 4.00), 1.00(0.75, 2.00), 2.00(0.75, 2.00), 1.00(0, 1.25)) in the tiapride group and the medium- and high-dose Jianpi Rougan Xifeng Decoction groups were significantly lower than those in the model group (all P<0.01). (2) Results from the calcium assay kit revealed statistically significant differences in striatal calcium content among the six groups of rats ( F=146.67, P<0.01). The calcium content in the tiapride group and the medium- and high-dose Jianpi Rougan Xifeng Decoction groups was significantly lower than that in the model group (all P<0.01). Additionally, the calcium content in the medium-dose ((0.40±0.02)mmol/g) and high-dose ((0.30±0.03)mmol/g) Jianpi Rougan Xifeng Decoction groups was lower than that in the low-dose group ((0.48±0.02)mmol/g) (both P<0.01). (3) Immunohistochemical results showed that there were statistically significant differences in the mean optical density values of DAT and IP3 in the striatum among the six groups of rats ( F=25.57, 154.98, both P<0.01). The IP3 mean optical density in the tiapride group and the Jianpi Rougan Xifeng Decoction groups with medium and high doses exhibited lower values compared to the model group (all P<0.05), whereas the DAT mean optical density displayed higher values in these groups compared to the model group (all P<0.05). The low-dose Jianpi Rougan Xifeng Decoction group also exhibited a lower optical density value of IP3 compared to the model group( P<0.05). The optical density values of IP3 (2.68±0.21, 2.40±0.22) in the medium-dose and high-dose Jianpi Rougan Xifeng Decoction groups were lower than that in the low-dose group (4.27±0.23) (both P<0.01). (4) Western blot results indicated that there were statistically significant differences in the protein expression levels of CaM and CaMK Ⅱ in the striatum among the six groups of rats ( F=233.03, 118.60, both P<0.01). The protein expression levels of CaM and CaMK Ⅱ in the tiapride group and the low-dose, medium-dose, and high-dose Jianpi Rougan Xifeng Decoction groups were lower than those in the model group (all P<0.01). The protein expression levels of CaM (1.02±0.06, 0.84±0.02) and CaMK Ⅱ (0.48±0.03, 0.40±0.02) in the medium-dose and high-dose Jianpi Rougan Xifeng Decoction groups were lower than those in the low-dose group (1.21±0.03, 0.57±0.02)) (all P<0.05). Additionally, the protein expression level of CaM in the high-dose Jianpi Rougan Xifeng Decoction group was lower than that in the medium-dose group( P<0.05).(5) The RT-PCR results indicated significant variations in the mRNA expression levels of CaM and CaMK Ⅱ within the striatum across the six groups rats ( F=30.54, 20.78, both P<0.01). The mRNA expression levels of CaM and CaMK Ⅱ in the tiapride group and the high-dose Jianpi Rougan Xifeng Decoction group were lower than those in the model group (both P<0.05). The mRNA expression levels of CaMK Ⅱ (1.38±0.17) in the high-dose Jianpi Rougan Xifeng Decoction group were lower than those in the low-dose group (1.99±0.27) ( P<0.01). Conclusion:Jianpi Rougan Xifeng Decoction can improve locomotor activity and stereotyped behavior in rats with tic disorder model. The mechanism may be through inhibiting the Ca 2+ -CaM-CaMK Ⅱ signaling pathway and regulating the expression of DAT and IP3, thereby modulating the release and recovery of dopamine and reducing the occurrence of tic symptoms.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the ethanol extracts,total phenols,total flavonoids contents and HPLC fingerprints of typi-cal propolis samples from 6 foreign countries and 5 domestic regions,optimize the extraction process and evaluate the antioxidant activi-ty,so as to provide data support for improving the quality control system of propolis.METHODS The optimization of the propolis ex-traction process utilized flavonoid content as an indicator.Three flavonoid detection methods-namely,the aluminum trichloride meth-od,aluminum nitrate method,and polyamide method-were compared.The content of ethanol extract,total phenol content,and the scavenging ability of DPPH free radicals for each sample were determined.Further analysis was conducted using HPLC fingerprint pro-filing.RESULTS The propolis extract with the highest flavonoid content was obtained using 80%ethanol as the extraction solvent,operating at 50℃,with a stirring time of 3 h,ultrasonic power of 180 W,and ultrasonic time of 15 min.The aluminum trichloride method was proved to be the most effective for determining total flavonoids in propolis.While the ethanol extract,total flavonoids,and total phenols of propolis from Xinjiang,China were relatively low,their antioxidant activity exhibited superiority.HPLC analysis re-vealed,Brazilian red propolis lacked of chrysin,galangin,caffeic acid phenethyl ester and Brazilian green propolis lacked ferulic acid,apigenin,p-coumaric acid,chrysin,and pinocembrin.In contrast,the content of these four compounds in other samples varied,with the antioxidant capacity of the extracts not precisely corresponding to the compound content.CONCLUSION Propolis exhibits a complex chemical composition with significant variations among varieties.Key quality control indexes must be comprehensively consid-ered,encompassing physicochemical characteristics and biological activity.Establishing a multi-angle assessment system with a mate-rial basis-functional linkage is essential.This approach facilitates the realization of high quality and cost-effectiveness,thereby promo-ting the healthy development of the industry.

Objective:To investigate the effects of Jianpi Rougan Xifeng Decoction on the behaviors and the Ca 2+ -CaM-CaMK Ⅱ signaling pathway in the striatum of rats with tic disorder models. Methods:Seventy-two SPF-grade SD male rats were randomly divided into blank group, model group, tiapride group (15.93 mg/kg, intragastric administration), low-dose (4.32 g/kg, intragastric administration), medium-dose (8.64 g/kg, intragastric administration) and high-dose (17.28 g/kg, intragastric administration) Jianpi Rougan Xifeng Decoction groups, with 12 rats in each group. Rats in the blank group and model group were gavaged with 0.5 mg/kg of distilled water while rats in other 4 groups were gavaged with corresponding drugs, all rats were gavaged once a day for 28 days.The evaluations of motor behavior and stereotyped behavior were conducted using the Kadasah scoring method and the Diamond scoring method. Calcium content in the striatum was detected using a calcium assay kit. Immunohistochemical analysis was employed to detect the expression of dopamine transporter (DAT) and inositol 1, 4, 5-triphosphate (IP3) in the striatum of rats. Western blot was used to assess the expression of calmodulin (CaM) and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Ⅱ (CaMK Ⅱ) in the striatum. RT-PCR was utilized to detect the expression of CaM and CaMK Ⅱ mRNA in the striatum. All data were processed using SPSS 26.0 software, and comparisons among multiple groups were performed using one-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test.Results:(1) After four weeks of pharmacological intervention, statistically significant differences were observed in the locomotor activity scores and stereotyped scores among the six groups of rats ( H=41.20, 44.24, both P<0.01). Specifically, the locomotor activity scores(3.00(3.00, 3.25), 1.00(0.75, 1.25), 1.00(0.75, 2.00), 1.00(0, 1.00)) and stereotyped scores(3.00(3.00, 4.00), 1.00(0.75, 2.00), 2.00(0.75, 2.00), 1.00(0, 1.25)) in the tiapride group and the medium- and high-dose Jianpi Rougan Xifeng Decoction groups were significantly lower than those in the model group (all P<0.01). (2) Results from the calcium assay kit revealed statistically significant differences in striatal calcium content among the six groups of rats ( F=146.67, P<0.01). The calcium content in the tiapride group and the medium- and high-dose Jianpi Rougan Xifeng Decoction groups was significantly lower than that in the model group (all P<0.01). Additionally, the calcium content in the medium-dose ((0.40±0.02)mmol/g) and high-dose ((0.30±0.03)mmol/g) Jianpi Rougan Xifeng Decoction groups was lower than that in the low-dose group ((0.48±0.02)mmol/g) (both P<0.01). (3) Immunohistochemical results showed that there were statistically significant differences in the mean optical density values of DAT and IP3 in the striatum among the six groups of rats ( F=25.57, 154.98, both P<0.01). The IP3 mean optical density in the tiapride group and the Jianpi Rougan Xifeng Decoction groups with medium and high doses exhibited lower values compared to the model group (all P<0.05), whereas the DAT mean optical density displayed higher values in these groups compared to the model group (all P<0.05). The low-dose Jianpi Rougan Xifeng Decoction group also exhibited a lower optical density value of IP3 compared to the model group( P<0.05). The optical density values of IP3 (2.68±0.21, 2.40±0.22) in the medium-dose and high-dose Jianpi Rougan Xifeng Decoction groups were lower than that in the low-dose group (4.27±0.23) (both P<0.01). (4) Western blot results indicated that there were statistically significant differences in the protein expression levels of CaM and CaMK Ⅱ in the striatum among the six groups of rats ( F=233.03, 118.60, both P<0.01). The protein expression levels of CaM and CaMK Ⅱ in the tiapride group and the low-dose, medium-dose, and high-dose Jianpi Rougan Xifeng Decoction groups were lower than those in the model group (all P<0.01). The protein expression levels of CaM (1.02±0.06, 0.84±0.02) and CaMK Ⅱ (0.48±0.03, 0.40±0.02) in the medium-dose and high-dose Jianpi Rougan Xifeng Decoction groups were lower than those in the low-dose group (1.21±0.03, 0.57±0.02)) (all P<0.05). Additionally, the protein expression level of CaM in the high-dose Jianpi Rougan Xifeng Decoction group was lower than that in the medium-dose group( P<0.05).(5) The RT-PCR results indicated significant variations in the mRNA expression levels of CaM and CaMK Ⅱ within the striatum across the six groups rats ( F=30.54, 20.78, both P<0.01). The mRNA expression levels of CaM and CaMK Ⅱ in the tiapride group and the high-dose Jianpi Rougan Xifeng Decoction group were lower than those in the model group (both P<0.05). The mRNA expression levels of CaMK Ⅱ (1.38±0.17) in the high-dose Jianpi Rougan Xifeng Decoction group were lower than those in the low-dose group (1.99±0.27) ( P<0.01). Conclusion:Jianpi Rougan Xifeng Decoction can improve locomotor activity and stereotyped behavior in rats with tic disorder model. The mechanism may be through inhibiting the Ca 2+ -CaM-CaMK Ⅱ signaling pathway and regulating the expression of DAT and IP3, thereby modulating the release and recovery of dopamine and reducing the occurrence of tic symptoms.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the ethanol extracts,total phenols,total flavonoids contents and HPLC fingerprints of typi-cal propolis samples from 6 foreign countries and 5 domestic regions,optimize the extraction process and evaluate the antioxidant activi-ty,so as to provide data support for improving the quality control system of propolis.METHODS The optimization of the propolis ex-traction process utilized flavonoid content as an indicator.Three flavonoid detection methods-namely,the aluminum trichloride meth-od,aluminum nitrate method,and polyamide method-were compared.The content of ethanol extract,total phenol content,and the scavenging ability of DPPH free radicals for each sample were determined.Further analysis was conducted using HPLC fingerprint pro-filing.RESULTS The propolis extract with the highest flavonoid content was obtained using 80%ethanol as the extraction solvent,operating at 50℃,with a stirring time of 3 h,ultrasonic power of 180 W,and ultrasonic time of 15 min.The aluminum trichloride method was proved to be the most effective for determining total flavonoids in propolis.While the ethanol extract,total flavonoids,and total phenols of propolis from Xinjiang,China were relatively low,their antioxidant activity exhibited superiority.HPLC analysis re-vealed,Brazilian red propolis lacked of chrysin,galangin,caffeic acid phenethyl ester and Brazilian green propolis lacked ferulic acid,apigenin,p-coumaric acid,chrysin,and pinocembrin.In contrast,the content of these four compounds in other samples varied,with the antioxidant capacity of the extracts not precisely corresponding to the compound content.CONCLUSION Propolis exhibits a complex chemical composition with significant variations among varieties.Key quality control indexes must be comprehensively consid-ered,encompassing physicochemical characteristics and biological activity.Establishing a multi-angle assessment system with a mate-rial basis-functional linkage is essential.This approach facilitates the realization of high quality and cost-effectiveness,thereby promo-ting the healthy development of the industry.

ObjectiveTo explore the impact of Gegen Qinliantang（GQT） on the fecal short-chain fatty acids（SCFAs） metabolism in antibiotic-associated diarrhea（AAD） through targeted metabolomics. MethodA total of 240 SD rats were randomly divided into six groups（n=40， half male and half female）， including blank group， model group， bifidobiogen group（0.15 g·kg^-1）， and GQT high-， medium-， and low-dose groups（10.08， 5.04， 2.52 g·kg^-1）， except for the blank group， clindamycin（250 mg·kg^-1） was given to all groups by gavage for modeling every day for 7 d. After successful modeling， each administered group was gavaged with the corresponding dose of the drug， and the blank and model groups were gavaged with an equal volume of normal saline solution， 1 time/d， for 14 d. At 0， 3， 7， 14 d after the drug intervention， eight rats were randomly selected from each group， respectively. Gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry（GC-TOF-MS） was used to perform targeted metabolomic analysis of SCFAs in the feces of rats， and partial least squares-discriminant analysis（PLS-DA） was applied to compare the differences in metabolic profiles between groups at different treatment times， and to compare the changes in the contents of SCFAs in rat feces between groups. ResultPLS-DA results showed that the blank group could be clearly distinguishable from the model group， with GQT exhibiting a closer proximity to the blank group after 7 d of treatment. After further analyzing the composition of SCFAs， it was found that the proportion of acetic acid increased and the proportions of butyric acid， valeric acid， hexanoic acid and isovaleric acid decreased in the model group compared with the blank group. After the treatment with GQT， the proportions of butyric acid， isobutyric acid， valeric acid， and isovaleric acid increased， and the proportions of acetic acid， propionic acid and caproic acid decreased. Subsequent differential analysis revealed that GQT could significantly improve the content of butyric acid， and had a certain retrogressive effect on the contents of valeric acid and hexanoic acid. ConclusionThe medium dose group of GQT can improve the contents of SCFAs in AAD feces after 7 days of treatment， which may be related to the improvement of the composition ratio of SCFAs and the contents of butyric acid， valeric acid and caproic acid.

To explore the application of humanistic care in children's fever clinics,the children's fever clinics of Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center conducted relevant research using narrative medicine as a guiding concept.This paper elaborated on the medical humanistic dilemmas and narrative care needs in children's fever clinics,and focused on exploring the practice paths of narrative medicine in pediatric with Chinese characteristics from five dimensions,including the cultivation of nursing staff's abilities of professional narrative and humanistic care,the establishment of health lectures featuring narrative patient education,the alleviation of medical anxiety for children and their families,related support of narrative nursing,and caring services.The aim was to improve the narrative care ability of nurses in children's fever clinics,develop methods for pediatric patients that can eliminate the fear of seeking medical treatment,and protect children's physical and mental health.A carrier of care,support,and emotional expression can be provided for parents.The foundation for nursing staff to achieve professional growth through narrative reflection can be laid.Thus,it can assist in establishing a life narrative community relationship between doctors and patients,and jointly explore the meaning of life.

Background With the rapid industrialization, cadmium has become a primary heavy metal pollutant in cultivated land soil in China, which seriously affects human health. Previous studies have found that cadmium exposure associates with cognitive dysfunction in individuals, but there is a lack of research on the mechanism of cadmium exposure associated cognitive impairment in offspring in early life which is more vulnerable to various toxins and crucial for development of the neuro. Objective To explore the potential mechanism of brain-derived neurotrophic factor/tyrosine kinase receptor B (BDNF-TrkB) signaling pathway in cognitive dysfunction in mice after cadmium exposure in early-life. Methods Twelve 8-week-old C57BL/6 pregnant mice were randomly divided into 2 groups, namely control group and cadmium exposure group, with 6 mice in each group. The exposure period was from pregnancy day 4.5 to lactation day 21 (E4.5-P21), during which distilled water or cadmium chloride solution (2.5 mg·kg⁻¹·d⁻¹) was given. After lactation, the offspring of the control group and the cadmium exposure group were given distilled water until 8 weeks of age. Then the toxicity effects of cadmium exposure on mice were evaluated by body weight and selected biochemical indicators. The cadmium content in brain was detected and the learning and memory ability was tested by Y maze and Morris water maze to evaluate cognitive function of offspring mice. Histopathological changes of the hippocampus were observed after Nissl staining and Golgi staining. The mRNA and protein expression levels of the BDNF-TrkB pathway and synapse were detected by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) and Western blot. Results Compared with the control group, no significant change was found in body weight, liver or kidney function in the cadmium exposure group (P> 0.05). However, compared with the control group, the cadmium content in brain was increased in the cadmium exposure group (P<0.001). The behavioral changes associated with cognitive dysfunction were positive in the cadmium exposure group (all P<0.05). The histopathological observation after Nissl staining showed abnormal tissue structure, decreased number of neurons and increased karyopyknosis in the cadmium exposure group (P<0.01).The spine density of Golgi staining was decreased in the cadmium exposure group (P<0.001). The BDNF-TrkB pathway-related mRNA and the synapse-related mRNA in the hippocampus were reduced in the cadmium exposure group (all P<0.05). The expression levels of BDNF-TrkB pathway-related proteins and synapse-related proteins in the hippocampus were also reduced in the cadmium exposure group (P<0.05). Conclusion Early-life cadmium exposure may induce synaptic dysplasia and lead to cognitive dysfunction by down-regulating the BDNF-TrkB signaling pathway in mice.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of body composition indicators in evaluating the development risk of gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM).Methods A total of 1431 pregnant women who were registered and underwent prenatal examinations in the Clinical Nutrition Department of Guizhou Hospital of Beijing Jishuitan Hospital were selected in this study from January 2018 to September 2021.Among them,263 participants were diagnosed with GDM(GDM group),and 1168 healthy individuals underwent physical examinations were enrolled as Con group.Results The GDM detection rate was 18.38%(263/1431).Logistic regression analysis showed that age and percent body fat were risk factors for the development of GDM.The area under the ROC curve of percent body fat for GDM prediction was 0.732,with sensitivity,specificity of 67.7%,68.3%.Conclusions High percentage of body fat during pregnancy is a risk factor for the development of GDM in late pregnancy,and the risk of developing diabetes during pregnancy can be predicted by the percentage of body fat index.

Objective To investigate changes in the intestinal flora and function in rats with antibiotic-associated diarrhea(A AD)treated with GeGen QinLian Decoction(GQD).Methods Sixty male or female SPF-grade SD rats were fed for 7 days and then divided randomly into Control(Con)and modeling groups(1∶5 ratio).Rats in the modeling group received clindamycin 250 mg/kg by gavage once a day for 7 consecutive days.After successful modeling,the rats were divided randomly into model(Mod),high-dose GQD(GQD-H,10.08 g/kg),medium-dose GQD(GQD-M,5.04 g/kg),low-dose GQD(GQD-L,2.52 g/kg),and live Bifidobacterium power(LBP,0.15 g/kg)groups(n=10 rats per group).GQD and LBP were administered by gavage,and the Con and Mod groups were given an equal volume of saline by gavage once a day.Feces were collected after 7 consecutive days of administration for macrogenomics sequencing analysis.Results α diversity and β diversity suggested that intestinal microbial diversity differed between the Mod and GQD-treated groups.GQD increased the abundance of thick-walled bacteria and decreased the abundance of Aspergillus at the phylum level,and increased the relative abundances of the intestinal mucus bacteria Blautia,Bacteroides,Thomasclavelia,and Mediterraneibacter,and decreased the relative abundances of Adlercreutzia,Muribaculum,and Escherichia at the genus level.GQD also up-regulated the amino acid,carbohydrate,and immune disease pathways.Conclusions GQD improves the abundance ratio of beneficial and pathogenic intestinal bacteria in rats with antibiotic-associated diarrhea,which in turn reduces the intestinal inflammatory response and repairs the intestinal immune system.